秸秆还田量对植物寄生线虫群落的影响
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摘要
利用运行11年的中国科学院保护性耕作长期定位试验站,开展了4个不同秸秆还田量处理即秸秆不覆盖还田(NT0)、秸秆33%覆盖还田(NT33)、秸秆67%覆盖还田(NT67)和秸秆100%覆盖还田(NT100)对植物寄生线虫群落影响的研究。本研究共分离鉴定到植物寄生线虫16个属,优势属4个,即巴兹尓属(Basiria)、垫刃属(Tylenchus)、拟盘旋属(Pararotylenchus)和短体属(Pratylenchus)。植物寄生线虫总丰度在0～10 cm土层随着秸秆还田量的增加先增加后减少,在10～20 cm土层随着秸秆还田量的增加变化很小,但两个土层不同秸秆还田量处理间植物寄生线虫总丰度差异均不显著。秸秆还田各个处理中,植物寄生线虫c-p(colonizers-persisters)类群以c-p3类群占优势。秸秆还田导致了0～10 cm土层土壤总有机碳含量增加,植物寄生线虫优势属中巴兹尔属(Basiria)和垫刃属(Tylenchus)的丰度增加,植物寄生线虫c-p2类群的相对丰度增加,以及c-p2和c-p3类群的生物量增加。秸秆还田量的增加并没有增加植物寄生线虫危害的风险。秸秆还田主要是通过影响土壤总有机碳和pH的变化来影响植物寄生线虫c-p类群。
We investigated the effects of corn stover mulching amount on plant-parasitic nematode communities after 11-year stover mulching in the long-term Conservation Tillage Research and Development Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Four treatments,including no corn stover mulching( NT0),33%( NT33),67%( NT67) and 100%( NT100) mulching amount of total corn stover harvest amount were set up. A total of 16 plant-parasitic nematode genera were identified,including four dominant genera,Basiria,Tylenchus,Pararotylenchus,and Pratylenchus. Our results showed that the total abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes firstly increased and then decreased in the 0-10 cm soil layer with the increases of corn stover mulching amount,while no obvious trend was found in the 10-20 cm soil layer. There was no significant variation in the total plant-parasites among different treatments in both soil layers. Among c-p( colonizerspersisters) groups,c-p3 of plant-parasitic nematodes was the dominant group. Corn stover mulching increased the total organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm soil layer,the abundance of dominant genera of Basiria and Tylenchus,the relative abundance of c-p2 group,and the biomass of c-p2 and c-p3 groups in the 0-10 cm soil layer. The increases of corn stover mulching amount did not enhance the possibility of harm from plant-parasitic nematodes. Stover return influenced the c-p groups of plant-parasitic nematodes through affecting soil organic carbon and pH.
We investigated the effects of corn stover mulching amount on plant-parasitic nematode communities after 11-year stover mulching in the long-term Conservation Tillage Research and Development Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Four treatments,including no corn stover mulching( NT0),33%( NT33),67%( NT67) and 100%( NT100) mulching amount of total corn stover harvest amount were set up. A total of 16 plant-parasitic nematode genera were identified,including four dominant genera,Basiria,Tylenchus,Pararotylenchus,and Pratylenchus. Our results showed that the total abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes firstly increased and then decreased in the 0-10 cm soil layer with the increases of corn stover mulching amount,while no obvious trend was found in the 10-20 cm soil layer. There was no significant variation in the total plant-parasites among different treatments in both soil layers. Among c-p( colonizerspersisters) groups,c-p3 of plant-parasitic nematodes was the dominant group. Corn stover mulching increased the total organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm soil layer,the abundance of dominant genera of Basiria and Tylenchus,the relative abundance of c-p2 group,and the biomass of c-p2 and c-p3 groups in the 0-10 cm soil layer. The increases of corn stover mulching amount did not enhance the possibility of harm from plant-parasitic nematodes. Stover return influenced the c-p groups of plant-parasitic nematodes through affecting soil organic carbon and pH.
引文
曹坳程,刘晓漫,郭美霞,等.2017.作物土传病害的危害及防治技术.植物保护,43(2):6-16.
段玉玺,陈立杰,朱晓峰,等.2011.植物线虫学.北京:科学出版社.
耿迪.2016.吉林省秸秆还田推广应用情况的调查分析(硕士学位论文).吉林:吉林农业大学.
胡宁,娄翼来,梁雷.2009.保护性耕作对土壤线虫c-p类群及功能团的影响.生态环境学报,18(6):2349-2353.
胡荣荣,朱晓峰,王东,等.2014.短体属线虫中国新纪录种的描述.沈阳农业大学学报,45(5):613-616.
孔云,张婷,李刚,等.2018.华北潮土线虫群落对玉米秸秆长期还田的响应.生态环境学报,27(4):692-698.
