植物乳杆菌WW对高脂血症大鼠体脂的影响
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摘要
为了研究植物乳杆菌WW(Lactobacillus plantarum WW)对高脂血症大鼠体脂的影响,将32只5周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(A)喂食基础饲料+无菌水、高脂模型组(B)饲喂高脂饲料+无菌水、脱脂乳对照组(C)饲喂高脂饲料+无菌脱脂乳、菌液干预组(D)饲喂高脂饲料+菌悬液(1×10~(10) CFU/mL),灌胃量为10 mL/kg m_b,12周后测定相关指标。结果显示:4组大鼠肾脏、脾脏和心脏指数差异不显著(P>0.05),而B组和C组肝脏指数显著高于A组和D组(P<0.05),说明L. plantarum WW无毒副作用,并且能够减少脂肪在肝脏的堆积;B组血清和肝脏血脂水平显著高于A组(P<0.05),说明造模成功;与B组相比,D组血清和肝脏各指标水平显著降低(P<0.05),粪便中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆汁酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),说明L. plantarum WW能够促进胆固醇的排泄,进而降低大鼠体内胆固醇。这些结果表明植物乳杆菌WW可能是缓解高脂血症并用于功能性食品的潜在益生菌。
This research was undertaken in order to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum WW on lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic rats. A total of 32 SD male rats(5 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control(A);high-fat diet model(B), skim milk control(C), and bacterial suspension intervention(D). The rats in group A were fed a normal diet plus sterile water, while those in the remaining groups were fed a high-fat diet plus sterile water, sterile skim milk and the bacterial suspension of this strain(1 ×10~(10) CFU/mL), respectively. The volume of intragastric administration was 10 mL/kg m_b. After the 12-week experimental period, serum, tissue and fecal samples were collected for measurement of lipid profiles. The results showed that there was no significant difference in kidney, spleen or heart indexes among the four groups(P > 0.05). Liver index was significantly higher in group B and C than in group A and D(P < 0.05), indicating that L. plantarum WW was safe without toxic side effect and could reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver. Serum and liver lipid levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P < 0.05), indicating that the hyperlipidemic rat model was successfully established. Compared with group B, serum and liver lipid levels in group D significantly decreased(P < 0.05), while total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG) and total bile acid(TBA) in feces increased significantly(P < 0.05).Therefore, L. plantarum WW can promote the excretion of cholesterol, and consequently reduce cholesterol in rats. This strain can be used as a potential probiotic in alleviating hyperlipidemia and functional foods.
This research was undertaken in order to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum WW on lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic rats. A total of 32 SD male rats(5 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control(A);high-fat diet model(B), skim milk control(C), and bacterial suspension intervention(D). The rats in group A were fed a normal diet plus sterile water, while those in the remaining groups were fed a high-fat diet plus sterile water, sterile skim milk and the bacterial suspension of this strain(1 ×10~(10) CFU/mL), respectively. The volume of intragastric administration was 10 mL/kg m_b. After the 12-week experimental period, serum, tissue and fecal samples were collected for measurement of lipid profiles. The results showed that there was no significant difference in kidney, spleen or heart indexes among the four groups(P > 0.05). Liver index was significantly higher in group B and C than in group A and D(P < 0.05), indicating that L. plantarum WW was safe without toxic side effect and could reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver. Serum and liver lipid levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P < 0.05), indicating that the hyperlipidemic rat model was successfully established. Compared with group B, serum and liver lipid levels in group D significantly decreased(P < 0.05), while total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG) and total bile acid(TBA) in feces increased significantly(P < 0.05).Therefore, L. plantarum WW can promote the excretion of cholesterol, and consequently reduce cholesterol in rats. This strain can be used as a potential probiotic in alleviating hyperlipidemia and functional foods.
引文
[1]PEREIRA D I A,GIBSON G R.Effects of consumption of probiotics and prebiotics on serum lipid levels in humans[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,2002,37(4):259-281.DOI:10.1080/10409230290771519.
[2]王俊国,孟和毕力格,包秋华,等.植物乳杆菌LIP-1对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(2):6-12.DOI:10.16429/j.1009-7848.2013.02.002.
[3]AL-SHERAJI S H,ISMAIL A,MANAP M Y,et al.Hypocholesterolaemic effect of yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 or Bifidobacterium longum BB536[J].Food Chemistry,2012,135(2):356-361.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.120.
[4]齐炳理,张兴昌,孙婷,等.植物乳杆菌发酵乳对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(20):17-19.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2015.20.005.
[5]程秀芳,刘虹,王丛丛,等.合生元对高脂大鼠模型降脂作用研究[J].药学研究,2013,32(3):138-141.DOI:10.13506/j.cnki.jpr.2013.03.018.
