千岛湖国家级水产种质资源保护区(梓桐核心区)鱼类群落结构
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摘要
2016年3月—2017年11月对梓桐核心区水域的鱼类资源按季度进行采样调查,对该水域鱼类群落种类组成、生态类型、优势种、多样性指数和ABC曲线进行分析。共采集鱼类43种,隶属4目8科30属,其中,鲤科鱼类种类最多(65.12%);以中上层、杂食性、湖泊定居性鱼类为主;优势种为黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi)、银飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca sinensis)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis);Margalef、 Simpson、 Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数两年的变化范围分别为3.17～5.01、0.68～0.89、1.79～2.55和0.61～0.84;鱼类群落结构季节变化呈显著差异,且在多数情况下受到中度干扰。研究结果不仅有助于了解千岛湖保护区内的鱼类群落和资源的状况,而且可为兴建水利工程对鱼类群落结构影响提供参考的资料。
A sampling survey was conducted on the fish resources in Zitong core area from March 2016 to November 2017, and the fish species composition,ecological type,dominant species, community diversity index, community structure, ABC curve were analyzed. A total of 43 species were collected, which belonged to 4 orders, 8 families and 30 genera, and Cyprinidae had the largest number of species, which constituted 65.12% of the total species number. The captured fish were mainly composed of middle uplayers, omnivorous and sedentary species. The dominant species were Xenocypris davidi, Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Aristichthys nobilis. Margalef diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou diversity ranged from 3.17 to 5.01, from 0.68 to 0.89, from 1.79 to 2.55, and from 0.61 to 0.84, respectively.The seasonal variation of fish community structure was significantly different, and in most cases it was moderately disturbed. The results of the study will not only help to understand the status of fish communities and resources in the Qiandao Lake conservation area, but also provide reference data for the construction of water conservancy projects to influence the fish community structure.
A sampling survey was conducted on the fish resources in Zitong core area from March 2016 to November 2017, and the fish species composition,ecological type,dominant species, community diversity index, community structure, ABC curve were analyzed. A total of 43 species were collected, which belonged to 4 orders, 8 families and 30 genera, and Cyprinidae had the largest number of species, which constituted 65.12% of the total species number. The captured fish were mainly composed of middle uplayers, omnivorous and sedentary species. The dominant species were Xenocypris davidi, Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Aristichthys nobilis. Margalef diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou diversity ranged from 3.17 to 5.01, from 0.68 to 0.89, from 1.79 to 2.55, and from 0.61 to 0.84, respectively.The seasonal variation of fish community structure was significantly different, and in most cases it was moderately disturbed. The results of the study will not only help to understand the status of fish communities and resources in the Qiandao Lake conservation area, but also provide reference data for the construction of water conservancy projects to influence the fish community structure.
引文
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[2] 刘国栋,何光喜,刘其根,等.千岛湖大眼华鳊年龄、生长和繁殖的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(3):382-391.LIU G D,HE G X,LIU Q G,et al.Primary study on the age,growth and reproduction of Sinibrama macrops in Qiandao Lake[J].Journal of Shanghai University,2011,20(3):382-391.
[3] 宋固.千岛湖鲢、鳙鱼食性研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.SONG G.Feeding habits of silver carp and bighead crap in Qiandaohu Lake[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013.
[4] 宋固,胡梦红,刘其根.运用稳定同位素技术研究千岛湖秋季刺网渔获物的食性和营养级[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(1):117-122.SONG G,HU M H,LIU Q G.Study on the feeding habits and trophic levels of the gillnet catches of Qiandao Lake in autumn by stable isotope technology[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(1):117-122.
[5] 张峻德,赵良杰,刘其根.千岛湖细鳞鲴和黄尾鲴COI种群遗传结构比较的初步研究[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(5):3-7.ZHANG J D,ZHAO L J,LIU Q G.Primary study on comparison of population genetic structure between Xenocypris microlepis and X.davidi in Qiandao lake base on mitochondrial COIgene[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(5):3-7.
[6] 曲宪成,张勇,刘其根,等.千岛湖细鳞鲴种群线粒体COI基因变异及遗传分化研究[J].湖南农业科学,2011(15):150-153.QU X C,ZHANG Y,LIU Q G,et al.Gene mutation and genetic differentiation of mitochondrial COI in Xenocypris microlepis in Qiandaohu Lake[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2011(15):150-153.
[7] 何光喜,张峻德,刘其根,等.基于单层刺网渔获物的千岛湖鱼类群落结构初步研究[J].水产科技情报,2011,38(4):197-203.HE G X,ZHANG J D,LIU Q G,et al.Preliminary study on fish community structure of Qiandao Lake based on single layer gillnet catch[J].Fisheries Science & Technology Information,2011,38(4):197-203.
