海上溢油漂移扩散的数值模拟
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摘要
该文基于三维自由水面垂向分层动网格的Euler-Lagrangian模式,采用VC方式(Vertex-Centered)的非结构化有限体积方法离散三维浅水方程,模拟渤海的潮汐水流运动过程。以此为水动力背景场,采用油、水分离的Lagrangian粒子追踪模型,对渤海海域发生的溢油漂移扩散问题进行模拟。其油品的蒸发、乳化和溶解等风化作用以引入综合衰减系数的方式考虑。模型对油膜的漂移路径、厚度和面积进行了实时模拟和预测,用多个测站的同步连续实测值对水动力模式进行了参数率定与模型验证,油膜输运扩散的计算结果也与相关报告数据进行了对比,均吻合良好,说明模型具有较高的可靠性与重现性。
Based on the Euler-Lagrangian model of vertical layered dynamic grid with three-dimensional free surface, unstructured finite volume method with the VC(Vertex-Centered) style is used to simulate the flow process of tidal current in the Bohai. Using the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model as the background field, the Lagrangian particle tracking model of oil and water separation is used to simulate the oil spill in the Bohai. The volume of oil is estimated by correlation data. The weathering of evaporation, emulsification, dissolution and other factors of the oil are considered in the comprehensive attenuation coefficient. The parameters of the hydrodynamic model are determined by using the synchronous continuous measurement of multiple stations. The drift path, thickness and area of oil film are simulated and predicted by using this model. The calculation results of oil film transport and diffusion are also compared with the results of the relevant reports. The results show that the model has good accuracy, reproducibility and practicality.
Based on the Euler-Lagrangian model of vertical layered dynamic grid with three-dimensional free surface, unstructured finite volume method with the VC(Vertex-Centered) style is used to simulate the flow process of tidal current in the Bohai. Using the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model as the background field, the Lagrangian particle tracking model of oil and water separation is used to simulate the oil spill in the Bohai. The volume of oil is estimated by correlation data. The weathering of evaporation, emulsification, dissolution and other factors of the oil are considered in the comprehensive attenuation coefficient. The parameters of the hydrodynamic model are determined by using the synchronous continuous measurement of multiple stations. The drift path, thickness and area of oil film are simulated and predicted by using this model. The calculation results of oil film transport and diffusion are also compared with the results of the relevant reports. The results show that the model has good accuracy, reproducibility and practicality.
引文
[1]严志宇,熊德琪,殷佩海.海上溢油风化模型评述[J].大连海事大学学报,2001,27(4):36-39.YAN Zhi-yu,XIONG De-qi,YIN Pei-hai.Weathering modeling review of oil spills at sea[J].Journal of Dalian Maritime University,2001,27(4):36-39.
[2]李琼.海上溢油风化预测系统的研制[D].大连海事大学,大连,中国,2002.LI Qiong.Development of oil weathering system[D].Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,China,2002.
[3]MILLER,STOLZENBACK K D.A review and evaluation of basic techniques predictiong the behavior of surface oil slicks[R].Sea Grant Program Report No.MITSG-77-9.Cambridge,United States:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1977,22:20-30.
[4]WILLIAMS G N,HANN R W.Simulation models for oil spill transport and diffusion[C].Summer Computer Simulation Conference,La Jolla,California,United States,1975:748-752.
[5]WEBB L,TARANTO R,HASHIMOTO E.Operational oil spill drift forecationg[C].Proceedings of 7th Nav Symposium of Military Oceanography,Annapolis,Maryland,United States,1970:114-119.
[6]黄礼贤,张观希,万肇忠.石油在海洋中的扩散[J].环境科学,1982,3(1):7-12.HUANG Li-xian,ZHANG Guan-xi,WAN Zhao-zhong.Oil diffusion in the ocean[J].Journal of Environmental Science,1982,3(1):7-12.
[7]武周虎,赵文谦.海面溢油扩展、离散和迁移组合模型[J].海洋环境科学,1992,11(3):35-42.WU Zhou-hu,ZHAO Wen-qian.A combined model of oil spill expansion,dispersion and migration[J].Marine Environmental Science,1992,11(3):35-42.
