山东省农业源氨排放清单研究
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摘要
为建立山东省农业源氨排放清单,根据《山东统计年鉴2016》数据,采用排放因子法估算了山东省2015年农业源氨排放清单。结果表明,山东省2015年农业源氨排放量为105.831万t,排放强度为6.71 t·km~(-2)。畜禽养殖是最大的排放源,排放量为68.673万t,占总排放量的64.89%,猪和家禽是畜禽养殖排放量的最大贡献源,两者占畜禽养殖排放量的72.88%;其次是氮肥施用,排放量为30.835万t,占总排放量的29.14%;生物质燃烧、人体排放、土壤本底的氨排放量分别为2.173、2.117、1.943万t,分别占总排放量的2.05%、2.00%、1.84%;固氮植物的氨排放量最小,仅为0.09万t,不足总排放量的1%。菏泽、德州、潍坊、临沂、济宁、聊城是山东省农业源氨排放大市,氨排放量为7.910～13.662万t。研究表明,应从规范畜禽养殖规模和合理施肥两方面着手,精准施策,以减少山东省农业源氨排放量。
Research of agricultural ammonia emission inventory in Shandong Province which can provide data support for the ammonia emission reduction. Based on the available data from Shandong Statistical Yearbook 2016,agricultural ammonia emission inventory was estimated for Shandong Province. The results showed that the total NH3 emission from agricultural sources was 1.058×106 t, and the ammonia emission intensity was 6.71 t·km~(-2). Livestock(6.868×10~5 t)was the largest contributor which accounted for 64.89% of the total agricultural ammonia emission, followed by nitrogen fertilizer(3.083×10~5 t)accounting for 29.14%. Ammonia emission from biomass burning, human activity and soil emission was 2.173, 2.117, 1.943×10~4 t, respectively, which accounted for 2.05%, 2.00%, 1.84% of the total agricultural ammonia emission. Nitrogen fixing plant(900 t)was the lowest contributor which accounted for 0.09%. Agricultural ammonia emission sin Heze, Dezhou, Weifang, Linyi, Jining and Liaocheng(7.910×10~4～1.366×10~5 t)were more serious than another city. Scientific and standardized breeding and rational fertilization should be proposed to decrease ammonia emissions.
Research of agricultural ammonia emission inventory in Shandong Province which can provide data support for the ammonia emission reduction. Based on the available data from Shandong Statistical Yearbook 2016,agricultural ammonia emission inventory was estimated for Shandong Province. The results showed that the total NH3 emission from agricultural sources was 1.058×106 t, and the ammonia emission intensity was 6.71 t·km~(-2). Livestock(6.868×10~5 t)was the largest contributor which accounted for 64.89% of the total agricultural ammonia emission, followed by nitrogen fertilizer(3.083×10~5 t)accounting for 29.14%. Ammonia emission from biomass burning, human activity and soil emission was 2.173, 2.117, 1.943×10~4 t, respectively, which accounted for 2.05%, 2.00%, 1.84% of the total agricultural ammonia emission. Nitrogen fixing plant(900 t)was the lowest contributor which accounted for 0.09%. Agricultural ammonia emission sin Heze, Dezhou, Weifang, Linyi, Jining and Liaocheng(7.910×10~4～1.366×10~5 t)were more serious than another city. Scientific and standardized breeding and rational fertilization should be proposed to decrease ammonia emissions.
引文
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[9]尤翔宇,刘湛,张青梅,等.长株潭地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学, 2016, 37(1):94-101.YOU Xiang-yu, LIU Zhan, ZHANG Qing-mei, et al. Anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its spatial distribution in Chang-ZhuTan region[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(1):94-101.
[10]苏航,闫东杰,黄学敏,等.西安市人为源大气氨排放清单及特征[J].环境科学, 2016, 37(11):4117-4123.SU Hang, YAN Dong-jie, HUANG Xue-min, et al. Inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic ammonia emission in Xi′an[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(11):4117-4123.
[11]张灿,翟崇治,周志恩,等.重庆市主城区农业源氨排放研究[J].中国环境监测, 2014, 30(3):90-96.ZHANG Can, ZHAI Chong-zhi, ZHOU Zhi-en, et al. Research on ammonia emission from agricultural sources in Chongqing urban city[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014, 30(3):90-96.
[12]周静,刘松华,谭译,等.苏州市人为源氨排放清单及其分布特征[J].环境科学研究, 2016, 29(8):1137-1144.ZHOU Jing, LIU Song-hua, TAN Yi, et al. Anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its spatial distribution in Suzhou City[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(8):1137-1144.
[13]蒋炳伸,李大红,李鸿雁. 2006—2014年驻马店地区农业源大气氨排放量变化[J].江苏农业学报, 2017, 33(1):100-106.JIANG Bing-shen, LI Da-hong, LI Hong-yan. Agricultural ammonia emissions and source in Zhumadian area during 2006—2014[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 33(1):100-106.
