浙贝母品质现状及中药材生态适宜性的研究进展
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摘要
当今社会人们对中医中药越来越重视,中药材的品质直接决定疗效的好坏,由于中药材生产种植缺乏对科学的理论指导、药材产地的区划研究不够全面等原因,导致中药材无论是品质、产量还是价格都一路走低。而这样的情况不但导致了高品质药材供不应求的市场现状,也给以药材种植为经济支持的地区和人民带来直接的影响。该文通过对浙贝母药材的品质研究发现,不同产地的浙贝母存在良莠不齐、品种老化、质量差距大等问题,而生态环境对药材的质量与产量有着重大影响,将很大程度上影响药材的质与量。为解决高品质药材生产问题,查阅多方文献发现生态适宜性研究方法是找出中药材品质与环境生态因素之间的关系较好的方法之一,在浙贝母药材全国产地适宜性区域划分、道地产区的确立和药材种植适宜新产区的发现中发挥着重要作用。本文对浙贝母药材的资源现状、质量评价和其生态适应性研究的技术方法进行了综述,为浙贝母药材药资源保护与综合利用、生产等提供了新的思路与方法,有助于解决现阶段以浙贝母药材为代表的中药材产区退化、品质下降、产量减少等问题。
In modern society,people pay more and more attention to traditional Chinese medicine,and the quality of Chinese herbal medicine directly determines the effect. However,there is not much theoretical guidance on planting or producing as well as research on regionalization of medicinal herbs' producing areas,leading to the continuing decline of quality,yield and price. This situation results in the short supply of highquality drugs in the market,and has a direct impact to the economy and people of those medicinal herbs' planting areas. Several studies have found that the quality of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus is uneven through different areas with aging,quality difference,and other problems. Meanwhile,the ecological environment has a significant impact on the quality and output of herbal medicine. In order to solve the problem of production of high quality medicinal materials,we found that the ecological suitability research method was one of the methods to find out the better relationship between the quality of Chinese herbal medicine and environmental factors,playing an important role in Zhejiang Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus national suitability origins zoning,determination of genuine producing areas,and discovery of new suitable planting areas for medicinal materials. The resource status of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus,material quality evaluation and ecological adaptation research methods were reviewed in this paper,to provide new ideas and methods for conservation,comprehensive utilization and production of Zhejiang Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus drug resource, which is helpful to solve the present problems of production degradation,quality declining,yield reduction and other issues of Chinese herbal medicines represented by Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus.
In modern society,people pay more and more attention to traditional Chinese medicine,and the quality of Chinese herbal medicine directly determines the effect. However,there is not much theoretical guidance on planting or producing as well as research on regionalization of medicinal herbs' producing areas,leading to the continuing decline of quality,yield and price. This situation results in the short supply of highquality drugs in the market,and has a direct impact to the economy and people of those medicinal herbs' planting areas. Several studies have found that the quality of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus is uneven through different areas with aging,quality difference,and other problems. Meanwhile,the ecological environment has a significant impact on the quality and output of herbal medicine. In order to solve the problem of production of high quality medicinal materials,we found that the ecological suitability research method was one of the methods to find out the better relationship between the quality of Chinese herbal medicine and environmental factors,playing an important role in Zhejiang Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus national suitability origins zoning,determination of genuine producing areas,and discovery of new suitable planting areas for medicinal materials. The resource status of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus,material quality evaluation and ecological adaptation research methods were reviewed in this paper,to provide new ideas and methods for conservation,comprehensive utilization and production of Zhejiang Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus drug resource, which is helpful to solve the present problems of production degradation,quality declining,yield reduction and other issues of Chinese herbal medicines represented by Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus.
引文
[1]周晓龙.浙贝母产销分析[J].中国现代中药,2013,15(2):157-158.
[2]康孟利,戴永峰,俞静芬.浙贝母加工与质量安全研究进展[J].农产品加工月刊,2016(5):58-59.
[3]汪少华,乔家法.不同产地浙贝母多糖含量的比较[J].中国现代应用药学,2014,31(10):1256-1258.
[4]张彦南,陆兵,王康才,等.浙贝母主产地栽培品种与生产现状调查研究[J].中国现代中药,2012,14(10):42-45.
