基于时间尺度变换的大步长电磁暂态仿真
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摘要
传统电磁暂态仿真步长小,速度慢,限制了仿真规模。该文通过对解析信号特性的分析,利用欧拉公式提出一种时间尺度变换方法实现大步长仿真,建立RLC基本元件和电压源型换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)在时间尺度旋转坐标系下的模型,基于此方法设计了考虑多频率成分的大规模混联电网的多速率快速电磁暂态仿真框架。对含有电力电子设备或希望详细仿真的部分采用小步长仿真,对其他部分,采用大步长仿真。小步长和大步长按传输线接口。对比分析时间尺度变换和所提仿真框架与传统电磁暂态仿真、dq0变换、动态相量法、频率偏移法、频率自适应法等方法的特点,并用仿真算例验证方法的可行性和有效性。
Because of the small time step in traditional electromagnetic transient program(EMTP), the EMT simulation scale for power system is limited. To address this issue, the time-scale-frame transformation(TSFT) was put forward based on the analytic signal rotation characteristic. The models of RLC and VSC convertor based on TSFT are researched. TSFT unifies the dynamic phasor(DP), shifted frequency algorithm(SFA) and frequency adaptive simulation of transients(FAST). A novel multi-rate strategy based on time-scale-frame transformation(TSFT) was also designed. The part of power electronic devices was simulated with a small time step, and other parts of power system was simulated with a big time step via time-scale-frame transformation of single phase. TSFT was compared with traditional EMTP, hybrid simulation, dq0 frame transformation, dynamic phasor(DP), SFA, FAST. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method was verified by simulation examples.
Because of the small time step in traditional electromagnetic transient program(EMTP), the EMT simulation scale for power system is limited. To address this issue, the time-scale-frame transformation(TSFT) was put forward based on the analytic signal rotation characteristic. The models of RLC and VSC convertor based on TSFT are researched. TSFT unifies the dynamic phasor(DP), shifted frequency algorithm(SFA) and frequency adaptive simulation of transients(FAST). A novel multi-rate strategy based on time-scale-frame transformation(TSFT) was also designed. The part of power electronic devices was simulated with a small time step, and other parts of power system was simulated with a big time step via time-scale-frame transformation of single phase. TSFT was compared with traditional EMTP, hybrid simulation, dq0 frame transformation, dynamic phasor(DP), SFA, FAST. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method was verified by simulation examples.
引文
[1]董毅峰,王彦良,韩佶,等.电力系统高效电磁暂态仿真技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(8):2213-2231.Dong Yifeng,Wang Yanliang,Han Ji,et al.Review of high efficiency digital electromagnetic transient simulation technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(8):2213-2231(in Chinese).
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[3]汤涌.交直流电力系统多时间尺度全过程仿真和建模研究新进展[J].电网技术,2009,33(16):1-8.Tang Yong.New progress in research on multi-time scale unified simulation and modeling for AC/DC power systems[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(16):1-8(in Chinese).
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[6]Demiray T.Simulation of power system dynamics using dynamic phasor models[D].Zurich:Swiss Federal institute of Technology,2008.
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[10]Liu Chongru,Bose A,Tian Pengfei.Modeling and analysis of HVDC converter by three-phase dynamic phasor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):3-12.
[11]夏黄蓉,韩民晓,姚蜀军,等.模块化多电平换流器动态相量建模[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(S2):120-127.Xia Huangrong,Han Minxiao,Yao Shujun,et al.Dynamic phasor modeling of simplified modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S2):120-127(in Chinese).
[12]Yang Tao,Bozhko S,Le-Peuvedic J M,et al.Dynamic phasor modeling of multi-generator variable frequency electrical power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(1):563-571.
[13]Zhang Peng,MartíJ R,Dommel H W.Shifted-frequency analysis for EMTP simulation of power-system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2010,57(9):2564-2574.
[14]MartíJ R,Dommel H W,Bonatto B D,et al.Shifted Frequency Analysis(SFA)concepts for EMTP modelling and simulation of power system dynamics[C]//Proceedings of 2014 Power Systems Computation Conference.Wroclaw Wroclaw,Poland:IEEE,2014.
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[16]Strunz K S,Shintaku R,Gao Feng.Frequency-adaptive network modeling for integrative simulation of natural and envelope waveforms in power systems and circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2006,53(12):2788-2803.
[17]Fan Shengtao,Ding Hui.Time domain transformation method for accelerating EMTP simulation of power system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1778-1787.
