海上升压站利用基础作为自然接地体的仿真研究
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摘要
海上升压站是大容量海上风电场的重要组成部分。为了抗台风和抗海底冲刷的需要,选址在近海海域和潮间带海域的海上升压站分别选取导管架和多桩作为基础类型。海水的深度,海水的电阻率,海床的电阻率以及潮间带地区的海床土壤结构,均会对入地电流的流散产生影响,有必要研究海上升压站利用基础作为自然接地体的可行性。建立了以导管架和多桩基础作为海上升压站的自然接地体的仿真模型,将导体分段,求解各微段导体的格林函数,再叠加求解出模型的接地电阻。在此基础上,利用指数函数模型拟合,得出接地电阻与各影响因素的关系。计算结果表明,海上升压站利用基础作为自然接地体能够满足实际工程的需要,为实际海上升压站的接地设计提供参考。
The offshore boost station is an important part of the large installed capacity offshore wind farm.In order to resist typhoon and seabed scouring,the boost station which located at coastal waters and intertidal zone usually use jacket or multi-pile foundation.The depth of sea water,the resistivity of sea water and resistivity of seabed and the soil structure of the seabed of an intertidal area will influence the grounding resistance.Therefore,it is necessary to study the feasibility of using the foundation as the natural grounding electrode of the offshore boost station.This paper made a simulation model that use jacket and multi-pile foundation as natural grounding device.As for simulation calculation,every conduct in this model is divided into several segments,and the Green's function of each segment is solved with complex image method.Finally,the grounding resistance can be obtained on the basis of the principle of superposition.And based on the result of simulation,the curve of the relationship between grounding resistance and all kinds of influencing factors are established.The results show that using the jacket and multi-pile foundation as a natural grounding electrode is satisfactory for the safe grounding of offshore boost station,and it can be a reference to the grounding design of offshore boost station.
The offshore boost station is an important part of the large installed capacity offshore wind farm.In order to resist typhoon and seabed scouring,the boost station which located at coastal waters and intertidal zone usually use jacket or multi-pile foundation.The depth of sea water,the resistivity of sea water and resistivity of seabed and the soil structure of the seabed of an intertidal area will influence the grounding resistance.Therefore,it is necessary to study the feasibility of using the foundation as the natural grounding electrode of the offshore boost station.This paper made a simulation model that use jacket and multi-pile foundation as natural grounding device.As for simulation calculation,every conduct in this model is divided into several segments,and the Green's function of each segment is solved with complex image method.Finally,the grounding resistance can be obtained on the basis of the principle of superposition.And based on the result of simulation,the curve of the relationship between grounding resistance and all kinds of influencing factors are established.The results show that using the jacket and multi-pile foundation as a natural grounding electrode is satisfactory for the safe grounding of offshore boost station,and it can be a reference to the grounding design of offshore boost station.
引文
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[15]黄维平,刘建军,赵战华.海上风电基础结构研究现状及发展趋势[J].海洋工程,2009,27(2):130-134.HUANGWeiping,LIU Jianjun,ZHAO Zhanhua.The state of the art of study on offshore wind turbine structures and its development[J].The Ocean Engineering,2009,27(2):130-134.
[16]方超颖,文习山,王羽,等.海上风电机组不同基础自然接地体的比较研究[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(2):208-211,198.FANGChaoying,WEN Xishan,WANG Yu,et al.Comparative study on using foundation as natural grounding electrode of offshore wind turbine[J].Water Resources and Power,2016,34(2):208-211,198.
[17]李炬添,彭千,方超颖,等.海上风电机组利用高桩承台基础作为自然接地体的仿真研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(5):114-119.LIJutian,PENG Qian,FANG Chaoying,et al.Simulation study on ising high-rise cap foundation as natural grounding electrode of offshore wind turbines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(5):114-119.
[18]李炬添,张曾,方超颖,等.海上风电机组利用导管架结构作为自然接地体可行性研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):148-153.LIJutian,ZHANG Ceng,FANG Chaoying,et al.Feasibility study on using jacket structure as natural grounding electrode for offshore wind turbines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):148-153.
[19]IEC 61400-3.Wind turbines-Part3:Design Requirements for Offshore Wind Turbines[S].New York:2006
[20]鲁志伟.大型接地网工频接地参数的计算和测量[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[21]周蜜,樊亚东,郑钟楠,等.潮间带海上风电机组重力式基础接地特性[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3320-3326.ZHOU Mi,FANYadong,ZHENG Zhongnan,et al.Grounding resistance characteristics of gravity foundations of offshore wind turbines in the intertidal zone[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3320-3326.
[22]DNV-OS-J101.Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures[S].Oslo:DET NOR SKE VERITAS,2007.
