新型复合微生物肥料对冬小麦生物学性状的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探讨新型复合微生物肥料对冬小麦生物学性状及生防效果的影响,为利用抗逆性强、耐存储的芽孢杆菌研发新型复合微生物肥料及其大面积应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验方式,设不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(复合肥750 kg/ha)和施用新型复合微生物肥料(施用量750 kg/ha)3个处理,分别测定不同处理越冬前和孕穗期的小麦叶面积、单株干物重和叶片叶绿素含量,并调查小麦根部孢囊线虫侵染情况、生物学性状、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】新型复合微生物肥料可在孕穗期极显著(P<0.01,下同)增加冬小麦的叶面积、单株干物重及叶片叶绿素含量,并显著提高冬小麦的次生根数、分蘖数、孕穗数、穗粒数、公顷穗数和千粒重(P<0.05,下同),但对株高和穗长无显著影响(P>0.05,下同);新型复合微生物肥料对冬小麦孢囊线虫具有较好的防效,土壤有效孢囊数量较CK极显著减少39.02%。与CK相比,施用新型复合微生物肥料的冬小麦平均显著增产44.6%,但与常规肥料处理差异不显著。【结论】底施新型复合微生物肥料不但有改善冬小麦生物学性状和增产的作用,而且对冬小麦孢囊线虫病具有一定的防效。
【Objective】The effect of new compound microbial fertilizer on biological properties and biological control effect of winter wheat was studied. It provided theoretical basis for the development of new compound microbial fertilizer and its wide application by using Bacillus sp. with strong stress resistance and storage resistance.【Method】A field experiment of three treatments was carried out in this study:no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha)and new compound microbial fertilizer(fertilization amount 750 kg/ha). The leaf areas of wheat,dry matter weight of single plant and the chlorophyll content of leaf were determined before the overwintering and during the booting period.Then,cyst nematode infection status in wheat root, biological characters,yield and yield component factors were surveyed.【Result】The new compound microbial fertilizer could extremely increase leaf area,dry matter weight per plant and chlorophyll content of winter wheat at booting stage(P<0.01,the same below),and the number of secondary roots,tillers,boots,grains per ear,ears per hectare and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat were significantly increased(P<0.05,the same below),but the plant height and ear length were not significantly affected(P>0.05,the same below). The new compound microbial fertilizer had fine control effect on wheat cyst nematode. The number of effective cysts in soil extremely decreased by 39.02% compared with the control without fertilization. Compared with CK,the average yield of wheat significantly increased by 44.6% by applying the new type of compound microbial fertilizer. But compared with the conventional fertilizer,the difference was not significant.【Conclusion】The results show that the new compound microbial fertilizer not only improves the biological character and yield of winter wheat,but also has certain control effects on the disease of wheat cyst nematode.
【Objective】The effect of new compound microbial fertilizer on biological properties and biological control effect of winter wheat was studied. It provided theoretical basis for the development of new compound microbial fertilizer and its wide application by using Bacillus sp. with strong stress resistance and storage resistance.【Method】A field experiment of three treatments was carried out in this study:no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha)and new compound microbial fertilizer(fertilization amount 750 kg/ha). The leaf areas of wheat,dry matter weight of single plant and the chlorophyll content of leaf were determined before the overwintering and during the booting period.Then,cyst nematode infection status in wheat root, biological characters,yield and yield component factors were surveyed.【Result】The new compound microbial fertilizer could extremely increase leaf area,dry matter weight per plant and chlorophyll content of winter wheat at booting stage(P<0.01,the same below),and the number of secondary roots,tillers,boots,grains per ear,ears per hectare and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat were significantly increased(P<0.05,the same below),but the plant height and ear length were not significantly affected(P>0.05,the same below). The new compound microbial fertilizer had fine control effect on wheat cyst nematode. The number of effective cysts in soil extremely decreased by 39.02% compared with the control without fertilization. Compared with CK,the average yield of wheat significantly increased by 44.6% by applying the new type of compound microbial fertilizer. But compared with the conventional fertilizer,the difference was not significant.【Conclusion】The results show that the new compound microbial fertilizer not only improves the biological character and yield of winter wheat,but also has certain control effects on the disease of wheat cyst nematode.
引文
戴亮,任珺,陶玲,李华.2012.污泥施用对土壤及小麦生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,31(2):362-368.[Dai L,Ren J,Tao L,Li H.2012.Effects of sewage sludge application on soil and physiological property of Triticum aestivum[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,31(2):362-368.]
