盆缘凹陷区甜点储层主控因素与源下成藏模式——以柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区渐新统为例
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摘要
对扎哈泉地区深层渐新统砂岩储集层的储层特征和成藏模式进行了研究.系统地开展了岩石矿物学特征研究、物性分析、孔隙类型及孔隙结构研究、孔隙保存机理分析,并描述了其成藏模式,提出扎哈泉地区渐新统下段E13发育相对高孔渗的优质砂岩储集体,特殊的构造样式造就了其"源下成藏"特征.研究结果表明:1)研究区目的层整体物性较差,孔隙度平均为4.6%,渗透率平均为1.894mD,为一套微咸水环境下的三角洲前缘沉积,碳酸盐胶结广泛发育,岩石较为致密,但发育若干相对高孔渗(孔隙度平均为10.5%,渗透率平均为20.618mD)的优质砂岩储集层;2)优质储集层的保存主要得益于绿泥石包膜的抗压实作用,并且早期(铁元素质量百分比为15.61%)绿泥石包膜的存在有效抑制了碳酸盐胶结作用和石英次生加大作用;3)质量分数平均为15.4%的碎屑长石溶蚀现象普遍,但溶蚀强度不大,溶蚀作用产生的储集空间有限,未能形成呈规模化发育的次生孔隙发育带;4)大型逆冲断裂使得扎哈泉凹陷的E13储集层位于邻区茫崖凹陷主力烃源岩段E23的侧上方,成熟的茫崖凹陷原油和天然气通过该断裂侧向运移至扎哈泉E13储集层中,运移距离超过8km,该推论已被油源对比分析结果所证实.这一特殊的"源下成藏"实例为今后"源下找油"的勘探部署提供了新的思路.
To study the reservoir characteristics and accumulation model of the deep Oligocene sandstone reservoirs in Zhahaquan area,the systematic analysis of rock mineralogy,physical properties,pore type,pore structure,and pore preservation mechanism were carried out,and its hydrocarbon accumulation pattern was described.It is considered that sandstone reservoirs with high quality of relatively high porosity and permeability in the lower Oligocene(E_3~1)develop in Zhahaquan area,and the special tectonic style has created its patterns of"oil reservoirs below source".The results show that:1)The overall physical properties of the target zone in the study area are poor(the average porosity is 4.6%and the average permeability is 1.894mD),and it is a delta front deposition under a salty water environment.Carbonate cements are widely developed and the lithology are dense,but some relatively high-quality sandstone reservoirs with high porosity and permeability(the average porosity is 10.5%and the average permeability is 20.618mD)are developed;2)The preservation of the high quality reservoirs is mainly benefit from the compaction resistance of chlorite coats,and the presence of chlorite coats effectively inhibits carbonate cementation and the secondary effect of quartz;3)The dissolution of clastic feldspars with average mass fraction of 15.4%is widespread,but the dissolution strength is not large.The reservoir space generated by the dissolution is limited,and the secondary pore development zone with large-scale development cannot be formed;4)The large scale thrust fracture guarantee that the E_3~1reservoir is located on the upper of the main source rock(E_3~2)of the Mangya depression in the adjacent area,and the migration distance of oil and gas exceeds 8km.The mature crude oil and natural gas in the Mangya depression are transported to the E_3~1reservoir of Zhahaquan through the fracture.The results were confirmed by the comparison with the oil source analysis.This special case of"oil reservoirs below source"provides new ideas for exploration of"seeking oil under the source"in the future.
To study the reservoir characteristics and accumulation model of the deep Oligocene sandstone reservoirs in Zhahaquan area,the systematic analysis of rock mineralogy,physical properties,pore type,pore structure,and pore preservation mechanism were carried out,and its hydrocarbon accumulation pattern was described.It is considered that sandstone reservoirs with high quality of relatively high porosity and permeability in the lower Oligocene(E_3~1)develop in Zhahaquan area,and the special tectonic style has created its patterns of"oil reservoirs below source".The results show that:1)The overall physical properties of the target zone in the study area are poor(the average porosity is 4.6%and the average permeability is 1.894mD),and it is a delta front deposition under a salty water environment.Carbonate cements are widely developed and the lithology are dense,but some relatively high-quality sandstone reservoirs with high porosity and permeability(the average porosity is 10.5%and the average permeability is 20.618mD)are developed;2)The preservation of the high quality reservoirs is mainly benefit from the compaction resistance of chlorite coats,and the presence of chlorite coats effectively inhibits carbonate cementation and the secondary effect of quartz;3)The dissolution of clastic feldspars with average mass fraction of 15.4%is widespread,but the dissolution strength is not large.The reservoir space generated by the dissolution is limited,and the secondary pore development zone with large-scale development cannot be formed;4)The large scale thrust fracture guarantee that the E_3~1reservoir is located on the upper of the main source rock(E_3~2)of the Mangya depression in the adjacent area,and the migration distance of oil and gas exceeds 8km.The mature crude oil and natural gas in the Mangya depression are transported to the E_3~1reservoir of Zhahaquan through the fracture.The results were confirmed by the comparison with the oil source analysis.This special case of"oil reservoirs below source"provides new ideas for exploration of"seeking oil under the source"in the future.
引文
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[6]付锁堂,马达德,郭召杰,等.柴达木走滑叠合盆地及其控油气作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):712-722.FU Suotang,MA Dade,GUO Zhaojie,et al.Strikeslip superimposed Qaidam basin and its control on oil and gas accumulation,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):712-722.
[7]黄成刚,倪祥龙,马新民,等.致密湖相碳酸盐岩油气富集模式及稳产、高产主控因素[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(5):724-738.HUANG Chenggang,NI Xianglong,MA Xinming,et al.Petroleum and gas enrichment pattern and major controlling factors of stable and high production of tight lacustrine carbonate rock reservoirs:A case study of the Yingxi area in Qaidam basin[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2017,47(5):724-738.
[8]HUANG Chenggang,YUAN Xiaoyu,SONG Chunhui,et al.Characteristics,origin,and role of salt minerals in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation in the saline lacustrine basin of the Yingxi area,Qaidam,China[J].Carbonates Evaporites,2017(21):1-16.
[9]张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统热液改造型白云岩的发现及意义[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(1):87-97.ZHANG Hao,CHEN Gang,ZHU Yushuang,et al.The discovery and significance of dolomites altered by hydrothermal fluid in Oligocene reservoirs of the Yingxi area,Qaidam[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2017,36(1):87-97.
[10]国家能源局.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准SY/T 6285-2011:油气储层评价方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:2.National Energy Administration.The people's Republic of China Petroleum and natural gas industry standards SY/T 6285-2011:Method for reservoir evaluation of oil and gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:2.
[11]贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.
[12]邹才能,杨智,陶士振,等.纳米油气与源储共生型油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):13-26.ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,TAO Shizhen,et al.Nano-hydrocarbon and the accumulation in coexisting source and reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):13-26.
[13]黄成刚,王建功,吴丽荣,等.古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储集特征与含油性分析:以柴达木盆地英西地区为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):909-922.HUANG Chenggang,WANG Jiangong,WU Lirong,et al.Characteristics of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs in Paleogene and oil-bearing property analysis:a case study of the Yingxi area from the western Qaidam basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):909-922.
[14]GOULD K,PE-PIPER G,PIPER D J W.Relationship of diagenetic chlorite rims to depositional facies in Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of the Scotian basin[J].Sedimentology,2010,57:587-610.
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