不同配方基质对油麦菜栽培中微生物数量及酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】为了探明不同基质配比对油麦菜基质中微生物数量、酶活性及油麦菜产量的影响.【方法】采取盆栽方式,以特高产尖叶型油麦菜为试材,选用草炭、平菇菌渣、棉花秸秆、牛粪、蛭石和珍珠岩作为基质原料,分别按照以下质量比设计试验处理:对照T1(6∶0∶0∶2∶2∶2)、处理T2(2∶4∶0∶2∶2∶2)、T3(2∶0∶4∶2∶2∶2)和T4(2∶2∶2∶2∶2∶2).【结果】处理T2中细菌、真菌的数量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性均在油麦菜生长60d时达最大值,且高于其他处理,分别是对照T1的2.02倍、1.91倍、1.55倍、10.38倍和2.46倍.在油麦菜整个生育期内,各处理油麦菜基质细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶的活性均增大和提高;但过氧化氢酶活性均降低.与生育期内相比,采收后上述微生物数量及酶活性均减小和降低,且采收后大于播种前.过氧化氢酶活性与真菌数量、脲酶活性与细菌的数量、蔗糖酶与细菌和放线菌、纤维素酶与真菌的数量均呈极显著正相关;脲酶活性与真菌数量存在负相关性.【结论】单独添加菇渣的处理(T2)和复合添加菇渣和棉花秸秆处理(T4)有利于增加基质中微生物的数量及酶活,可大幅度提高油麦菜的产量.
【Objective】To research the effects of different substrates composition on the microorganisms quantity and enzyme activities of cultivated substances of leafy lettuces.【Method】The potted high yield and cuspidal leaf lettuces were used as the material.The substrates composited of peat,mushroom residue,cotton straw,cow dung,vermiculite and perlite.The mass ratio of the substrates are as:the control T1(6∶0∶0∶2∶2∶2),treatment T2(2∶4∶0∶2∶2∶2),T3(2∶0∶4∶2∶2∶2)and T4(2∶2∶2∶2∶2∶2).【Result】The highest values of the quantities of bacteria,fungi and the activity of urease,sucrose and cellulose appearedat the 60 th day of leafy lettuce cultivated in T2,the substrates were 2.02 fold,1.91 fold,1.55 fold,10.38 fold and 2.46 fold of the control.During the growth of leafy lettuce,the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and the activity of urease,sucrose and cellulose in substrate increased in three treatments,however,the catalase activity decreased.Moreover,the above mentioned microorganisms quantity and the enzyme activities decreased after harvesting in three treatments.There were highly significant positive correlation between the catalase activity and the fungi quantity,the urease activity and the bacteria quantity,the sucrose activity and the quantity of bacteria and ractinomyce,the cellulase activity and the fungi quantity.However,there was a negative correlation between urease activity and fungi quantity.【Conclusion】The treatments of T2 and T4 increase microorganisms quantity and enzyme activities of cultivated substance,enhance the yield of leafy lettuce.
【Objective】To research the effects of different substrates composition on the microorganisms quantity and enzyme activities of cultivated substances of leafy lettuces.【Method】The potted high yield and cuspidal leaf lettuces were used as the material.The substrates composited of peat,mushroom residue,cotton straw,cow dung,vermiculite and perlite.The mass ratio of the substrates are as:the control T1(6∶0∶0∶2∶2∶2),treatment T2(2∶4∶0∶2∶2∶2),T3(2∶0∶4∶2∶2∶2)and T4(2∶2∶2∶2∶2∶2).【Result】The highest values of the quantities of bacteria,fungi and the activity of urease,sucrose and cellulose appearedat the 60 th day of leafy lettuce cultivated in T2,the substrates were 2.02 fold,1.91 fold,1.55 fold,10.38 fold and 2.46 fold of the control.During the growth of leafy lettuce,the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and the activity of urease,sucrose and cellulose in substrate increased in three treatments,however,the catalase activity decreased.Moreover,the above mentioned microorganisms quantity and the enzyme activities decreased after harvesting in three treatments.There were highly significant positive correlation between the catalase activity and the fungi quantity,the urease activity and the bacteria quantity,the sucrose activity and the quantity of bacteria and ractinomyce,the cellulase activity and the fungi quantity.However,there was a negative correlation between urease activity and fungi quantity.【Conclusion】The treatments of T2 and T4 increase microorganisms quantity and enzyme activities of cultivated substance,enhance the yield of leafy lettuce.
引文
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[14]张宏,沈章军,阳贵德,等.鸡粪改良铜尾矿对3种豆科植物生长及基质微生物量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6522-6531.
[15]陈峰,沈迎春,刘阳,等.不同培养基质对金盏菊生长的影响研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014(16):22-23.
[16]张娟.不同种植模式对砂田土壤微生物学性状及作物的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[17]刘刚,佟万红,杜周和.秸秆覆盖对桑园土壤微生物年变化的影响[J].蚕业科学,2003,29(2):185-188.
[18]雷泽湘,雷中英,费永俊,等.食用仙人掌有机生态型栽培基质配方筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(1):32-33.
[19]孟焕文,程智慧,贾荣.一种用于辣椒育苗的无土栽培有机基质及其制备方法:CN 101697704A[P].2010.
[2]赵敬美.富镉复垦基质中镉的化学修复及选择农作物[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.
[3]杨六脚,曾文根,毛志勇.尖叶油麦菜周年栽培技术[J].现代园艺,2009(4):19.
[4]杨玲.油麦菜对不同极性污染物的吸附行为研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2013.
[5]WALLEY F,YATES T,VAN GROENINGEN J W.Relationships between soil nitrogen availability indices,yield,and nitrogen accumulation of wheat[J].Soil Science Society American Journal,2002,66:1549-1561.
[6]张丽娟,曲继松,冯海萍,等.添加纤维素酶对重复利用基质栽培礼品西瓜的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,51(4):49-55.
[7]靳晓东,徐文静,杨秋生.不同处理的玉米秸秆基质对矮牵牛、天竺葵生长影响的研究[J].湖南农业科学,2014(5):46-52.
[8]佟小刚,蒋卫杰,尹明安,等.无土栽培基质中的微生物及其对作物生长发育的影响[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):544-550.
[9]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:113-126.
[10]钱爱东.食品微生物学[M].北京.中国农业出版社,2009:235-247.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1983:294-313.
[12]李婧,郁继华,颉建明,等.不同配比基质对番茄穴盘苗品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012(11):165-171.
[13]徐晶,陈婉华,孙瑞莲,等.不同施肥处理对湖南红壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2003(5):8-11.
[14]张宏,沈章军,阳贵德,等.鸡粪改良铜尾矿对3种豆科植物生长及基质微生物量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6522-6531.
[15]陈峰,沈迎春,刘阳,等.不同培养基质对金盏菊生长的影响研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014(16):22-23.
[16]张娟.不同种植模式对砂田土壤微生物学性状及作物的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[17]刘刚,佟万红,杜周和.秸秆覆盖对桑园土壤微生物年变化的影响[J].蚕业科学,2003,29(2):185-188.
[18]雷泽湘,雷中英,费永俊,等.食用仙人掌有机生态型栽培基质配方筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(1):32-33.
[19]孟焕文,程智慧,贾荣.一种用于辣椒育苗的无土栽培有机基质及其制备方法:CN 101697704A[P].2010.