[6]AHMED R M,ELSANHOTY R M,AL-SAMAN A A,et al.Hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic yogurt enriched with barleyβ-glucan in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet[J].Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition&Metabolism,2017,10(1):1-12.DOI:10.3233/MNM-16114.
[7]LE BLANC J G,GARRO M S,SILVESTRONI A,et al.Reduction of alpha-galactooligosaccharides in soyamilk by Lactobacillus fermentum CRL722:in vitro and in vivo evaluation of fermented soymilk[J].Journal of Applied Microbilogy,2004,97(4):876-881.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02389.
[8]MANSON J E,TOSTESON H,RIDKER P M,et al.The primary prevention of myocardial infarction[J].European Journal of Haematology,1981,25(Suppl 38):1406-1416.DOI:10.1056/NEJM199205213262107.
[9]YUNGLIANG C,WU L Y,TSUNGCHENG L,et al.Cholesterollowering effect of phytosterol-containing lactic-fermented milk powder in hamsters[J].Food Chemistry,2010,119(3):1121-1126.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.023.
[10]IAA E G,ELSAYED E M,HAFEZ S A,et al.The hypocholesterolaemic effect of milk yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing bifidobacteria in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet[J].International Dairy Journal,2005,15(1):37-44.DOI:10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.06.001.
[11]PEREIRA D I A,GIBSON G R.Effects of consumption of probiotics and prebiotics on serum lipid levels in humans[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,2002,37(4):259-281.DOI:10.1080/10409230290771519.
[12]LORA K R,MORSE K L,GONZALEZ-KRUGER G E,et al.High saturated fat and cholesterol intakes and abnormal plasma lipid concentrations observed in a group of 4-to 8-year-old children of Latino immigrants in rural Nebraska[J].Nutrition Research,2007,27(8):483-491.DOI:10.1016/j.nutres.2007.06.006.
[13]THEUWISSEN E,MENSINK R P.Water-soluble dietary fibers and cardiovascular disease[J].Physiology&Behavior,2008,94(2):285-292.DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.001.
[14]SCHAAFSMA G,MEULING W J,VAN DOKKUM W,et al.Effects of a milk product fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and with fructo-oligosaccharides added on blood lipids in male volunteers[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1998,52(6):436-440.DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600583.
[15]KIM S J,PARK S H,SIN H S,et al.Hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotic mixture on diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats[J].Nutrients,2017,9(3):293.DOI:10.3390/nu9030293.
[16]LYE H S,KATO T,LOW W Y,et al.Lactobacillus fermentum FTDC8312 combats hypercholesterolemia via alteration of gut microbiota[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2017,262:75-83.DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.007.
[17]DING Wurong,SHI Chao,CHEN Ming,et al.Screening for lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented Tibetan yak milk and evaluating their probiotic and cholesterol-lowering potentials in rats fed a highcholesterol diet[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,32:324-332.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.021.
[18]WASSENAAR T M,KLEIN G.Safety aspects and implications of regulation of probiotic bacteria in food and food supplements[J].Journal of Food Protection,2008,71(8):1734-1741.DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-71.8.1734.
[19]HU Xu,WANG Tao,LI Wei,et al.Effects of NS lactobacillus strains on lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet[J].Lipids in Health and Disease,2013,12(1):67.DOI:10.1186/1476-511X-12-67.
[20]HUANG Y,WANG X,WANG J,et al.Lactobacillus plantarum strains as potential probiotic cultures with cholesterol-lowering activity[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(5):2746-2753.DOI:10.3168/jds.2012-6123.
[21]NGUYEN T D T,KANG J H,LEE M S.Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum PH04,a potential probiotic bacterium with choles-terol-lowering effects[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2007,113(3):358-361.DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.08.015.
[22]胡梦坤,岳喜庆.植物乳杆菌LP1103的筛选及其降胆固醇作用机理的研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(6):226-229.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2008.06.046.
[23]张健,黄翠姬,刘昭明,等.植物乳杆菌L01对高脂血症大鼠的降胆固醇功效[J].食品科技,2016,41(4):35-39.DOI:10.13684/j.cnki.spkj.2016.04.007.
[24]LI Chuan,NIE Shaoping,DING Qiao,et al.Cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 in a hyperlipidaemic rat model[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2014,8:340-347.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.031.
[25]ZHANG X L,WU Y F,WANG Y S,et al.The protective effects of probiotic-fermented soymilk on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and liver injury[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,30:220-227.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.002.
[26]张晓磊.益生菌发酵豆乳对高脂饮食小鼠降血脂及缓解肝损伤作用[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2016:27.
[27]NAGAO T,KOMINE Y,SOGA S,et al.Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehydemodified LDL in men[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2005,81(1):122-129.DOI:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.122.
