微建筑视角的山石雕塑艺术:现代庭园造景的一种方法
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摘要
有别于欧洲古典园林酷爱使用雕塑作为一个重要景观元素,中国庭园的设计往往更擅于充分利用和排布自然石材而形成景致。中国庭园热衷于山石造景,其原因大致有二:其一,人们对石材的特殊感情;其二,开放空间在中国私家园林中所扮演的角色。从寓言故事,到诗歌文学,再到民俗文化,始终有一条清晰的逻辑线,即汉民族基于自然石的崇拜。庭园造景常常将西方雕塑手法与中国山石意境融为一体,这实际上是20世纪以来中西方艺术与设计语言对话的一个结果。从微建筑这一视角,有助于强化现代空间设计的语言风格,将山石雕塑归结为一个相对独立的空间整体。从微建筑视角来分析山石雕塑语言,可以创造出一系列设计准则,使作为景观构筑物的山石通过排列组合、植物配比、简层浮雕等手段,营造出微型"理想境"来取代原来直观、具象的雕塑形式,这也是现代设计观念下庭园造景的一种新方法。
Instead of sculpture in western garden,most of the Chinese garden designer prefer to arrange stones in the garden on history,while independent sculptures were only frequently placed in temple garden,cemetery and altar of palace. It can be analysed from two directions,the special emotion for stones,and the characters of open space for Chinese private garden. From fiction to poetry,then to folk,there are many social factors determine the Chinese people worship of natural stone. Additionally,private open space design need to follow a series of rules,then it created the reality—replaced sculptures with stones,and only use a few embossment as decoration attach to landscape,which become a major feature in ancient Chinese private gardens.
Instead of sculpture in western garden,most of the Chinese garden designer prefer to arrange stones in the garden on history,while independent sculptures were only frequently placed in temple garden,cemetery and altar of palace. It can be analysed from two directions,the special emotion for stones,and the characters of open space for Chinese private garden. From fiction to poetry,then to folk,there are many social factors determine the Chinese people worship of natural stone. Additionally,private open space design need to follow a series of rules,then it created the reality—replaced sculptures with stones,and only use a few embossment as decoration attach to landscape,which become a major feature in ancient Chinese private gardens.
引文
[1]张云涛.试论潭拓寺宗教与传承[A].北京学研究文集2009[C].北京:同心出版社,2009.
(1)康熙《观苗无意到潭拓咏时景》:“昼永熏风至,清泉决决长。芳年添景色,迟日换流光。旧竹添堤发,新花满涧香。观苗不觉晚,微雨点衣裳。”
(1)康熙《观苗无意到潭拓咏时景》:“昼永熏风至,清泉决决长。芳年添景色,迟日换流光。旧竹添堤发,新花满涧香。观苗不觉晚,微雨点衣裳。”