邓有辉.2011.复合微生物肥料和聚γ-谷氨酸微胶囊制剂研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Deng Y H.2011.Study of compound microbial fertilizer and Polyγ-glutamic acid microcapsule formulation[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
丁锦峰.2013.稻茬小麦超高产群体形成机理与调控[D].扬州:扬州大学.[Ding J F.2013.Formation mechanism and regulation of super-high-yielding population in wheat following rice[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University.]
董宝婧.2013.小麦叶片逆向衰老过程中的生理表现[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学.[Dong B J.2013.The physiological performance in the inverted senescing process of wheat leaves[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University.]
冯一俭.2015.不同植物生长调节剂对大穗型小麦生长发育的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学.[Feng Y J.2015.E-ffects of different plant growth regulators on growth and development of large spike type wheat[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University.]
高亮.2014.腐植酸复合微生物肥料对蔬菜生长及土壤腐殖质组分的影响研究[J].腐植酸,(3):11-16.[Gao L.2014.Research of humic acid compound microbial fertilizers on growth of vegetables and components of soil humus[J].Humic Acid,(3):11-16.]
葛芙蓉,张培杰,张文标,徐静高,屠伟杰.2012.复合微生物肥在大棚番茄上应用效果研究[J].中国园艺文摘,(7):25-26.[Ge F R,Zhang P J,Zhang W B,Xu J G,Tu WJ.2012.Application effect of compound microbial fertilizer on tomato in greenhouse[J].Chinese Horticultural Abstract,(7):25-26.]
黄启亮,韩广泉,侯红艳,王珂,乔蓬蕾,张建梅.2015.新型微生物肥料发展现状与前景[J].现代农业科技,(3):218-220.[Huang Q L,Han G Q,Hou H Y,Wang K,Qiao P L,Zhang J M.2015.The development and prospect of new microbiological fertilizer[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(3):218-220.]
刘鹏,刘训理.2013.中国微生物肥料的研究现状及前景展望[J].农学学报,3(3):26-31.[Liu P,Liu X L.2013.Current research status and prospect of microbial fertilizer in China[J].Journal of Agriculture,3(3):26-31.]
刘小玉.2015.根际促生菌株的筛选及其复合微生物肥料的研制与肥效研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.[Liu X Y,2015.Screening of rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria and preparation of compound microbial fertilizer and its fertilizer efficiency[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.]
吕冰,范仲卿,常旭虹,王德梅,陶志强,杨玉双,张保军,赵广才.2017.施氮量对2个粒色小麦产量及加工品质的影响[J].核农学报,31(6):1192-1199.[LüB,Fan Z Q,Chang X H,Wang D M,Tao Z Q,Yang Y S,Zhang B J,Zhao G C.2017.Effects of nitrogen application amount on grain yield and processing quality with two different grain colors in wheat[D].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,31(6):1192-1199.]
乔卿梅,程茂高,王新民.2009.不同药剂处理对地黄胞囊线虫病的防效研究[J].河南科学,17(1):43-46.[Qiao QM,Cheng M G,Wang X M.2009.Effect of different nematicides on the controlling rehmannia cyst nematode[J].Henan Science,17(1):43-46.]
王茹芳,张夫道,刘秀梅,张树清,何绪生,王玉军.2005.胶结型缓释肥在小麦上应用效果的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,11(3):340-344.[Wang R F,Zhang F D,Liu XM,Zhang S Q,He X S,Wang Y J.2005.Study on the application of cemented sustained-release fertilizer on wheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,11(3):340-344.]
王旭东.2001.中国实施可持续发展战略的产业选择[D].广州:暨南大学.[Wang X D.2001.The industries choosing in the implementation of sustainable development strategy in China[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University.]
王彦飞,曹国璠.2010.不同生物肥料对辣椒产量和品质的影响研究[J].北方园艺,(17):13-15.[Wang Y F,Cao GF.2010.Influence of different biological fertilizers on the yield and quality of chili pepper[J].Northern Horticulture,(17):13-15.]
王永龙,叶华斌,阚磊.1997.小麦施用生物有机无机复合肥的增产效果[J].江苏农业科学,(2):42-43.[Wang Y L,Ye H B,Kan L.1997.Effect of application of bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizers on wheat yield increase[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(2):42-43.]