[28]MANDIMIKA T,PATURI G,DE GUZMAN C E,et al.Effects of dietary broccoli fibre and corn oil on serum lipids,faecal bile acid excretion and hepatic gene expression in rats[J].Food Chemistry,2012,131(4):1272-1278.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.117.
[29]张晓磊,武岩峰,朴春红,等.益生菌发酵豆乳对高脂血症小鼠降血脂及肝损伤缓解的作用[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(5):1-8.DOI:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2016.5.01.
[30]康莉娜,马婷婷,赵珮,等.黄参茎叶多酚对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[J].现代食品科技,2015,31(3):18-23.DOI:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2015.3.004.
[31]郭均.降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及其体内降胆固醇作用[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016:51.
[32]ROSS R.The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis:a perspective for the1990s[J].Nature,1993,362:801-809.DOI:10.1038/362801a0.
[33]GUO J,BEI W,HU Y,et al.A new TCM formula FTZ lowers serum cholesterol by regulating HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2011,135(2):299-307.DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.012.
[34]BAO Yan,WANG Zhanli,ZHANG Yong,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rat model[J].European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,2012,114(11):1230-1236.DOI:10.1002/ejlt.201100393.
[35]丁盼盼,丁轲,余祖华,等.降胆固醇乳酸杆菌的筛选及对小鼠血清胆固醇的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(15):192-197.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201615032.
[36]SATAPATHY S K,OCHANI M,DANCHO M,et al.Galantamine alleviates inflammation and other obesity-associated complications in high-fat diet-fed mice[J].Molecular Medicine,2011,17(7/8):599-606.DOI:10.2119/molmed.2011.00083.
[37]HUANG Ying,WU Fei,WANG Xiaojun,et al.Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp27 isolated from Tibetan kefir grains:a potential probiotic bacterium with cholesterol-lowering effects[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(5):2816-2825.DOI:10.3168/jds.2012-6371.
[2]王俊国,孟和毕力格,包秋华,等.植物乳杆菌LIP-1对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(2):6-12.DOI:10.16429/j.1009-7848.2013.02.002.
[3]AL-SHERAJI S H,ISMAIL A,MANAP M Y,et al.Hypocholesterolaemic effect of yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 or Bifidobacterium longum BB536[J].Food Chemistry,2012,135(2):356-361.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.120.
[4]齐炳理,张兴昌,孙婷,等.植物乳杆菌发酵乳对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(20):17-19.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2015.20.005.
[5]程秀芳,刘虹,王丛丛,等.合生元对高脂大鼠模型降脂作用研究[J].药学研究,2013,32(3):138-141.DOI:10.13506/j.cnki.jpr.2013.03.018.
[6]AHMED R M,ELSANHOTY R M,AL-SAMAN A A,et al.Hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic yogurt enriched with barleyβ-glucan in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet[J].Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition&Metabolism,2017,10(1):1-12.DOI:10.3233/MNM-16114.
[7]LE BLANC J G,GARRO M S,SILVESTRONI A,et al.Reduction of alpha-galactooligosaccharides in soyamilk by Lactobacillus fermentum CRL722:in vitro and in vivo evaluation of fermented soymilk[J].Journal of Applied Microbilogy,2004,97(4):876-881.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02389.
[8]MANSON J E,TOSTESON H,RIDKER P M,et al.The primary prevention of myocardial infarction[J].European Journal of Haematology,1981,25(Suppl 38):1406-1416.DOI:10.1056/NEJM199205213262107.
[9]YUNGLIANG C,WU L Y,TSUNGCHENG L,et al.Cholesterollowering effect of phytosterol-containing lactic-fermented milk powder in hamsters[J].Food Chemistry,2010,119(3):1121-1126.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.023.
[10]IAA E G,ELSAYED E M,HAFEZ S A,et al.The hypocholesterolaemic effect of milk yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing bifidobacteria in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet[J].International Dairy Journal,2005,15(1):37-44.DOI:10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.06.001.
[11]PEREIRA D I A,GIBSON G R.Effects of consumption of probiotics and prebiotics on serum lipid levels in humans[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,2002,37(4):259-281.DOI:10.1080/10409230290771519.
[12]LORA K R,MORSE K L,GONZALEZ-KRUGER G E,et al.High saturated fat and cholesterol intakes and abnormal plasma lipid concentrations observed in a group of 4-to 8-year-old children of Latino immigrants in rural Nebraska[J].Nutrition Research,2007,27(8):483-491.DOI:10.1016/j.nutres.2007.06.006.
[13]THEUWISSEN E,MENSINK R P.Water-soluble dietary fibers and cardiovascular disease[J].Physiology&Behavior,2008,94(2):285-292.DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.001.
