树脂基复合材料拉挤成型研究进展
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摘要
简要综述了用于拉挤成型的热固性和热塑性聚合物种类和成型工艺,详细论述了数值模拟在拉挤成型理论分析建模和工艺参数优化等方面的研究进展。此外,还介绍了几种新型拉挤成型技术,包括编织-缠绕-拉挤成型技术、弯曲拉挤成型技术等。连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有可再加工性、环保可回收等特点,在拉挤成型领域有着广阔的发展前景。
This article reviewed the research progress in the pultrusion process and technology of fiber-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites, and also introduced the types of polymers suitable for pultrusion. The research progress in theoretical modeling and process optimization of pultrusion with mathematical simulation was discussed in detail. In addition, several novel pultrusion technologies, including braiding-winding-pultrusion and bending pultrusion, were introduced. With the advantages of reusability and recyclability, the continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites exhibit good development prospect in the field of pultrusion.
This article reviewed the research progress in the pultrusion process and technology of fiber-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites, and also introduced the types of polymers suitable for pultrusion. The research progress in theoretical modeling and process optimization of pultrusion with mathematical simulation was discussed in detail. In addition, several novel pultrusion technologies, including braiding-winding-pultrusion and bending pultrusion, were introduced. With the advantages of reusability and recyclability, the continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites exhibit good development prospect in the field of pultrusion.
引文
[1] 陈博. 我国复合材料拉挤成型技术及应用发展情况分析[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2014, (4): 1-12. CHEN B. Development of the Composites Pultrusion Processes &Application in China[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics /Composites, 2014, (4): 1-12.
[2] 周效谅, 钱春香, 王继刚, 等. 连续纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料拉挤工艺研究与应用现状[J]. 高科技纤维与应用, 2004, 29(1): 41-45. ZHOU X L, QIAN C X, WANG J G, et al. The Research and Application of Pultrusion for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites[J]. High-tech Fiber & Application, 2004, 29(1): 41-45.
[3] HOWALD A M, MEYER L S. Shaft for Fishing Rods: 2571717[P]. 1951-10-16.
[4] 复材应用技术网. 2020年拉挤市场产值将达20.452亿美元[EB/OL]. http://www.frpapp.com/hangyezixun/201509/11/4500.html/2015-09-11.
[5] BORGES S G, FERREIRA C A, ANDRADE J M, et al. The Influence of Bath Temperature on the Properties of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Rods[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2015, 34(15): 1 221-1 230.
[6] 孟秀青. 高性能纤维复合材料拉挤工艺的研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2013.
[7] CHIANG C L, CHEN C H. In Situ Pultrusion of Vinyl Ester/Nano-mica Matrix Composites: Process Feasibility and Process Parameters[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2016, 35(21): 1 554-1 565.
[8] 李鹏. 碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂拉挤复合材料的制备及应用研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2004.
[9] 李鹏, 杨小平, 李建国. 碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂单向复合材料拉挤工艺研究[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2003, (1): 24-26. LI P, YANG X P, LI J G. Investigation of the Pultrusion Technology of Carbon/Vinylester Composites[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2003, (1): 24-26.
[10] 李勇, 肖军, 谭永刚, 等. BMI-QC130双马树脂拉挤工艺[J]. 复合材料学报, 2009, 26(5): 20-26. LI Y, XIAO J, TAN Y G, et al. Pultrusion Process of the Bismaleimide Resin BMI-QC130[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica[J]. 2009, 26(5): 20-26.
[11] ZHU J, CHANDRASHEKHARA K, FLANIGAN V, et al. Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Soy-based Composites Using Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2004, 35(1): 95-101.
[12] VUPPALAPATI R R, MENTA K, CHANDRASHEKHARA K, et al. Manufacturing and Impact Characterization of Soy-based Polyurethane Pultruded Composites[J]. Polymer Composites, 2014, 35(6): 1070-1077.
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[20] LIU X L. A Finite Element/Nodal Volume Technique for Flow Simulation of Injection Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(7): 649-661.
[21] LIU X L. Iterative And Transient Numerical Models for Flow Simulation of Injection Pultrusion[J]. Composite Structures, 2004, 66(1-4): 175-180.
[22] JESWANI A L, ROUX J A. Numerical Modelling of Design Parameters for Manufacturing Polyester/Glass Composites by Resin Injection Pultrusion[J]. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 2006, 14(7): 651-670.