[5]潘金明,葛有良.浙贝母栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2013(12):221-223.
[6]肖小河,陈士林,黄璐琦,等.中国道地药材研究20年概论[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(5):323-326.
[7]陈德煜.浅析中药材产地对质量影响[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2012,10(1):80-81.
[8]袁小凤,彭三妹,李晓红,等.浙贝鳞茎及根际土中元素含量在不同产区和物候期的差异及相关性分析[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2014,38(1):5-12.
[9]张晓萌,杨筠文,孙健.浙贝母种贝室内贮藏越夏技术初探[J].浙江农业科学,2015,6(6):842-843.
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[12]水豪杰,王井玲.基于酸性磷酸脂酶和淀粉酶活性测定的浙贝母道地性研究[J].浙江中医杂志,2017,52(4):305-306.
[13]闵会,吴健,楼芳芳,等.HPLC测定浙贝母花中的贝母素甲和贝母素乙[J].华西药学杂志,2016,31(3):307-309.
[14]楼柯浪,陶倩,俞冰,等.主成分分析下磐安浙贝母鳞茎最佳采收期的研究[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2017,41(4):329-335.
[15]刘建梅.贝母生物碱组分的制备与质量评价方法建立[D].上海:华东理工大学,2014.
[16]周建良,刘伟,郭增喜,等.基于快速液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱的浙贝母特征图谱研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(17):2832-2837.
[17]陈文年,陈发军,谢玉华.融雪时间对川贝母生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(4):868-872.
[18]黄建锋,周清,戚海英,等.广东不同产地葛根中葛根素和大豆苷元的含量测定[J].广东药学院学报,2013,29(4):392-395.
[19]毛亚娟,卫海燕,尚忠慧,等.基于GIS与模糊物元模型的东北地区五味子生境适宜性评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(2):241-248.
[20]陈中坚,孙玉琴,黄天卫,等.三七栽培及其GAP研究进展[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2005,7(1):67-73.
[21]王红,霍亮.基于模糊评价的中药生长适宜性地理分析方法研究[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2014,30(2):64-72.
[22]许烨.杜仲道地性药材形成的物质基础研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[23]索风梅,丁万隆,谢彩香,等.蒙古黄芪的生态适宜性数值分析[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2010,12(3):480-485.
[24]张重义,李萍,齐辉,等.金银花道地与非道地产区地质背景及土壤理化状况分析[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(2):114-117.
[25]田宇,岳中辉,郭立波,等.北五味子生长后土壤养分、微生物及酶活性的季节动态[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2014,30(2):39-42.
[26]罗群,游春梅,官会林.环境因素对三七生长影响的分析[J].中国西部科技,2010,9(9):7-8.
[27]黄泰康.论天然药物地理学的建立与发展[C]∥中国生态学学会.全国首届新学说新观点学术讨论会(生命科学)论文集全.北京,1993.
[28]靳百慧,杨羚钰,徐玉龙,等.三七收获后不同年限土壤微生物代谢多样性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(3):284-292.
[29]张利,朱欣伟,黄泉,等.海拔对暗紫贝母生长及总生物碱含量的影响[J].四川林业科技,2016,37(2):80-83.
[30]叶加亮.浙南山区浙贝母高产栽培技术与加工方法[J].上海农业科技,2005(6):114-115.
[31]王瑀,魏建和,陈士林,等.道地药材浙贝母产地适宜性的GIS分析[J].中国现代中药,2006,8(6):4-6.
[32]高方洁,陈静,郭妙健,等.不同温度对浙贝母三种抗逆性酶的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(4):595-597.
[33]郑坚,陶正明,李林,等.不同产区浙贝母种(鳞)茎环境因子及产量研究[J].浙江农业科学,2005(5):12-15.
[34]朱寿东,张小波,黄璐琦,等.中药材区划20年---从单品种区划到区域区划[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(2):91-95.
[35]Knittelfelder O L,Kohlwein S D.Quantitative analysis of yeast phospholipids and sterols by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection[J].Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol,2017,DOI:10.1101/pdb.prot085472.