[14]SCHAAFSMA G,MEULING W J,VAN DOKKUM W,et al.Effects of a milk product fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and with fructo-oligosaccharides added on blood lipids in male volunteers[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1998,52(6):436-440.DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600583.
[15]KIM S J,PARK S H,SIN H S,et al.Hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotic mixture on diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats[J].Nutrients,2017,9(3):293.DOI:10.3390/nu9030293.
[16]LYE H S,KATO T,LOW W Y,et al.Lactobacillus fermentum FTDC8312 combats hypercholesterolemia via alteration of gut microbiota[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2017,262:75-83.DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.007.
[17]DING Wurong,SHI Chao,CHEN Ming,et al.Screening for lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented Tibetan yak milk and evaluating their probiotic and cholesterol-lowering potentials in rats fed a highcholesterol diet[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,32:324-332.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.021.
[18]WASSENAAR T M,KLEIN G.Safety aspects and implications of regulation of probiotic bacteria in food and food supplements[J].Journal of Food Protection,2008,71(8):1734-1741.DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-71.8.1734.
[19]HU Xu,WANG Tao,LI Wei,et al.Effects of NS lactobacillus strains on lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet[J].Lipids in Health and Disease,2013,12(1):67.DOI:10.1186/1476-511X-12-67.
[20]HUANG Y,WANG X,WANG J,et al.Lactobacillus plantarum strains as potential probiotic cultures with cholesterol-lowering activity[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(5):2746-2753.DOI:10.3168/jds.2012-6123.
[21]NGUYEN T D T,KANG J H,LEE M S.Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum PH04,a potential probiotic bacterium with choles-terol-lowering effects[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2007,113(3):358-361.DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.08.015.
[22]胡梦坤,岳喜庆.植物乳杆菌LP1103的筛选及其降胆固醇作用机理的研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(6):226-229.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2008.06.046.
[23]张健,黄翠姬,刘昭明,等.植物乳杆菌L01对高脂血症大鼠的降胆固醇功效[J].食品科技,2016,41(4):35-39.DOI:10.13684/j.cnki.spkj.2016.04.007.
[24]LI Chuan,NIE Shaoping,DING Qiao,et al.Cholesterol-lowering effect of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 in a hyperlipidaemic rat model[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2014,8:340-347.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.031.
[25]ZHANG X L,WU Y F,WANG Y S,et al.The protective effects of probiotic-fermented soymilk on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and liver injury[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,30:220-227.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.002.
[26]张晓磊.益生菌发酵豆乳对高脂饮食小鼠降血脂及缓解肝损伤作用[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2016:27.
[27]NAGAO T,KOMINE Y,SOGA S,et al.Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehydemodified LDL in men[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2005,81(1):122-129.DOI:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.122.
[28]MANDIMIKA T,PATURI G,DE GUZMAN C E,et al.Effects of dietary broccoli fibre and corn oil on serum lipids,faecal bile acid excretion and hepatic gene expression in rats[J].Food Chemistry,2012,131(4):1272-1278.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.117.
[29]张晓磊,武岩峰,朴春红,等.益生菌发酵豆乳对高脂血症小鼠降血脂及肝损伤缓解的作用[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(5):1-8.DOI:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2016.5.01.
[30]康莉娜,马婷婷,赵珮,等.黄参茎叶多酚对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[J].现代食品科技,2015,31(3):18-23.DOI:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2015.3.004.
[31]郭均.降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及其体内降胆固醇作用[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016:51.
[32]ROSS R.The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis:a perspective for the1990s[J].Nature,1993,362:801-809.DOI:10.1038/362801a0.
[33]GUO J,BEI W,HU Y,et al.A new TCM formula FTZ lowers serum cholesterol by regulating HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2011,135(2):299-307.DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.012.
[34]BAO Yan,WANG Zhanli,ZHANG Yong,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rat model[J].European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,2012,114(11):1230-1236.DOI:10.1002/ejlt.201100393.
[35]丁盼盼,丁轲,余祖华,等.降胆固醇乳酸杆菌的筛选及对小鼠血清胆固醇的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(15):192-197.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201615032.
[36]SATAPATHY S K,OCHANI M,DANCHO M,et al.Galantamine alleviates inflammation and other obesity-associated complications in high-fat diet-fed mice[J].Molecular Medicine,2011,17(7/8):599-606.DOI:10.2119/molmed.2011.00083.
[37]HUANG Ying,WU Fei,WANG Xiaojun,et al.Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp27 isolated from Tibetan kefir grains:a potential probiotic bacterium with cholesterol-lowering effects[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(5):2816-2825.DOI:10.3168/jds.2012-6371.