[14]冯小琼,王幸锐,何敏,等.四川省2012年人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(2):394-401.FENG Xiao-qiong, WANG Xing-rui, HE Min, et al. A 2012-based anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its spatial distribution in Sichuan Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(2):394-401.
[15]董文煊,邢佳,王书肖. 1994—2006年中国人为源大气氨排放时空分布[J].环境科学, 2010, 31(7):1457-1463.DONG Wen-xuan, XING Jia, WANG Shu-xiao. Temporal and spatial distribution of anthropogenic ammonia emission in China:1994—2006[J]. Environmental Science, 2010, 31(7):1457-1463.
[16]董艳强,陈长虹,黄成,等.长江三角洲地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学学报, 2009, 29(8):1611–1617.DONG Yan-qiang, CHEN Chang-hong, HUANG Cheng, et al. Anthropogenic emissions and distribution of ammonia over the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2009, 29(8):1611–1617.
[17]中国环保部.大气氨源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].[2018-05-07]. http://www.mep.gov.cn/zhxx/hjyw/201501/t20150113_294091. htm.Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Technical guidelines for the establishment of atmospheric ammonia inventory(experimental)[EB/OL].[2018-05-07]. http://www. mep. gov. cn/zhxx/hjyw/201501/t20150113_294091. htm.
[18]山东省统计局,国家统计局山东调查总队.山东统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2016.Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics, Shandong Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics. Shandong statistical yearbook 2016[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.
[19]潘涛,薛念涛,孙长虹,等.北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征[J].环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(3):159-162.PAN Tao, XUE Nian-tao, SUN Chang-hong, et al. Distribution characteristics of ammonia emission from livestock farming industry in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2015, 38(3):159-162.
[20]沈丽,于兴娜,项磊. 2006—2014年江苏省氨排放清单[J].中国环境科学, 2018, 38(1):26-34.SHEN Li, YU Xing-na, XIANG Lei. Estimation of ammonia emissions inventories in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2014[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(1):26-34.
[21]孙庆瑞,王美蓉.我国氨的排放量和时空分布[J].大气科学, 1997,21(5):590-598.SUN Qing-rui, WANG Mei-rong. Ammonia emission and concentration in the atmosphere over China[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1997, 21(5):590-598.
[22]王文兴,卢筱凤,庞燕波,等.中国氨的排放强度地理分布[J].环境科学学报, 1997, 17(1):2-7.WANG Wen-xing, LU Xiao-feng, PANG Yan-bo, et al. Geographical distribution of NH3 emission intensities in China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 1997, 17(1):2-7.
[23]张增杰,张双,韩玉花,等.农业源氨排放控制对策初步研究[J].江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(1):439-442.ZHANG Zeng-jie, ZHANG Shuang, HAN Yu-hua, et al. Preliminary study on control countermeasures of agricultural ammonia emission[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(1):439-442.
[2]彭应登,杨明珍,申立贤.北京氨源排放及其对二次粒子生成的影响[J].环境科学, 2000, 21(6):101-103.PENG Ying-deng, YANG Ming-zhen, SHEN Li-xian. Ammonia emission and its effects on the formation of secondary particles in Beijing[J].Environmental Science, 2000, 21(6):101-103.
[3]张双,王阿婧,张增杰,等.北京市人为源氨排放清单的初步建立[J].安全与环境学报, 2016, 16(2):242-245.ZHANG Shuang, WANG A-jing, ZHANG Zeng-jie, et al. On creating an anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory in capital Beijing[J].Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016, 16(2):242-245.
[4]沈兴玲,尹沙沙,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源氨排放清单及减排潜力研究[J].环境科学学报, 2014, 34(1):43-53.SHEN Xing-ling, YIN Sha-sha, ZHENG Jun-yu, et al. Anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its mitigation potential in Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2014, 34(1):43-53.
[5]刘春蕾,杨峰,姚利鹏.南京市畜禽养殖业氨排放分布特征及防治对策[J].安徽农学通报, 2017, 23(1):72-75.LIU Chun-lei, YANG Feng, YAO Li-peng. Ammonia emission and countermeasures of livestock farming in Nanjing[J]. Anhui Agri Sci Bull, 2017, 23(1):72-75.
[6]余飞翔,晁娜,吴建,等.浙江省2013年农业源氨排放清单研究[J].环境污染与防治, 2016, 38(10):41-46.YU Fei-xiang, CHAO Na, WU Jian, et al. Research on agricultural ammonia emission inventory of Zhejiang Province in 2013[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control, 2016, 38(10):41-46.
[7]房效凤,沈根祥,徐昶,等.上海市农业源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].浙江农业学报, 2015, 27(12):2177-2185.FANG Xiao-feng, SHEN Gen-xiang, XU Chang, et al. Agricultural ammonia emission inventory and its distribution characteristics in Shanghai[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2015, 27(12):2177-2185.