[36]程斌,吕圭源,杨雄志.不同品种浙贝母中贝母生物碱含量的比较[J].陕西中医学院学报,2016,DOI:10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2016.01.033.
[37]杜伟锋,贾永强,张焱新,等.HPLC-ELSD法同时测定浙贝母饮片硫熏前后3种有效成分的含量[J].药物分析杂志,2015(4):675-678.
[38]肖小河,刘峰群,袁海龙.中药DNA分子标识鉴定研究进展[J].中草药,2000,31(8):561.
[39]陈亚.何首乌质量评价及产地适宜区划研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2013.
[40]严辉,段金廒,孙成忠,等.基于TCMGIS的明党参产地适宜性研究[J].南京中医药大学学报,2012,28(4):363-366.
[41]Guisan A,Zimmermann N E.Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology[J].Ecol Model,2000,135(2-3):147-186.
[42]Dan L W,Glor R E,Turelli M.Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism:Quantitative approaches to niche evolution[J].Evolution,2008,62(11):2868-2883.
[43]JoséC B,AndréL A,Francisco A,et al.Biogeography and conservation of taxa from remote regions:an application of ecological-niche based models and GIS to North-African canids[J].Biol Conserv,2009,142(12):3020-3029.
[44]Adhikari D,Barik S K,Upadhaya K.Habitat distribution modelling for reintroduction of Ilex khasiana,Purk.a critically endangered tree species of northeastern India[J].Ecol Eng,2012,40(3):37-43.
[45]Evangelista P H,Kumar S,Stohlgren T J,et al.Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species[J].Divers Distributions,2008,14(5):808-817.
[46]Dermatis Z,Tsaloukidis N,Zacharopoulou G,et al.GISmapping and monitoring of health problems among the elderly[J].Stud Health Technol Informatics,2017,238:48.
[2]康孟利,戴永峰,俞静芬.浙贝母加工与质量安全研究进展[J].农产品加工月刊,2016(5):58-59.
[3]汪少华,乔家法.不同产地浙贝母多糖含量的比较[J].中国现代应用药学,2014,31(10):1256-1258.
[4]张彦南,陆兵,王康才,等.浙贝母主产地栽培品种与生产现状调查研究[J].中国现代中药,2012,14(10):42-45.
[5]潘金明,葛有良.浙贝母栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2013(12):221-223.
[6]肖小河,陈士林,黄璐琦,等.中国道地药材研究20年概论[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(5):323-326.
[7]陈德煜.浅析中药材产地对质量影响[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2012,10(1):80-81.
[8]袁小凤,彭三妹,李晓红,等.浙贝鳞茎及根际土中元素含量在不同产区和物候期的差异及相关性分析[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2014,38(1):5-12.
[9]张晓萌,杨筠文,孙健.浙贝母种贝室内贮藏越夏技术初探[J].浙江农业科学,2015,6(6):842-843.
[10]韩静.中药贝母多样性研究及其质量考察[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.
[11]汪少华,乔家法.不同产地浙贝母多糖含量的比较[J].中国现代应用药学,2014,31(10):1256-1258.
[12]水豪杰,王井玲.基于酸性磷酸脂酶和淀粉酶活性测定的浙贝母道地性研究[J].浙江中医杂志,2017,52(4):305-306.
[13]闵会,吴健,楼芳芳,等.HPLC测定浙贝母花中的贝母素甲和贝母素乙[J].华西药学杂志,2016,31(3):307-309.
[14]楼柯浪,陶倩,俞冰,等.主成分分析下磐安浙贝母鳞茎最佳采收期的研究[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2017,41(4):329-335.
[15]刘建梅.贝母生物碱组分的制备与质量评价方法建立[D].上海:华东理工大学,2014.
[16]周建良,刘伟,郭增喜,等.基于快速液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱的浙贝母特征图谱研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(17):2832-2837.
[17]陈文年,陈发军,谢玉华.融雪时间对川贝母生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(4):868-872.
[18]黄建锋,周清,戚海英,等.广东不同产地葛根中葛根素和大豆苷元的含量测定[J].广东药学院学报,2013,29(4):392-395.