[23] MASURAM N B, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Fiber Volume Fraction Influence on Fiber Compaction in Tapered Resin Injection Pultrusion Manufacturing[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2016, 23(3): 421-442.
[24] MASURAM N B, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Resin Viscosity Influence on Fiber Compaction in Tapered Resin Injection Pultrusion Manufacturing[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2017: 1-22.
[25] PALIKHEL D R, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Die-attached Versus Die-detached Resin Injection Chamber for Pultrusion[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2013, 20(1): 55-72.
[26] SHAKYA N, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Effect of Resin Viscosity in Fiber Reinforcement Compaction in Resin Injection Pultrusion Process[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2013, 20(6): 1 173-1 193.
[27] PRICE H L. Curing and Flow of Thermosetting Resins for Composite Material Pultrusion[D]. Norfolk: Old Dominion University. 1979.
[28] LIU X L. Numerical Modeling on Pultrusion of Composite I Beam[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2001, 32(5): 663-681.
[29] LIU X L, CROUCH I G, LAM Y C. Simulation of Heat Transfer and Cure in Pultrusion with a General-purpose Finite Element Package[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2000, 60(6): 857-864.
[30] LIU X L. A Finite Element/Nodal Volume Technique for Flow Simulation of Injection Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(7): 649-661.
[31] 陈幸开, 谢怀勤, 曲艳双. CFRP拉挤工艺过程固化度数值模拟与实验[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2009, 31(06): 758-763. CHEN X K, XIE H Q, QU Y S. Simulation and Experiment of the Degree of Cure During CFRP Pultrusion[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2009, 31(06): 758-763.
[32] 张强, 赵艳杰. 复合材料拉挤成型过程中温度和固化度的数值模拟研究[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2007, (02): 17-20. ZHANG Q, ZHAO Y J. Numerical Simulation of Temperature and Degree of Cure in Polymer Composites Pultrusion[J]. Fiber Composites, 2007, (02): 17-20.
[33] JOSHI S C, LAM Y C. Three-dimensional Finite-element/Nodal-control-volume Simulation of the Pultrusion Process with Temperature-dependent Material Properties Including Resin Shrinkage[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2001, 61(11): 1 539-1 547.
[34] PANTALE?O A V, DEANDRADE C R, ZAPAROLI E L. The Effect of Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity on the Pultrusion Process Simulation[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, 29(5): 611-621.
[35] CARLONE P, BARAN I, HATTEL J H, et al. Computational Approaches for modeling the multiphysics in Pultrusion Process[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 5: 301 875.
[36] BARAN I, TUTUM C C, NIELSEN M W, et al. Process Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013, 51: 148-161.
[37] BARAN I, HATTEL J H, AKKERMAN R, et al. Mechanical Modelling of Pultrusion Process: 2D and 3D Numerical Approaches[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2015, 22(1): 99-118.
[38] 黄生江. 连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的两步法拉挤成型工艺研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2012.
[39] 方立. 连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料制备及其性能的研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2012.
[40] KIM D H, LEE W I, FRIEDRICH K. A Model for a Thermoplastic Pultrusion Process Using Commingled Yarns[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2001, 61(8): 1 065-1 077.
[41] WIEDMER S, MANOLESOS M. An Experimental Study of the Pultrusion of Carbon Fiber-polyamide 12 Yarn[J]. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2006, 19(1): 97-112.
[42] NOVO P J, SILVA J F, NUNES J P, et al. Pultrusion of Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Pre-impregnated Materials[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2016, 89: 328-339.
[43] ANGELOV I, WIEDMER S, EVSTATIEV M, et al. Pultrusion of a Flax/Polypropylene Yarn[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2007, 38(5): 1 431-1 438.
[44] VAN DE VELDE K, KIEKENS P. Thermoplastic Pultrusion of Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites[J]. Composite Structures, 2001, 54(2): 355-360.
[45] LINGANISO L Z, BEZERRA R, BHAT S, et al. Pultrusion of Flax/Poly (lactic acid) Commingled Yarns and Nonwoven Fabrics[J]. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2014, 27(11): 1 553-1 572.
[46] CHO B G, MCCARTHY S P, FANUCCI J P, et al. Fiber Reinforced Nylon-6 Composites Produced by the Reaction Injection Pultrusion Process[J]. Polymer Composites, 1996, 17(5): 673-681.