[8]李富春,韩圣慧,杨俊,等.川渝地区农业生态系统NH3排放[J].环境科学, 2009, 30(10):2823-2831.LI Fu-chun, HAN Sheng-hui, YANG Jun, et al. Agro-ecosystem ammonia emission in Sichuan-Chongqing region[J]. Environmental Science, 2009, 30(10):2823-2831.
[9]尤翔宇,刘湛,张青梅,等.长株潭地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学, 2016, 37(1):94-101.YOU Xiang-yu, LIU Zhan, ZHANG Qing-mei, et al. Anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its spatial distribution in Chang-ZhuTan region[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(1):94-101.
[10]苏航,闫东杰,黄学敏,等.西安市人为源大气氨排放清单及特征[J].环境科学, 2016, 37(11):4117-4123.SU Hang, YAN Dong-jie, HUANG Xue-min, et al. Inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic ammonia emission in Xi′an[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(11):4117-4123.
[11]张灿,翟崇治,周志恩,等.重庆市主城区农业源氨排放研究[J].中国环境监测, 2014, 30(3):90-96.ZHANG Can, ZHAI Chong-zhi, ZHOU Zhi-en, et al. Research on ammonia emission from agricultural sources in Chongqing urban city[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014, 30(3):90-96.
[12]周静,刘松华,谭译,等.苏州市人为源氨排放清单及其分布特征[J].环境科学研究, 2016, 29(8):1137-1144.ZHOU Jing, LIU Song-hua, TAN Yi, et al. Anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its spatial distribution in Suzhou City[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(8):1137-1144.
[13]蒋炳伸,李大红,李鸿雁. 2006—2014年驻马店地区农业源大气氨排放量变化[J].江苏农业学报, 2017, 33(1):100-106.JIANG Bing-shen, LI Da-hong, LI Hong-yan. Agricultural ammonia emissions and source in Zhumadian area during 2006—2014[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 33(1):100-106.
[14]冯小琼,王幸锐,何敏,等.四川省2012年人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(2):394-401.FENG Xiao-qiong, WANG Xing-rui, HE Min, et al. A 2012-based anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory and its spatial distribution in Sichuan Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(2):394-401.
[15]董文煊,邢佳,王书肖. 1994—2006年中国人为源大气氨排放时空分布[J].环境科学, 2010, 31(7):1457-1463.DONG Wen-xuan, XING Jia, WANG Shu-xiao. Temporal and spatial distribution of anthropogenic ammonia emission in China:1994—2006[J]. Environmental Science, 2010, 31(7):1457-1463.
[16]董艳强,陈长虹,黄成,等.长江三角洲地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学学报, 2009, 29(8):1611–1617.DONG Yan-qiang, CHEN Chang-hong, HUANG Cheng, et al. Anthropogenic emissions and distribution of ammonia over the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2009, 29(8):1611–1617.
[17]中国环保部.大气氨源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].[2018-05-07]. http://www.mep.gov.cn/zhxx/hjyw/201501/t20150113_294091. htm.Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Technical guidelines for the establishment of atmospheric ammonia inventory(experimental)[EB/OL].[2018-05-07]. http://www. mep. gov. cn/zhxx/hjyw/201501/t20150113_294091. htm.
[18]山东省统计局,国家统计局山东调查总队.山东统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2016.Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics, Shandong Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics. Shandong statistical yearbook 2016[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.
[19]潘涛,薛念涛,孙长虹,等.北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征[J].环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(3):159-162.PAN Tao, XUE Nian-tao, SUN Chang-hong, et al. Distribution characteristics of ammonia emission from livestock farming industry in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2015, 38(3):159-162.
[20]沈丽,于兴娜,项磊. 2006—2014年江苏省氨排放清单[J].中国环境科学, 2018, 38(1):26-34.SHEN Li, YU Xing-na, XIANG Lei. Estimation of ammonia emissions inventories in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2014[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(1):26-34.
[21]孙庆瑞,王美蓉.我国氨的排放量和时空分布[J].大气科学, 1997,21(5):590-598.SUN Qing-rui, WANG Mei-rong. Ammonia emission and concentration in the atmosphere over China[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1997, 21(5):590-598.
[22]王文兴,卢筱凤,庞燕波,等.中国氨的排放强度地理分布[J].环境科学学报, 1997, 17(1):2-7.WANG Wen-xing, LU Xiao-feng, PANG Yan-bo, et al. Geographical distribution of NH3 emission intensities in China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 1997, 17(1):2-7.
[23]张增杰,张双,韩玉花,等.农业源氨排放控制对策初步研究[J].江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(1):439-442.ZHANG Zeng-jie, ZHANG Shuang, HAN Yu-hua, et al. Preliminary study on control countermeasures of agricultural ammonia emission[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(1):439-442.