王正航,武仙山,昌小平,李润植,景蕊莲.2010.小麦旗叶叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数与产量的灰色关联度分析[J].作物学报,36(2):217-227.[Wang Z H,Wu X S,Chang X P,Li R Z,Jing R L.2010.Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters of flag leaf and their gray relational grade with yield in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,36(2):217-227.]
吴正肖.2017.复合微生物肥料研制与效果研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学.[Wu Z X.2017.Development and evaluation of compound microbial fertilizers[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University.]
张建明,夏森玉,范广璞,张六六.2016.复合微生物肥料在桃树上的应用效果[J].安徽农业科学,44(10):124-126.[Zhang J M,Xia S Y,Fan G P,Zhang L L.2016.Application of compound microbial fertilizer on peach tree[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,44(10):124-126.]
张彦,孙磊,苏群,刘勇,王立华.2015.复合微生物肥料对小油菜种子发芽及根系生长的影响[J].现代农业科技,(20):19.[Zhang Y,Sun L,Su Q,Liu Y,Wang L H.2015.Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on germination rate and root growth of edible rape[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(20):19.]
赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,周顺利,廖树华,王璞.2013.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响[J].作物学报,39(2):300-308.[Zhao J,Zheng Z F,Fang YR,Zhou S L,Liao S H,Wang P.2013.Effects of dry matter accumulation characteristics on yield of winter wheat analyzed by dynamic simulation model[J].Acta A-gronomica Sinica,39(2):300-308.]
赵买琼.2015.高效解磷菌株的筛选及其复合微生物肥料的研制与肥效研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.[Zhao M Q.2015.Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing strains and development of the compound microbial fertilizers[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.]
祝志钢,蔡正宏.2013.新型复合微生物肥在小麦生产上的应用效果分析[J].上海农业科技,(2):87-88.[Zhu Z G,Cai Z H.2013.Analysis of the application of new compound microbial fertilizer in wheat production[J].Shanghai A-gricultural Science and Technology,(2):87-88.]
Wang B B,Yuan J,Zhang J,Shen Z Z,Zhang M X,Li R,Ruan Y Z,Shen Q R.2013.Effects of novel bioorganic fertilizer produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W19 on antagonism of Fusarium wilt of banana[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,49(4):435-446.
邓有辉.2011.复合微生物肥料和聚γ-谷氨酸微胶囊制剂研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Deng Y H.2011.Study of compound microbial fertilizer and Polyγ-glutamic acid microcapsule formulation[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
丁锦峰.2013.稻茬小麦超高产群体形成机理与调控[D].扬州:扬州大学.[Ding J F.2013.Formation mechanism and regulation of super-high-yielding population in wheat following rice[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University.]
董宝婧.2013.小麦叶片逆向衰老过程中的生理表现[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学.[Dong B J.2013.The physiological performance in the inverted senescing process of wheat leaves[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University.]
冯一俭.2015.不同植物生长调节剂对大穗型小麦生长发育的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学.[Feng Y J.2015.E-ffects of different plant growth regulators on growth and development of large spike type wheat[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University.]
高亮.2014.腐植酸复合微生物肥料对蔬菜生长及土壤腐殖质组分的影响研究[J].腐植酸,(3):11-16.[Gao L.2014.Research of humic acid compound microbial fertilizers on growth of vegetables and components of soil humus[J].Humic Acid,(3):11-16.]
葛芙蓉,张培杰,张文标,徐静高,屠伟杰.2012.复合微生物肥在大棚番茄上应用效果研究[J].中国园艺文摘,(7):25-26.[Ge F R,Zhang P J,Zhang W B,Xu J G,Tu WJ.2012.Application effect of compound microbial fertilizer on tomato in greenhouse[J].Chinese Horticultural Abstract,(7):25-26.]
黄启亮,韩广泉,侯红艳,王珂,乔蓬蕾,张建梅.2015.新型微生物肥料发展现状与前景[J].现代农业科技,(3):218-220.[Huang Q L,Han G Q,Hou H Y,Wang K,Qiao P L,Zhang J M.2015.The development and prospect of new microbiological fertilizer[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(3):218-220.]
刘鹏,刘训理.2013.中国微生物肥料的研究现状及前景展望[J].农学学报,3(3):26-31.[Liu P,Liu X L.2013.Current research status and prospect of microbial fertilizer in China[J].Journal of Agriculture,3(3):26-31.]