[23]API RP 2A-LRFD.Recommended practice for planning,designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms-load and resistance factor design[S].New York:1993
[2]王卫权,李秀芹.2012-2016年中国风电市场暨已建在建风电场项目研究报告[R].北京:华夏新兴产业出版社,2016.
[3]WANG Licun,WEI Jing,WANG Xudong,et al.The development and prospect of offshore wind power technology in the world[C]2009 WORLD NON-GRID-CON-NECTED WIND POWER AND ENERGY CONFER-ENCE.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009:439.
[4]European Wind Energy Association.The european offshore wind industry-key trends and statistics 2014[R].Amsterdam:2015.
[5]葛川,何炎平,叶宇,等.海上风电场的发展、构成和基础形式[J].中国海洋平台,2008,23(6):31-35.GE Chuan,HEYanping,YE Yu,et al.Development,composing and foundation of offshore wind farm[J].China Offshore Platform,2008,23(6):31-35.
[6]ALI BEIKBAGILHBAN,SOFIANELCTaleb.Wind turbine operation:causes for failure[DB/OL].http://euwinet.iset.uni-kassel.de
[7]BARBOSE,G,N.Darghouth,R.Wiser.2015 U.S.Wind Turbine Market Report[R].Washington.DC:American Wind Energy Association,2015.
[8]Bundesverband Wind Energie.Status of wind energy development in germany[R].Berlin:Deutsche Wind Guard Gmb H,2013.
[9]杨文斌,周浩.风电机组过电压保护与防雷接地设计[J].高电压技术,2008,34(10):27081-2085.YANGWenbin,ZHOU Hao.Design for overvoltage protection and lightning grounding of wind turbine[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(10):2081-2085.
[10]张小青.风电机组防雷与接地[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[11]国家能源局.海上风力发电机组钢制桩基及承台制作技术规范:NB/T 31080-2016[S].北京:2016.National Energy Administration.NB/T31080-2016The technical specification for steel foundation pile and bearing platform of offshore wind turbines[S].Beijing:2016(in Chinese).
[12]尚景宏.海上风力机基础结构设计选型研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2010.
[13]FANGChaoying,LAN Lei,WANG Yu,et al.Feasibility study on using jacket structure as natural grounding electrode of offshore wind turbines[C]2014 INTERNATION-AL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION(ICLP).[S.l.]:[s.n.],2014:265-268.
[14]ZHENG Z.N,WANG J.G,Y.D.Fan,et al.Grounding impedance calculation of steel monopole foundations of offshore wind turbines in intertidal zone[C].In:Farhad Rachidi.2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).Shanghai:ICLP,2014,946-948.
[15]黄维平,刘建军,赵战华.海上风电基础结构研究现状及发展趋势[J].海洋工程,2009,27(2):130-134.HUANGWeiping,LIU Jianjun,ZHAO Zhanhua.The state of the art of study on offshore wind turbine structures and its development[J].The Ocean Engineering,2009,27(2):130-134.
[16]方超颖,文习山,王羽,等.海上风电机组不同基础自然接地体的比较研究[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(2):208-211,198.FANGChaoying,WEN Xishan,WANG Yu,et al.Comparative study on using foundation as natural grounding electrode of offshore wind turbine[J].Water Resources and Power,2016,34(2):208-211,198.
[17]李炬添,彭千,方超颖,等.海上风电机组利用高桩承台基础作为自然接地体的仿真研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(5):114-119.LIJutian,PENG Qian,FANG Chaoying,et al.Simulation study on ising high-rise cap foundation as natural grounding electrode of offshore wind turbines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(5):114-119.
[18]李炬添,张曾,方超颖,等.海上风电机组利用导管架结构作为自然接地体可行性研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):148-153.LIJutian,ZHANG Ceng,FANG Chaoying,et al.Feasibility study on using jacket structure as natural grounding electrode for offshore wind turbines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):148-153.
[19]IEC 61400-3.Wind turbines-Part3:Design Requirements for Offshore Wind Turbines[S].New York:2006
[20]鲁志伟.大型接地网工频接地参数的计算和测量[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[21]周蜜,樊亚东,郑钟楠,等.潮间带海上风电机组重力式基础接地特性[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3320-3326.ZHOU Mi,FANYadong,ZHENG Zhongnan,et al.Grounding resistance characteristics of gravity foundations of offshore wind turbines in the intertidal zone[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3320-3326.
[22]DNV-OS-J101.Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures[S].Oslo:DET NOR SKE VERITAS,2007.
[23]API RP 2A-LRFD.Recommended practice for planning,designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms-load and resistance factor design[S].New York:1993