氮素后移对长江上游机插杂交籼稻库源性状、干物质积累及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】探明机插杂交籼稻库源关系、干物质生产对氮素后移的响应及其与产量的关系。【方法】以三系杂交水稻渝香203和渝优7109为材料,设置常规施氮处理N_1、不同氮素后移处理N_2、N_3、N_4和对照处理CK,比较叶面积指数(LAI)、粒叶比、干物质积累及其与产量的关系。【结果】较CK处理,施氮处理提高了有效穗数和穗粒数,产量增加。不同氮素处理产量高低顺序为N_4>N_3>N_1>N_2。较N_1处理,不同氮素后移降低了抽穗期LAI,渝优7109的N_4处理降幅达显著水平。较N_1处理,氮素后移处理(N_4)增加渝香203颖花叶比、实粒叶比和粒重叶比分别为10.2%、25.0%和29.3%,增加渝优7109分别为17.4%、18.5%和19.2%。较N_1处理,氮素后移处理(N_4)花前干物质积累量较低,而花后干物质积累和作物生长速率明显增加,群体花后光合优势明显,生物产量显著提高。【结论】氮素后移处理(N_4)通过适度减小机插杂交籼稻花前物质生产而增加花后作物生长速率和生物产量,提高粒叶比,在一定有效穗基础上增加了每穗粒数,从而增加了产量。
[Purpose]To determine the sink source characteristics, dry matter accumulation of machine-transplanted hybrid indica rice as affected by delayed nitrogen(N) fertilizer applications and its relationship with grain yield. [Method]Field experiments, control treatment(CK), conventional fertilization(N_1) and delayed nitrogen fertilizer application(N_2, N_3, N_4) were conducted by using two hybrid indica rice varieties Yuxiang 203 and Yuyou 7109 under machine-transplantation condition.Grain yield, leaf area index(LAI), grain-leaf ratio, dry matter accumulation and crops growth rate were measured in this study. [Results] Compared with CK, N fertilizer treatments significantly increased panicles and spikelets per panicle, and consequently improved grain yield. The grain yield of different N fertilizer treatments showed that N_4>N_3>N_1>N_2. Compared with N_1, delayed N fertilizer applications decreased LAI in heading stage, and with significant reduction of LAI for Yuyou 7109.Compared with N_1, ratio of spikelet number to leaf area, ratio of filled grain number to leaf area and ratio of grain weight to leaf area of delayed N fertilizer applications(N_4) were increased by 10.2%,25.0% and 29.3% for Yuxiang 203, and by 17.4%, 18.5% and 19.2% for Yuyou 7109, respectively.Compared with N_1, delayed N fertilizer applications(N_4) lowered dry matter accumulation before flowering, but increased biomass production and photosynthetic material production quite higher after flowering, which owed to higher crop growth rate after flowering. [Conclusion]Delayed N fertilizer applications(N_4) controlled biomass production before flowering, increased crop growth rate and dry mater accumulation after flowering, improved grain-leaf ratio, increased spikelets per panicle, and thus, improved grain yield of machine-transplanted hybrid indica rice.
[Purpose]To determine the sink source characteristics, dry matter accumulation of machine-transplanted hybrid indica rice as affected by delayed nitrogen(N) fertilizer applications and its relationship with grain yield. [Method]Field experiments, control treatment(CK), conventional fertilization(N_1) and delayed nitrogen fertilizer application(N_2, N_3, N_4) were conducted by using two hybrid indica rice varieties Yuxiang 203 and Yuyou 7109 under machine-transplantation condition.Grain yield, leaf area index(LAI), grain-leaf ratio, dry matter accumulation and crops growth rate were measured in this study. [Results] Compared with CK, N fertilizer treatments significantly increased panicles and spikelets per panicle, and consequently improved grain yield. The grain yield of different N fertilizer treatments showed that N_4>N_3>N_1>N_2. Compared with N_1, delayed N fertilizer applications decreased LAI in heading stage, and with significant reduction of LAI for Yuyou 7109.Compared with N_1, ratio of spikelet number to leaf area, ratio of filled grain number to leaf area and ratio of grain weight to leaf area of delayed N fertilizer applications(N_4) were increased by 10.2%,25.0% and 29.3% for Yuxiang 203, and by 17.4%, 18.5% and 19.2% for Yuyou 7109, respectively.Compared with N_1, delayed N fertilizer applications(N_4) lowered dry matter accumulation before flowering, but increased biomass production and photosynthetic material production quite higher after flowering, which owed to higher crop growth rate after flowering. [Conclusion]Delayed N fertilizer applications(N_4) controlled biomass production before flowering, increased crop growth rate and dry mater accumulation after flowering, improved grain-leaf ratio, increased spikelets per panicle, and thus, improved grain yield of machine-transplanted hybrid indica rice.
