藜麦品系的染色体数目及核型分析
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摘要
为探明西藏目前主推藜麦的染色体数目及核型,以西藏农牧学院植物科学学院提供的藜麦品系W4为材料,对其进行根尖染色体常规压片法制片,比较采用8-羟基喹啉、秋水仙素和冰冻方法的预处理时间、1mol/L HCl酸解时间对藜麦染色体制片的影响,探讨最优的根尖处理方法并进行核型分析.结果显示:用0.1%秋水仙素溶液(离体)处理3h,1mol/L HCl 60℃酸解13～14 min的总体作用效果最佳;藜麦W4的核型公式为2n=36=32 m(2SAT)+4sm,核型不对称系数为57.87%,核型分类中属2B型.
To investigate the chromosome number and karyotype of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)cv.W4,the main line of the species in Tibet,its seeds provided by College of Plant Science of Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College were used as the plant material.The traditional chromosome tabletting technique was adopted and the effects of the time of pretreatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline and colchicine and with freezing and acidolysis time with 1mol/L HCl on chromosome preparations were compared so as to explore the best method of root tip treatment and karyotype analysis.Treatment with 0.1%colchicine solution(in vitro)for 3hours,and acidolysis with 1mol/L HCl at 60 ℃for 13～14minutes gave the best results.The karyotype formula of quinoa W4 was shown to be 2n(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)=36=32m(2SAT)+4sm,with an asymmetrical coefficient of 57.87%.In classification,it belonged to the category of karyotype 2B.
To investigate the chromosome number and karyotype of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)cv.W4,the main line of the species in Tibet,its seeds provided by College of Plant Science of Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College were used as the plant material.The traditional chromosome tabletting technique was adopted and the effects of the time of pretreatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline and colchicine and with freezing and acidolysis time with 1mol/L HCl on chromosome preparations were compared so as to explore the best method of root tip treatment and karyotype analysis.Treatment with 0.1%colchicine solution(in vitro)for 3hours,and acidolysis with 1mol/L HCl at 60 ℃for 13～14minutes gave the best results.The karyotype formula of quinoa W4 was shown to be 2n(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)=36=32m(2SAT)+4sm,with an asymmetrical coefficient of 57.87%.In classification,it belonged to the category of karyotype 2B.
引文
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[15]STEBBINS G L.Chromosome Evolution in High Plants[M].London:Edward Arnold Ltd.,1971.
[16]乔永刚,宋芸.利用Excel制作核型模式图[J].农业网络信息,2006(10):97-98.
[17]刘永安,冯海生,陈志国,等.植物染色体核型分析常用方法概述[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):98-102.
[18]OHRI D.The Taxonomic Riddle of Chenopodium album L.Complex(Amaranthaceae)[J].The Nucleus,2015,58(2):131-134.
[19]陈于和,秦素平,林小虎.离体与非离体条件对豌豆根尖有丝分裂的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(6):230-232.
[20]SHE C W,JIANG X H,OU L J.Molecularcytogenetic Characterisation and Phylogenetic a-Nalysis of the Seven Cultivated Vigna species(Fabaceae)[J].Plant Biol,2015,17(1):268-280.
[2]贡布扎西,旺姆.西藏南美藜营养品质评价[J].西北农业学报,1995,4(1):85-88.
[3]工布扎西,旺姆,张崇玺.南美藜在西藏的生物学特性研究[J].西北农业学报,1994,3(4):81-86.
[4] STIKIC R,GLAMOCLIJA D,DEMIN M,et al.Agronomical and Nutritional Evaluation of Quinoa Seeds(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)as an Ingredient in Bread Formulations[J].Journal of Cereal Science,2012,55(2):132-138.
[5]秦改梅.李润青.中国藜麦的先行者[J].科学之友,2016(5):34-36.
[6]阿图尔·博汗格瓦,希尔皮·斯利瓦斯塔瓦,于晓娜,等.藜麦生产与应用[C].北京:藜麦生产与应用中国作物学会论文集,2014.
[7] HERNNDEZ B J E,LEN J.Neglected Crops:1492from a Different Perspective[C].Rome:FAO-Plant Production and Protection Series,1994.
[8]高兰.加快藜麦栽培技术推广促进高原特色农业升级[J].农业与技术,2017,37(3):111-113.
[9]李娜娜,丁汉凤,郝俊杰,等.藜麦在中国的适应性种植及发展展望[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(10):31-36.
[10]KOLANO B,GARDUNIA B W,MICHALSKA M.Chromosomal Localization of Two Novel Repetitive Sequences Isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Genome[J].J Appl Genet,2008,49(4):313-320.
[11]WARD S M.Allotetraploid Segregation for Single-Gene Morphological Characters in Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)[J].Euphytica,2000,116(1):11-16.
[12]MAUGHAN P J,BONIFACIO A,COLEMAN C E.JELLEN E N.Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants(Volume 3):Pulses,Sugar and Tuber Crops[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2007.
[13]丁鸿,邱东萍,陈少雄.植物染色体标本的制备和染色体核型分析研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(12):1958-1962.
[14]李懋学,陈瑞阳.关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J].武汉植物学研究,1985,3(4):297-302.
[15]STEBBINS G L.Chromosome Evolution in High Plants[M].London:Edward Arnold Ltd.,1971.
[16]乔永刚,宋芸.利用Excel制作核型模式图[J].农业网络信息,2006(10):97-98.
[17]刘永安,冯海生,陈志国,等.植物染色体核型分析常用方法概述[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):98-102.
[18]OHRI D.The Taxonomic Riddle of Chenopodium album L.Complex(Amaranthaceae)[J].The Nucleus,2015,58(2):131-134.
[19]陈于和,秦素平,林小虎.离体与非离体条件对豌豆根尖有丝分裂的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(6):230-232.
[20]SHE C W,JIANG X H,OU L J.Molecularcytogenetic Characterisation and Phylogenetic a-Nalysis of the Seven Cultivated Vigna species(Fabaceae)[J].Plant Biol,2015,17(1):268-280.