马慧娟.2016.秸秆还田不同年限对土壤生化性状及玉米生长发育的影响研究(硕士学位论文).吉林:吉林大学.
刘威.2015.连续秸秆还田对土壤结构性、养分和有机碳组分的影响(硕士学位论文).武汉:华中农业大学.
牟文雅,贾艺凡,陈小云,等.2017.玉米秸秆还田对土壤线虫数量动态与群落结构的影响.生态学报,37(3):877-886.
邬石根.2017.秸秆还田对酸性水稻土培肥增产、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响研究.土壤与作物,6(4):270-276.
潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.2013.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展.中国生态农业学报,21(5):526-535.
谢瑞芝,李少昆,李小君,等.2007.中国保护性耕作研究分析---保护性耕作与作物生产.中国农业科学,40(9):1914-1924.
徐蒋来,胡乃娟,朱利群.2016.周年秸秆还田量对麦田土壤养分及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,36(2):215-222.
于寒,梁烜赫,张玉秋,等.2015.不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响.农业资源与环境学报,32(3):305-311.
赵文罡,赵新天,王海龙,等.2017.吉林省保护性耕作技术发展现状及对策.吉林农业,(23):38.
张晓珂,李琪,梁文举,等.2013.长白山森林土壤线虫---形态分类与分布格局.北京:中国农业出版社.
Abad P,Gouzy J,Aury JM,et al.2008.Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita.Nature Biotechnology,26:9-15.
Ahmad W,Jairajpuri MS.2010.Mononchida:The Predaceous Nematodes.Leiden:Brill Academic Pub.
Ali N,Tavoillot J,Besnard G,et al.2017.How anthropogenic changes may affect soil-borne parasite diversity?Plant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive trees in Morocco as a case study.BMC Ecology,17:4.
Arcand M,Helgason B,Lemke R,et al.2014.Soil microbial communities and carbon utilization in diversified long-term conventional and organic management systems.99th ESAAnnual Convention 2014.
Atandi JG,George M,Danny L,et al.2017.Organic farming provides improved management of plant parasitic nematodes in maize and bean cropping system.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,247:265-272.
Bongers T.1994.De Nematoden van Nederland.2nd edition.Vormgeving en technische realisatie:Uitgeverij Pirola,Schoorl,Netherlands.
Comeau LP,Lemke RL,Knight JD,et al.2013.Carbon input from13C-labeled crops in four soil organic matter fractions.Biology and Fertility of Soils,49:1179-1188.
Fleming TR,Mcgowan NE,Maule AG,et al.2016.Prevalence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in Northern Ireland grassland and cereals,and the influence of soils and rainfall.Plant Pathology,65:1539-1550.
Gu YF,Zhang T,Che H,et al.2015.Influence of returning corn straw to soil on soil nematode communities in winter wheat.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35:52-56.
Hu C,Qi YC.2010.Effect of compost and chemical fertilizer on soil nematode community in a Chinese maize field.European Journal of Soil Biology,46:230-236.
Jiang C,Sun B,Li HX,et al.2013.Determinants for seasonal change of nematode community composition under long-term application of organic manure in an acid soil in subtropical China.European Journal of Soil Biology,55:91-99.
Sieriebriennikov B,Ferris H,De Goede RGM.2014.NINJA:An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring.European Journal of Soil Biology,61:90-93.
Stirling GR,Haipin NV,Bell MJ.2011.A surface mulch of crop residues enhances suppressiveness to plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane soils.Nematropica,41:109-121.
Wall DH,Bardgett RD,Eugene FK.2010.Biodiversity in the dark.Nature Geoscience,3:297-298.
Yeates GW,Bongers T,De Goede RG,et al.1993.Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera:An outline for soil ecologists.Journal of Nematology,25:315-331.
Zhang SX,Li Q,LüY,et al.2015a.Conservation tillage positively influences the microflora and microfauna in the black soil of Northeast China.Soil and Tillage Research,149:46-52.
Zhang SX,Li Q,LüY,et al.2013.Contributions of soil biota to C sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage systems.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,62:147-156.
Zhang ZY,Zhang XK,Xu MG,et al.2016.Responses of soil micro-food web to long-term fertilization in a wheat-maize rotation system.Applied Soil Ecology,98:56-64.
Zhang ZY,Zhang XK,Jhao JS,et al.2015b.Tillage and rotation effects on community composition and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes in a black soil.European Journal of Soil Biology,66:44-48.
段玉玺,陈立杰,朱晓峰,等.2011.植物线虫学.北京:科学出版社.
耿迪.2016.吉林省秸秆还田推广应用情况的调查分析(硕士学位论文).吉林:吉林农业大学.
胡宁,娄翼来,梁雷.2009.保护性耕作对土壤线虫c-p类群及功能团的影响.生态环境学报,18(6):2349-2353.