[18]岳程燕,田芳,周孝信,等.电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真接口原理[J].电网技术,2006,30(1):23-27,88.Yue Chengyan,Tian Fang,Zhou Xiaoxin,et al.Principle of interfaces for hybrid simulation of Power system electromagnetic-electromechanical transient process[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(1):23-27,88(in Chinese).
[19]张树卿,童陆园,薛巍,等.基于数字计算机和RTDS的实时混合仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(18):61-66.Zhang Shuqing,Tong Luyuan,Xue Wei,et al.Digital computer and rtds based real-time hybrid simulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(18):61-66(in Chinese).
[20]刘文焯,侯俊贤,汤涌,等.考虑不对称故障的机电暂态-电磁暂态混合仿真方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(13):8-15.Liu Wenzhuo,Hou Junxian,Tang Yong,et al.Electromechanical transient/electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation method considering asymmetric faults[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(13):8-15(in Chinese).
[21]岳程燕.电力系统电磁暂态与机电暂态混合实时仿真的研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2004.Yue Chengyan.Study of power system electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient real-time hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2004(in Chinese).
[22]柳勇军.电力系统机电暂态和电磁暂态混合仿真技术的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2006.Liu Yongjun.Study on power system electromechanical transient and electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2006(in Chinese).
[23]张怡.基于频率相关网络等值的机电磁暂态混合仿真研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.Zhang Yi.Study on frequency dependent network equivalent based electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012(in Chinese).
[24]胡一中.网络宽频等值研究以及在电磁机电暂态混合仿真中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2017.Hu Yizhong.Research on frequency dependent network equivalent and its applications in electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2017(in Chinese).
[25]Baimel D,Belikov J,Guerrero J P,et al.Dynamic modeling of networks,microgrids,and renewable sources in the dq0 reference frame:a survey[J].IEEE Access,2017(5):21323-21335.
[26]姚蜀军,韩民晓,汪燕,等.大规模电网电磁暂态快速仿真方法[J].电力建设,2015,36(12):16-21.Yao Shujun,Han Minxiao,Wang Yan,et al.A fast electromagnetic transient simulation of large-scale power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(12):16-21(in Chinese).
[27]穆清,李亚楼,周孝信,等.基于传输线分网的并行多速率电磁暂态仿真算法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(7):47-52.Mu Qing,Li Yalou,Zhou Xiaoxin,et al.A parallel multi-rate electromagnetic transient simulation algorithm based on network division through transmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(7):47-52(in Chinese).
[28]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.Tang Guangfu.High voltage transmission technology based on voltage source convertor[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009(in Chinese).
[29]李兴源,朱瑞可,王渝红,等.基于EMD和Prony算法的同步电机参数辨识[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):136-139.Li Xingyuan,Zhu Ruike,Wang Yuhong,et al.Parameter identification of synchronous machine based on empirical mode decomposition and prony algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):136-139(in Chinese).
[2]李亚楼,穆清,安宁,等.直流电网模型和仿真的发展与挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(4):127-135.Li Yalou,Mu Qing,An Ning,et al.Development and challenge of modeling and simulation of DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(4):127-135(in Chinese).
[3]汤涌.交直流电力系统多时间尺度全过程仿真和建模研究新进展[J].电网技术,2009,33(16):1-8.Tang Yong.New progress in research on multi-time scale unified simulation and modeling for AC/DC power systems[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(16):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]宋炎侃,陈颖,黄少伟,等.大规模电力系统电磁暂态并行仿真算法和实现[J].电力建设,2015,36(12):9-15.Song Yankan,Chen Ying,Huang Shaowei,et al.Electromagnetic transient parallel simulation algorithm and implementation for Large-scale power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(12):9-15(in Chinese).
[5]Henschel S.Analysis of electromagnetic and electromechanical power system transients with dynamic phasors[D].Vancouver:The University of British Columbia,1999.
[6]Demiray T.Simulation of power system dynamics using dynamic phasor models[D].Zurich:Swiss Federal institute of Technology,2008.
[7]Rajesvaran S,Filizadeh S.Modeling modular multilevel converters using extended-frequency dynamic phasors[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,MA,USA:IEEE,2016:1-5.
[8]Hu Wei,Sun Jianjun,Gao Minghai,et al.Modeling and simulation of micro-grid including inverter-interfaced distributed resources based on dynamic phasors[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference.Tainan,Taiwan:IEEE,2013:686-690.
[9]Daryabak M,Filizadeh S,Jatskevich J,et al.Modeling of LCC-HVDC systems using dynamic phasors[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(4):1989-1998.