[8]牟林,邹和平,武双全,等.海上溢油数值模型研究进展[J].海洋通报,2011,30(4):473-480.MU lin,ZOU He-ping,WU Shuang-quan,et al.Numerical model research on the ocean oil spill[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(4):473-480.
[9]WARREN S,DONALD M.Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures[J].Environmental Science Technology,1984,18:834-840.
[10]MARK B,MERVIN F E T.When oil spills emulsify[J].Reprinted from Chemtech,1992,22:236-241.
[11]杨毅,陈志莉,李颖,等.基于GNOME和ADIOS的墨西哥湾溢油污染数值模拟[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(4):599-604.YANG Yi,CHEN Zhi-li,LI Ying,et al.Numerical simulation of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico based on the GNOME and ADIOS[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(4):599-604.
[12]黄娟.渤海海上溢油漂移扩散数值模拟研究[J].海洋科学,2014,38(11):100-107.HUANG Juan.Numerical simulation of oil spill driftdiffusion in the Bohai sea[J].Marine Science,2014,38(11):100-107.
[13]黄娟.渤海溢油三维漂移数值模拟研究[J].海洋科学,2015,39(2):110-117.HUANG Juan.Numerical simulation of oil spill in Bohai[J].Marine Science,2015,39(2):110-117.
[14]WANG Z L,GENG Y F.A three-dimensional semi-implicit unstructured grid finite volume ocean model[J].Acta Oceanol,Sin,2013,32(1):68-78.
[15]王昆.复杂水流的高分辨率数值模拟[D].大连理工大学,大连,中国,2009.WANG Kun.High-Resolution numerical simulations for complex water flow[D].Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,China,2009.
[16]NI Z H,SONG Z R,WU L C.A new model for velocity profiles in estuarine waters[J].China Ocean Engineering,2010,2:255-264.
[17]SONG Z R,LIU Y F.Corrected formula of bed resistance coefficient for plane numerical simulation of tidal current[J].China Ocean Engineering,2000,14(2):221-227.
[18]LIANG S J,TANG J H.Solution of shallow-water equations using least-squares finite-element method[J].Acta Mechanica Sinca,2008,24(5):523-532.
[19]朱学明,鲍献文,黄必桂,等.西北太平洋的一种潮汐数值同化模型[J].海洋学报,2012,34(2):1-12.ZHU Xue-ming,BAO Xian-wen,HUANG Bi-gui,et al.An tidal numerical assimilation modeling in northwest pacific[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(2):1-12.
[20]FLORENT L,FABIEN L,THIERRY L,et al.Modelling the global ocean tides:Modern insights from FES2004[J].Ocean Dynamics,2006,56(5-6):394-415.
[21]于华明.全球海洋潮汐同化模拟及东中国海潮流对环流作用研究[D].中国海洋大学,青岛,中国,2010.YU Hua-ming.Global ocean tide assimilation modeling and the study of the role of tidal current on the ocean circulation in the East China Seas[D].Ocean University of China,Qingdao,China,2010.
[22]WAGNER R C,DILLAHA T A,GENE Y.An assessment of the reference watershed approach for TMDLs with biological impairments[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2007,181(1-4):341-354.
[23]王昆,王年斌.辽东湾海域水体污染物输运的数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2010,25(4):493-498.WANG Kun,WANG Nian-bin.Numerical simulation of the pollutant transport in Liaodong Bay[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,25(4):493-498.
[2]李琼.海上溢油风化预测系统的研制[D].大连海事大学,大连,中国,2002.LI Qiong.Development of oil weathering system[D].Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,China,2002.
[3]MILLER,STOLZENBACK K D.A review and evaluation of basic techniques predictiong the behavior of surface oil slicks[R].Sea Grant Program Report No.MITSG-77-9.Cambridge,United States:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1977,22:20-30.
[4]WILLIAMS G N,HANN R W.Simulation models for oil spill transport and diffusion[C].Summer Computer Simulation Conference,La Jolla,California,United States,1975:748-752.
[5]WEBB L,TARANTO R,HASHIMOTO E.Operational oil spill drift forecationg[C].Proceedings of 7th Nav Symposium of Military Oceanography,Annapolis,Maryland,United States,1970:114-119.