[19]毛亚娟,卫海燕,尚忠慧,等.基于GIS与模糊物元模型的东北地区五味子生境适宜性评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(2):241-248.
[20]陈中坚,孙玉琴,黄天卫,等.三七栽培及其GAP研究进展[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2005,7(1):67-73.
[21]王红,霍亮.基于模糊评价的中药生长适宜性地理分析方法研究[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2014,30(2):64-72.
[22]许烨.杜仲道地性药材形成的物质基础研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[23]索风梅,丁万隆,谢彩香,等.蒙古黄芪的生态适宜性数值分析[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2010,12(3):480-485.
[24]张重义,李萍,齐辉,等.金银花道地与非道地产区地质背景及土壤理化状况分析[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(2):114-117.
[25]田宇,岳中辉,郭立波,等.北五味子生长后土壤养分、微生物及酶活性的季节动态[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2014,30(2):39-42.
[26]罗群,游春梅,官会林.环境因素对三七生长影响的分析[J].中国西部科技,2010,9(9):7-8.
[27]黄泰康.论天然药物地理学的建立与发展[C]∥中国生态学学会.全国首届新学说新观点学术讨论会(生命科学)论文集全.北京,1993.
[28]靳百慧,杨羚钰,徐玉龙,等.三七收获后不同年限土壤微生物代谢多样性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(3):284-292.
[29]张利,朱欣伟,黄泉,等.海拔对暗紫贝母生长及总生物碱含量的影响[J].四川林业科技,2016,37(2):80-83.
[30]叶加亮.浙南山区浙贝母高产栽培技术与加工方法[J].上海农业科技,2005(6):114-115.
[31]王瑀,魏建和,陈士林,等.道地药材浙贝母产地适宜性的GIS分析[J].中国现代中药,2006,8(6):4-6.
[32]高方洁,陈静,郭妙健,等.不同温度对浙贝母三种抗逆性酶的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(4):595-597.
[33]郑坚,陶正明,李林,等.不同产区浙贝母种(鳞)茎环境因子及产量研究[J].浙江农业科学,2005(5):12-15.
[34]朱寿东,张小波,黄璐琦,等.中药材区划20年---从单品种区划到区域区划[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(2):91-95.
[35]Knittelfelder O L,Kohlwein S D.Quantitative analysis of yeast phospholipids and sterols by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection[J].Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol,2017,DOI:10.1101/pdb.prot085472.
[36]程斌,吕圭源,杨雄志.不同品种浙贝母中贝母生物碱含量的比较[J].陕西中医学院学报,2016,DOI:10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2016.01.033.
[37]杜伟锋,贾永强,张焱新,等.HPLC-ELSD法同时测定浙贝母饮片硫熏前后3种有效成分的含量[J].药物分析杂志,2015(4):675-678.
[38]肖小河,刘峰群,袁海龙.中药DNA分子标识鉴定研究进展[J].中草药,2000,31(8):561.
[39]陈亚.何首乌质量评价及产地适宜区划研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2013.
[40]严辉,段金廒,孙成忠,等.基于TCMGIS的明党参产地适宜性研究[J].南京中医药大学学报,2012,28(4):363-366.
[41]Guisan A,Zimmermann N E.Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology[J].Ecol Model,2000,135(2-3):147-186.
[42]Dan L W,Glor R E,Turelli M.Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism:Quantitative approaches to niche evolution[J].Evolution,2008,62(11):2868-2883.
[43]JoséC B,AndréL A,Francisco A,et al.Biogeography and conservation of taxa from remote regions:an application of ecological-niche based models and GIS to North-African canids[J].Biol Conserv,2009,142(12):3020-3029.
[44]Adhikari D,Barik S K,Upadhaya K.Habitat distribution modelling for reintroduction of Ilex khasiana,Purk.a critically endangered tree species of northeastern India[J].Ecol Eng,2012,40(3):37-43.
[45]Evangelista P H,Kumar S,Stohlgren T J,et al.Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species[J].Divers Distributions,2008,14(5):808-817.
[46]Dermatis Z,Tsaloukidis N,Zacharopoulou G,et al.GISmapping and monitoring of health problems among the elderly[J].Stud Health Technol Informatics,2017,238:48.