[47] LUISIER A, BOURBAN P E, M?NSON J A E. Reaction Injection Pultrusion of PA12 Composites: Process and Modelling[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(7): 583-595.
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[2] 周效谅, 钱春香, 王继刚, 等. 连续纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料拉挤工艺研究与应用现状[J]. 高科技纤维与应用, 2004, 29(1): 41-45. ZHOU X L, QIAN C X, WANG J G, et al. The Research and Application of Pultrusion for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites[J]. High-tech Fiber & Application, 2004, 29(1): 41-45.
[3] HOWALD A M, MEYER L S. Shaft for Fishing Rods: 2571717[P]. 1951-10-16.
[4] 复材应用技术网. 2020年拉挤市场产值将达20.452亿美元[EB/OL]. http://www.frpapp.com/hangyezixun/201509/11/4500.html/2015-09-11.
[5] BORGES S G, FERREIRA C A, ANDRADE J M, et al. The Influence of Bath Temperature on the Properties of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Rods[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2015, 34(15): 1 221-1 230.
[6] 孟秀青. 高性能纤维复合材料拉挤工艺的研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2013.
[7] CHIANG C L, CHEN C H. In Situ Pultrusion of Vinyl Ester/Nano-mica Matrix Composites: Process Feasibility and Process Parameters[J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2016, 35(21): 1 554-1 565.
[8] 李鹏. 碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂拉挤复合材料的制备及应用研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2004.
[9] 李鹏, 杨小平, 李建国. 碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂单向复合材料拉挤工艺研究[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2003, (1): 24-26. LI P, YANG X P, LI J G. Investigation of the Pultrusion Technology of Carbon/Vinylester Composites[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2003, (1): 24-26.
[10] 李勇, 肖军, 谭永刚, 等. BMI-QC130双马树脂拉挤工艺[J]. 复合材料学报, 2009, 26(5): 20-26. LI Y, XIAO J, TAN Y G, et al. Pultrusion Process of the Bismaleimide Resin BMI-QC130[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica[J]. 2009, 26(5): 20-26.
[11] ZHU J, CHANDRASHEKHARA K, FLANIGAN V, et al. Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Soy-based Composites Using Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2004, 35(1): 95-101.
[12] VUPPALAPATI R R, MENTA K, CHANDRASHEKHARA K, et al. Manufacturing and Impact Characterization of Soy-based Polyurethane Pultruded Composites[J]. Polymer Composites, 2014, 35(6): 1070-1077.
[13] RYCKIS-KITE G, SLABACK D. Two Component Chemically Thermoset Composite Resin Matrix for Use in Composite Manufacturing Processes: 6420493[P]. 2002-07-16.
[14] 陈幸开. 碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料拉挤工艺数值模拟与优化[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2010.
[15] CARLONE P, BARAN I, HATTEL J H, et al. Computational Approaches for Modeling the Multiphysics in Pultrusion Process[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 5: 301 875.
[16] KIM Y R, MCCARTHY S P, FANUCCI J P. Study of Resin Flow During Injection-pultrusion Process[C]//Proceedings of the Annual Technical Conference, 1991, 37: 1 966.
[17] KOMMU S, KHOMAMI B, KARDOS J L. Modeling of Injected Pultrusion Processes: A Numerical Approach[J]. Polymer Composites, 1998, 19(4): 335-346.
[18] RAHATEKAR S S, ROUX J A. Numerical Simulation of Pressure Variation and Resin Flow in Injection Pultrusion[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2003, 37(12): 1 067-1 082.
[19] SRINIVASAGUPTA D, POTARAJU S, KARDOS J L, et al. Steady State and Dynamic Analysis of a Bench-scale Injected Pultrusion Process[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(9): 835-846.
[20] LIU X L. A Finite Element/Nodal Volume Technique for Flow Simulation of Injection Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(7): 649-661.
[21] LIU X L. Iterative And Transient Numerical Models for Flow Simulation of Injection Pultrusion[J]. Composite Structures, 2004, 66(1-4): 175-180.
[22] JESWANI A L, ROUX J A. Numerical Modelling of Design Parameters for Manufacturing Polyester/Glass Composites by Resin Injection Pultrusion[J]. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 2006, 14(7): 651-670.
[23] MASURAM N B, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Fiber Volume Fraction Influence on Fiber Compaction in Tapered Resin Injection Pultrusion Manufacturing[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2016, 23(3): 421-442.