引文
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[18]胡雅杰,朱大伟,钱海军,等.籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):2016.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02016.
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[22]马均,朱庆森,马文波,等.重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(4):375.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2003.04.004.
[2]李经勇,唐永群,姚雄,等.一种机插秧稀泥育秧方法:201510443059.2[P].2015-11-04.
[3]杜永林,缪学宽,李刚华,等.江苏机插水稻大面积均衡增产共性特征分析[J].作物学报,2014,40(12):2183.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02183.
[4]曹显祖,朱庆森.水稻品种的库源特征及其类型划分的研究[J].作物学报,1987,13(4):265.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.1987.04.001.
[5]吴文革,习敏,许有尊,等.籼粳交组合甬优1540钵育机插超高产的产量构成及其群体光合特征[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,38(1):73.DOI:10.16872/j.cnki.1671-4652.2017.01.015.
[6]陈温福,徐正进,张龙步.北方粳型超级稻育种的理论与方法[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36:3.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2005.01.001.
[7]程式华,曹立勇,陈深广,等.后期功能型超级杂交稻的概念及生物学意义[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(3):280.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7216.2005.03.014.
[8]马文波,马均,明东风,等.不同穗重型水稻品种剑叶光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):236.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2003.02.013.
[9]罗德强,王绍华,江学海,等.精确定量施肥对贵州高原山区杂交籼稻产量与群体质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(11):2099.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.11.004.
[10]姚雄,任万军,胡剑锋,等.稻油两熟区机插水稻的适宜秧龄与品种鉴选研究[J].杂交水稻,2009,24(5):43.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3956.2009.05.017.
[11]吴晓然,张巫军,伍龙梅,等.超级杂交籼稻抗倒能力比较及其对氮素的响应[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(14):2705.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.14.003.
[12]ZHANG W J,WU L M,WU X R,et al.Lodging resistance of japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.):morphological and anatomical traits due to top-dressing nitrogen application rates[J].Rice,2016,9(1):31.DOI:10.1186/s12284-016-0103-8.
[13]LI G H,ZHANG J,DING Y F,et al.Population characteristics of high-yielding rice under different densities[J].Agronomy Journal,2016,108(4):1415.DOI:10.2134/agronj2015.0214.
[14]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨[J].中国农业科学,1993,26(6):1.
[15]凌启鸿,张洪程,丁艳锋,等.水稻高产技术的新发展-精确定量栽培[J].中国稻米,2005(1):3.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2005.01.002.
[16]李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,等.不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2234.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.11.004.
[17]胡雅杰,邢志鹏,龚金龙,等.钵苗机插水稻群体动态特征及高产形成机制的探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(5):865.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.004.
[18]胡雅杰,朱大伟,钱海军,等.籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):2016.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02016.
[19]LI Y X,HE Z H,LI X C,et al.Quality and field growth characteristics of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings[J].Agronomy Journal,2016,108(4):1.DOI:10.2134/agronj-2015.0605.
[20]姜元华,张洪程,赵可,等.长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(6):621.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2014.06.008.
[21]戚昌瀚.水稻品种的库源关系与调节对策简论[J].江西农业大学学报,1993,15(3):1.
[22]马均,朱庆森,马文波,等.重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(4):375.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2003.04.004.