[10]Liu Chongru,Bose A,Tian Pengfei.Modeling and analysis of HVDC converter by three-phase dynamic phasor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):3-12.
[11]夏黄蓉,韩民晓,姚蜀军,等.模块化多电平换流器动态相量建模[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(S2):120-127.Xia Huangrong,Han Minxiao,Yao Shujun,et al.Dynamic phasor modeling of simplified modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S2):120-127(in Chinese).
[12]Yang Tao,Bozhko S,Le-Peuvedic J M,et al.Dynamic phasor modeling of multi-generator variable frequency electrical power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(1):563-571.
[13]Zhang Peng,MartíJ R,Dommel H W.Shifted-frequency analysis for EMTP simulation of power-system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2010,57(9):2564-2574.
[14]MartíJ R,Dommel H W,Bonatto B D,et al.Shifted Frequency Analysis(SFA)concepts for EMTP modelling and simulation of power system dynamics[C]//Proceedings of 2014 Power Systems Computation Conference.Wroclaw Wroclaw,Poland:IEEE,2014.
[15]Gao Feng,Strunz K.Frequency-adaptive power system modeling for multiscale simulation of transients[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):561-571.
[16]Strunz K S,Shintaku R,Gao Feng.Frequency-adaptive network modeling for integrative simulation of natural and envelope waveforms in power systems and circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2006,53(12):2788-2803.
[17]Fan Shengtao,Ding Hui.Time domain transformation method for accelerating EMTP simulation of power system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1778-1787.
[18]岳程燕,田芳,周孝信,等.电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真接口原理[J].电网技术,2006,30(1):23-27,88.Yue Chengyan,Tian Fang,Zhou Xiaoxin,et al.Principle of interfaces for hybrid simulation of Power system electromagnetic-electromechanical transient process[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(1):23-27,88(in Chinese).
[19]张树卿,童陆园,薛巍,等.基于数字计算机和RTDS的实时混合仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(18):61-66.Zhang Shuqing,Tong Luyuan,Xue Wei,et al.Digital computer and rtds based real-time hybrid simulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(18):61-66(in Chinese).
[20]刘文焯,侯俊贤,汤涌,等.考虑不对称故障的机电暂态-电磁暂态混合仿真方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(13):8-15.Liu Wenzhuo,Hou Junxian,Tang Yong,et al.Electromechanical transient/electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation method considering asymmetric faults[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(13):8-15(in Chinese).
[21]岳程燕.电力系统电磁暂态与机电暂态混合实时仿真的研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2004.Yue Chengyan.Study of power system electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient real-time hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2004(in Chinese).
[22]柳勇军.电力系统机电暂态和电磁暂态混合仿真技术的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2006.Liu Yongjun.Study on power system electromechanical transient and electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2006(in Chinese).
[23]张怡.基于频率相关网络等值的机电磁暂态混合仿真研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.Zhang Yi.Study on frequency dependent network equivalent based electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012(in Chinese).
[24]胡一中.网络宽频等值研究以及在电磁机电暂态混合仿真中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2017.Hu Yizhong.Research on frequency dependent network equivalent and its applications in electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2017(in Chinese).
[25]Baimel D,Belikov J,Guerrero J P,et al.Dynamic modeling of networks,microgrids,and renewable sources in the dq0 reference frame:a survey[J].IEEE Access,2017(5):21323-21335.
[26]姚蜀军,韩民晓,汪燕,等.大规模电网电磁暂态快速仿真方法[J].电力建设,2015,36(12):16-21.Yao Shujun,Han Minxiao,Wang Yan,et al.A fast electromagnetic transient simulation of large-scale power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(12):16-21(in Chinese).
[27]穆清,李亚楼,周孝信,等.基于传输线分网的并行多速率电磁暂态仿真算法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(7):47-52.Mu Qing,Li Yalou,Zhou Xiaoxin,et al.A parallel multi-rate electromagnetic transient simulation algorithm based on network division through transmission line[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(7):47-52(in Chinese).
[28]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.Tang Guangfu.High voltage transmission technology based on voltage source convertor[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009(in Chinese).
[29]李兴源,朱瑞可,王渝红,等.基于EMD和Prony算法的同步电机参数辨识[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):136-139.Li Xingyuan,Zhu Ruike,Wang Yuhong,et al.Parameter identification of synchronous machine based on empirical mode decomposition and prony algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):136-139(in Chinese).