[24] MASURAM N B, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Resin Viscosity Influence on Fiber Compaction in Tapered Resin Injection Pultrusion Manufacturing[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2017: 1-22.
[25] PALIKHEL D R, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Die-attached Versus Die-detached Resin Injection Chamber for Pultrusion[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2013, 20(1): 55-72.
[26] SHAKYA N, ROUX J A, JESWANI A L. Effect of Resin Viscosity in Fiber Reinforcement Compaction in Resin Injection Pultrusion Process[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2013, 20(6): 1 173-1 193.
[27] PRICE H L. Curing and Flow of Thermosetting Resins for Composite Material Pultrusion[D]. Norfolk: Old Dominion University. 1979.
[28] LIU X L. Numerical Modeling on Pultrusion of Composite I Beam[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2001, 32(5): 663-681.
[29] LIU X L, CROUCH I G, LAM Y C. Simulation of Heat Transfer and Cure in Pultrusion with a General-purpose Finite Element Package[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2000, 60(6): 857-864.
[30] LIU X L. A Finite Element/Nodal Volume Technique for Flow Simulation of Injection Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(7): 649-661.
[31] 陈幸开, 谢怀勤, 曲艳双. CFRP拉挤工艺过程固化度数值模拟与实验[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2009, 31(06): 758-763. CHEN X K, XIE H Q, QU Y S. Simulation and Experiment of the Degree of Cure During CFRP Pultrusion[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2009, 31(06): 758-763.
[32] 张强, 赵艳杰. 复合材料拉挤成型过程中温度和固化度的数值模拟研究[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2007, (02): 17-20. ZHANG Q, ZHAO Y J. Numerical Simulation of Temperature and Degree of Cure in Polymer Composites Pultrusion[J]. Fiber Composites, 2007, (02): 17-20.
[33] JOSHI S C, LAM Y C. Three-dimensional Finite-element/Nodal-control-volume Simulation of the Pultrusion Process with Temperature-dependent Material Properties Including Resin Shrinkage[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2001, 61(11): 1 539-1 547.
[34] PANTALE?O A V, DEANDRADE C R, ZAPAROLI E L. The Effect of Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity on the Pultrusion Process Simulation[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, 29(5): 611-621.
[35] CARLONE P, BARAN I, HATTEL J H, et al. Computational Approaches for modeling the multiphysics in Pultrusion Process[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 5: 301 875.
[36] BARAN I, TUTUM C C, NIELSEN M W, et al. Process Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Pultrusion[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013, 51: 148-161.
[37] BARAN I, HATTEL J H, AKKERMAN R, et al. Mechanical Modelling of Pultrusion Process: 2D and 3D Numerical Approaches[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2015, 22(1): 99-118.
[38] 黄生江. 连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的两步法拉挤成型工艺研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2012.
[39] 方立. 连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料制备及其性能的研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2012.
[40] KIM D H, LEE W I, FRIEDRICH K. A Model for a Thermoplastic Pultrusion Process Using Commingled Yarns[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2001, 61(8): 1 065-1 077.
[41] WIEDMER S, MANOLESOS M. An Experimental Study of the Pultrusion of Carbon Fiber-polyamide 12 Yarn[J]. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2006, 19(1): 97-112.
[42] NOVO P J, SILVA J F, NUNES J P, et al. Pultrusion of Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Pre-impregnated Materials[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2016, 89: 328-339.
[43] ANGELOV I, WIEDMER S, EVSTATIEV M, et al. Pultrusion of a Flax/Polypropylene Yarn[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2007, 38(5): 1 431-1 438.
[44] VAN DE VELDE K, KIEKENS P. Thermoplastic Pultrusion of Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites[J]. Composite Structures, 2001, 54(2): 355-360.
[45] LINGANISO L Z, BEZERRA R, BHAT S, et al. Pultrusion of Flax/Poly (lactic acid) Commingled Yarns and Nonwoven Fabrics[J]. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2014, 27(11): 1 553-1 572.
[46] CHO B G, MCCARTHY S P, FANUCCI J P, et al. Fiber Reinforced Nylon-6 Composites Produced by the Reaction Injection Pultrusion Process[J]. Polymer Composites, 1996, 17(5): 673-681.
[47] LUISIER A, BOURBAN P E, M?NSON J A E. Reaction Injection Pultrusion of PA12 Composites: Process and Modelling[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003, 34(7): 583-595.
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