胡荣荣,朱晓峰,王东,等.2014.短体属线虫中国新纪录种的描述.沈阳农业大学学报,45(5):613-616.
孔云,张婷,李刚,等.2018.华北潮土线虫群落对玉米秸秆长期还田的响应.生态环境学报,27(4):692-698.
马慧娟.2016.秸秆还田不同年限对土壤生化性状及玉米生长发育的影响研究(硕士学位论文).吉林:吉林大学.
刘威.2015.连续秸秆还田对土壤结构性、养分和有机碳组分的影响(硕士学位论文).武汉:华中农业大学.
牟文雅,贾艺凡,陈小云,等.2017.玉米秸秆还田对土壤线虫数量动态与群落结构的影响.生态学报,37(3):877-886.
邬石根.2017.秸秆还田对酸性水稻土培肥增产、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响研究.土壤与作物,6(4):270-276.
潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.2013.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展.中国生态农业学报,21(5):526-535.
谢瑞芝,李少昆,李小君,等.2007.中国保护性耕作研究分析---保护性耕作与作物生产.中国农业科学,40(9):1914-1924.
徐蒋来,胡乃娟,朱利群.2016.周年秸秆还田量对麦田土壤养分及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,36(2):215-222.
于寒,梁烜赫,张玉秋,等.2015.不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响.农业资源与环境学报,32(3):305-311.
赵文罡,赵新天,王海龙,等.2017.吉林省保护性耕作技术发展现状及对策.吉林农业,(23):38.
张晓珂,李琪,梁文举,等.2013.长白山森林土壤线虫---形态分类与分布格局.北京:中国农业出版社.
Abad P,Gouzy J,Aury JM,et al.2008.Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita.Nature Biotechnology,26:9-15.
Ahmad W,Jairajpuri MS.2010.Mononchida:The Predaceous Nematodes.Leiden:Brill Academic Pub.
Ali N,Tavoillot J,Besnard G,et al.2017.How anthropogenic changes may affect soil-borne parasite diversity?Plant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive trees in Morocco as a case study.BMC Ecology,17:4.
Arcand M,Helgason B,Lemke R,et al.2014.Soil microbial communities and carbon utilization in diversified long-term conventional and organic management systems.99th ESAAnnual Convention 2014.
Atandi JG,George M,Danny L,et al.2017.Organic farming provides improved management of plant parasitic nematodes in maize and bean cropping system.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,247:265-272.
Bongers T.1994.De Nematoden van Nederland.2nd edition.Vormgeving en technische realisatie:Uitgeverij Pirola,Schoorl,Netherlands.
Comeau LP,Lemke RL,Knight JD,et al.2013.Carbon input from13C-labeled crops in four soil organic matter fractions.Biology and Fertility of Soils,49:1179-1188.
Fleming TR,Mcgowan NE,Maule AG,et al.2016.Prevalence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in Northern Ireland grassland and cereals,and the influence of soils and rainfall.Plant Pathology,65:1539-1550.
Gu YF,Zhang T,Che H,et al.2015.Influence of returning corn straw to soil on soil nematode communities in winter wheat.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35:52-56.
Hu C,Qi YC.2010.Effect of compost and chemical fertilizer on soil nematode community in a Chinese maize field.European Journal of Soil Biology,46:230-236.
Jiang C,Sun B,Li HX,et al.2013.Determinants for seasonal change of nematode community composition under long-term application of organic manure in an acid soil in subtropical China.European Journal of Soil Biology,55:91-99.
Sieriebriennikov B,Ferris H,De Goede RGM.2014.NINJA:An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring.European Journal of Soil Biology,61:90-93.
Stirling GR,Haipin NV,Bell MJ.2011.A surface mulch of crop residues enhances suppressiveness to plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane soils.Nematropica,41:109-121.
Wall DH,Bardgett RD,Eugene FK.2010.Biodiversity in the dark.Nature Geoscience,3:297-298.
Yeates GW,Bongers T,De Goede RG,et al.1993.Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera:An outline for soil ecologists.Journal of Nematology,25:315-331.
Zhang SX,Li Q,LüY,et al.2015a.Conservation tillage positively influences the microflora and microfauna in the black soil of Northeast China.Soil and Tillage Research,149:46-52.
Zhang SX,Li Q,LüY,et al.2013.Contributions of soil biota to C sequestration varied with aggregate fractions under different tillage systems.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,62:147-156.
Zhang ZY,Zhang XK,Xu MG,et al.2016.Responses of soil micro-food web to long-term fertilization in a wheat-maize rotation system.Applied Soil Ecology,98:56-64.
Zhang ZY,Zhang XK,Jhao JS,et al.2015b.Tillage and rotation effects on community composition and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes in a black soil.European Journal of Soil Biology,66:44-48.