[8] 侯文华,胡梦红,刘其根.千岛湖刺网渔获物中鱼类群落结构及多样性特征分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(6):826-833.HOU W H,HU M H,LIU Q G.Community structure and diversity of fishes in Qiandao Lake[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(6):826-833.
[9] 罗仙池,吴振兴.千岛湖的渔业资源现状及资源增殖途径探讨[J].水产科技情报,1992,19(2):33-37.LUO X C,WU Z X.Present situation of fishery resources in the Thousand Island Lake and discussion on the way of their reproduction[J].Fisheries Science & Technology Information,1992,19(2):33-37.
[10] 徐田祥,蔡茂胜,项为民.千岛湖渔业资源下降原因及对策[J].水利渔业,2000,20(6):35-36.XU T X,CAI M S,XIANG W M.Reasons for the decline of fisheries resources in Qiandaohu Lake and strategies[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2000,20(6):35-36.
[11] 方中平,向国春.千岛湖渔业生态资源增殖保护的对策与措施[J].水利渔业,2007,27(4):50-52.FANG Z P,XIANG G C.Countermeasures and measures for the protection of fishery ecological resources in Qiandao Lake[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2007,27(4):50-52.
[12] 李亚楠,臧斯颖,侯文华,等.主要外来鱼类对千岛湖生态系统的潜在影响及对策[J].生物学通报,2014,49(9):3-5.LI Y N,ZANG S Y,HOU W H,et al.Potential impacts and countermeasures of major exotic fishes on the Qiandao Lake ecosystem[J].Bulletin of Biology,2014,49(9):3-5.
[13] 刘其根.千岛湖保水渔业及其对湖泊生态系统的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.LIU Q G.Aquatic environmental protection oriented fishery in Lake Qiandaohu and its influences on lake ecosystem[J].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2005.
[14] 刘其根,王钰博,陈立侨,等.保水渔业对千岛湖食物网结构及其相互作用的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2774-2783.LIU Q G,WANG Y B,CHEN L Q,et al.Impacts of aquatic environment protection oriented fishery on the structure of food web in Lake Qiandaohu[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(10):2774-2783.
[15] 王开锋,靳铁治,孙长铭,等.陕西库峪岷县高原鳅水产种质资源保护区的鱼类及其多样性[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(4):16-20.WANG K F,JIN T Z,SUN C M,et al.Fish and their diversities in Shaanxi Kuyu aquatic resources reserve[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(4):16-20.
[16] 何美峰,袁定清,崔利峰,等.汀江大刺鳅国家级水产种质资源保护区鱼类群落结构及其影响因子[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(1):121-129.HE M F,YUAN D Q,CUI L F,et al.Study on fish community and impact factors in Mastacembelusaculedtus national aquatic reserve in Tingjiang River[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2015,24(1):121-129.
[17] 李万宝.福建建溪细鳞鲴国家级水产种质资源保护区的鱼类多样性[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(4):31-37.LI W B.Species diversity of fish community of Xenocypris microlepis national aquatic germplasm resource reservein Jianxi River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2016,46(4):31-37.
[18] 刘凯,段金荣,许萌霆,等.淮河荆涂峡鲤、长吻鮠国家级水产种质资源保护区冬季渔业群落多样性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(3):424-428.LIU K,DUAN J R,XU M T,et al.Winter biodiversity of the fishery community in Huaihe Cyprinus carpio and Leiocassis longirostris national aquatic germplasm resources conservation area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2015,42(3):424-428.
[19] 郝雅宾,刘金殿,郭爱环,等.钱塘江富阳段鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(3):45-51.HAO Y B,LIU J D,GUO A H,et al.Current status of fishery resources in Fuyang section of Qiantang River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2017,47(3):45-51.
[20] PINKAS L,OLIPHANT M S,IVEROSN K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,1971,152:9-10.
[21] 张建禄,边坤,靳铁治,等.秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(1):103-108.ZHANG J L,BIAN K,JIN T Z,et al.Investigation on status of fish resources in Qinling Heihe River basin[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2016,46(1):103-108.
[22] WILHMJ L.Use of biomass units in Shannon’s formula[J].Ecology,1968,49(1):153-156.
[23] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1963:1-65.
[24] PIELOU E C.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1966,13:131-144.
[25] MARGALEF R.Information theory in ecology[J].General Systems,1958,3:36-71.
[26] LUDWIG J A,REYNOLDS J F.Statistical Ecology:a primer on methods and computing[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,1988:197.
[27] BRAZNER J C,BEALS E W.Patterns in fish assemblages from coastal wetland and beach habitats in Green Bay,Lake Michigan:a multivariate analysis of abiotic and biotic forcing factors[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1997,54(8):1743-1761.
[28] CLARKE K R,WARWICK R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[M].2nd ed.Plymouth:Primer-E,2001.
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