刘小玉.2015.根际促生菌株的筛选及其复合微生物肥料的研制与肥效研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.[Liu X Y,2015.Screening of rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria and preparation of compound microbial fertilizer and its fertilizer efficiency[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.]
吕冰,范仲卿,常旭虹,王德梅,陶志强,杨玉双,张保军,赵广才.2017.施氮量对2个粒色小麦产量及加工品质的影响[J].核农学报,31(6):1192-1199.[LüB,Fan Z Q,Chang X H,Wang D M,Tao Z Q,Yang Y S,Zhang B J,Zhao G C.2017.Effects of nitrogen application amount on grain yield and processing quality with two different grain colors in wheat[D].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,31(6):1192-1199.]
乔卿梅,程茂高,王新民.2009.不同药剂处理对地黄胞囊线虫病的防效研究[J].河南科学,17(1):43-46.[Qiao QM,Cheng M G,Wang X M.2009.Effect of different nematicides on the controlling rehmannia cyst nematode[J].Henan Science,17(1):43-46.]
王茹芳,张夫道,刘秀梅,张树清,何绪生,王玉军.2005.胶结型缓释肥在小麦上应用效果的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,11(3):340-344.[Wang R F,Zhang F D,Liu XM,Zhang S Q,He X S,Wang Y J.2005.Study on the application of cemented sustained-release fertilizer on wheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,11(3):340-344.]
王旭东.2001.中国实施可持续发展战略的产业选择[D].广州:暨南大学.[Wang X D.2001.The industries choosing in the implementation of sustainable development strategy in China[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University.]
王彦飞,曹国璠.2010.不同生物肥料对辣椒产量和品质的影响研究[J].北方园艺,(17):13-15.[Wang Y F,Cao GF.2010.Influence of different biological fertilizers on the yield and quality of chili pepper[J].Northern Horticulture,(17):13-15.]
王永龙,叶华斌,阚磊.1997.小麦施用生物有机无机复合肥的增产效果[J].江苏农业科学,(2):42-43.[Wang Y L,Ye H B,Kan L.1997.Effect of application of bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizers on wheat yield increase[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(2):42-43.]
王正航,武仙山,昌小平,李润植,景蕊莲.2010.小麦旗叶叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数与产量的灰色关联度分析[J].作物学报,36(2):217-227.[Wang Z H,Wu X S,Chang X P,Li R Z,Jing R L.2010.Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters of flag leaf and their gray relational grade with yield in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,36(2):217-227.]
吴正肖.2017.复合微生物肥料研制与效果研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学.[Wu Z X.2017.Development and evaluation of compound microbial fertilizers[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University.]
张建明,夏森玉,范广璞,张六六.2016.复合微生物肥料在桃树上的应用效果[J].安徽农业科学,44(10):124-126.[Zhang J M,Xia S Y,Fan G P,Zhang L L.2016.Application of compound microbial fertilizer on peach tree[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,44(10):124-126.]
张彦,孙磊,苏群,刘勇,王立华.2015.复合微生物肥料对小油菜种子发芽及根系生长的影响[J].现代农业科技,(20):19.[Zhang Y,Sun L,Su Q,Liu Y,Wang L H.2015.Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on germination rate and root growth of edible rape[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(20):19.]
赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,周顺利,廖树华,王璞.2013.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响[J].作物学报,39(2):300-308.[Zhao J,Zheng Z F,Fang YR,Zhou S L,Liao S H,Wang P.2013.Effects of dry matter accumulation characteristics on yield of winter wheat analyzed by dynamic simulation model[J].Acta A-gronomica Sinica,39(2):300-308.]
赵买琼.2015.高效解磷菌株的筛选及其复合微生物肥料的研制与肥效研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.[Zhao M Q.2015.Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing strains and development of the compound microbial fertilizers[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.]
祝志钢,蔡正宏.2013.新型复合微生物肥在小麦生产上的应用效果分析[J].上海农业科技,(2):87-88.[Zhu Z G,Cai Z H.2013.Analysis of the application of new compound microbial fertilizer in wheat production[J].Shanghai A-gricultural Science and Technology,(2):87-88.]
Wang B B,Yuan J,Zhang J,Shen Z Z,Zhang M X,Li R,Ruan Y Z,Shen Q R.2013.Effects of novel bioorganic fertilizer produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W19 on antagonism of Fusarium wilt of banana[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,49(4):435-446.