[6]黄礼贤,张观希,万肇忠.石油在海洋中的扩散[J].环境科学,1982,3(1):7-12.HUANG Li-xian,ZHANG Guan-xi,WAN Zhao-zhong.Oil diffusion in the ocean[J].Journal of Environmental Science,1982,3(1):7-12.
[7]武周虎,赵文谦.海面溢油扩展、离散和迁移组合模型[J].海洋环境科学,1992,11(3):35-42.WU Zhou-hu,ZHAO Wen-qian.A combined model of oil spill expansion,dispersion and migration[J].Marine Environmental Science,1992,11(3):35-42.
[8]牟林,邹和平,武双全,等.海上溢油数值模型研究进展[J].海洋通报,2011,30(4):473-480.MU lin,ZOU He-ping,WU Shuang-quan,et al.Numerical model research on the ocean oil spill[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(4):473-480.
[9]WARREN S,DONALD M.Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures[J].Environmental Science Technology,1984,18:834-840.
[10]MARK B,MERVIN F E T.When oil spills emulsify[J].Reprinted from Chemtech,1992,22:236-241.
[11]杨毅,陈志莉,李颖,等.基于GNOME和ADIOS的墨西哥湾溢油污染数值模拟[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(4):599-604.YANG Yi,CHEN Zhi-li,LI Ying,et al.Numerical simulation of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico based on the GNOME and ADIOS[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(4):599-604.
[12]黄娟.渤海海上溢油漂移扩散数值模拟研究[J].海洋科学,2014,38(11):100-107.HUANG Juan.Numerical simulation of oil spill driftdiffusion in the Bohai sea[J].Marine Science,2014,38(11):100-107.
[13]黄娟.渤海溢油三维漂移数值模拟研究[J].海洋科学,2015,39(2):110-117.HUANG Juan.Numerical simulation of oil spill in Bohai[J].Marine Science,2015,39(2):110-117.
[14]WANG Z L,GENG Y F.A three-dimensional semi-implicit unstructured grid finite volume ocean model[J].Acta Oceanol,Sin,2013,32(1):68-78.
[15]王昆.复杂水流的高分辨率数值模拟[D].大连理工大学,大连,中国,2009.WANG Kun.High-Resolution numerical simulations for complex water flow[D].Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,China,2009.
[16]NI Z H,SONG Z R,WU L C.A new model for velocity profiles in estuarine waters[J].China Ocean Engineering,2010,2:255-264.
[17]SONG Z R,LIU Y F.Corrected formula of bed resistance coefficient for plane numerical simulation of tidal current[J].China Ocean Engineering,2000,14(2):221-227.
[18]LIANG S J,TANG J H.Solution of shallow-water equations using least-squares finite-element method[J].Acta Mechanica Sinca,2008,24(5):523-532.
[19]朱学明,鲍献文,黄必桂,等.西北太平洋的一种潮汐数值同化模型[J].海洋学报,2012,34(2):1-12.ZHU Xue-ming,BAO Xian-wen,HUANG Bi-gui,et al.An tidal numerical assimilation modeling in northwest pacific[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(2):1-12.
[20]FLORENT L,FABIEN L,THIERRY L,et al.Modelling the global ocean tides:Modern insights from FES2004[J].Ocean Dynamics,2006,56(5-6):394-415.
[21]于华明.全球海洋潮汐同化模拟及东中国海潮流对环流作用研究[D].中国海洋大学,青岛,中国,2010.YU Hua-ming.Global ocean tide assimilation modeling and the study of the role of tidal current on the ocean circulation in the East China Seas[D].Ocean University of China,Qingdao,China,2010.
[22]WAGNER R C,DILLAHA T A,GENE Y.An assessment of the reference watershed approach for TMDLs with biological impairments[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2007,181(1-4):341-354.
[23]王昆,王年斌.辽东湾海域水体污染物输运的数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2010,25(4):493-498.WANG Kun,WANG Nian-bin.Numerical simulation of the pollutant transport in Liaodong Bay[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,25(4):493-498.