基于多尺度X-CT成像的数字岩心技术在碳酸盐岩储层微观孔隙结构研究中的应用
|
摘要
为了更加直观、准确地刻画碳酸盐岩储集层的微观孔隙结构特征,分别选取裂缝发育的双孔介质碳酸盐岩储层样品与裂缝不发育的单介质碳酸盐岩储层样品,利用多尺度X-CT扫描成像技术建立不同级别的三维数字岩心,应用最大球算法与孔喉尺寸校正方法,提取并建立碳酸盐储层纳米级数字岩心孔隙网络模型,最后实现利用三维孔隙网络模型模拟储层物性参数、进汞曲线以及孔、喉分布曲线,并与常规高压压汞法结果进行平行对比。研究结果表明:利用数字岩心技术模拟得到的孔隙度、渗透率参数与实际测量结果相差较小;模拟得到的进汞曲线、孔喉分布曲线与室内压汞实验得到的曲线具有较高的一致性,数字岩心得到的模拟结果具有较高的可信度。数字岩心技术在碳酸盐储层微观孔隙结构的直观刻画与定量描述方面,具有明显优势。
In this paper,we analyzed two types of core samples from porous carbonate reservoir via X-CT imaging to better constrain their microscopic pore structural features. The two sample types are namely the double porosity medium with fracture development and single porosity medium with no fractures. Three dimensional( 3 D) digital cores of different levels are established via the multi-scale X-CT scanning imaging technology,using the maximal ball algorithm and the method for pore and throat size correction,and consequently the digital cores nanoscale pore network model in carbonate reservoirs are extracted and established. Finally,the 3 D pore network model is used to simulate the reservoir physical parameters,mercury injection curves and the pore and throat distribution curves,and the results are compared with those generated by the conventional high-pressure mercury injection method. The results show that the porosity and permeability parameters obtained by using the digital core technology are smaller than the actual measurements. The simulated mercury injection curves and pore throat distribution curves are in good agreement with those obtained by the laboratory mercury intrusion experiment,demonstrating that this technique is reliable. Digital core technology has clear strengths in directly and quantitatively described the micro-pore structure of carbonate reservoirs.
In this paper,we analyzed two types of core samples from porous carbonate reservoir via X-CT imaging to better constrain their microscopic pore structural features. The two sample types are namely the double porosity medium with fracture development and single porosity medium with no fractures. Three dimensional( 3 D) digital cores of different levels are established via the multi-scale X-CT scanning imaging technology,using the maximal ball algorithm and the method for pore and throat size correction,and consequently the digital cores nanoscale pore network model in carbonate reservoirs are extracted and established. Finally,the 3 D pore network model is used to simulate the reservoir physical parameters,mercury injection curves and the pore and throat distribution curves,and the results are compared with those generated by the conventional high-pressure mercury injection method. The results show that the porosity and permeability parameters obtained by using the digital core technology are smaller than the actual measurements. The simulated mercury injection curves and pore throat distribution curves are in good agreement with those obtained by the laboratory mercury intrusion experiment,demonstrating that this technique is reliable. Digital core technology has clear strengths in directly and quantitatively described the micro-pore structure of carbonate reservoirs.
引文
[1]任大忠,孙卫,魏虎,等.华庆油田长8-1储层成岩相类型及微观孔隙结构特征[J].现代地质,2014,28(2):379-387.
[2]张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征——以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119.
[3]石亮亮,王磊,陈世栋,等.超低渗透储层孔隙结构对渗流特征的影响[J].地质科技情报,2017(3):189-196.
[4]孙卫,史成恩,赵惊蛰,等. X-CT扫描成像技术在特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理研究中的应用——以西峰油田庄19井区长82储层为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):775-779.
[5]邓世冠,吕伟峰,刘庆杰,等.利用CT技术研究砾岩驱油机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):330-335.
[6]徐祖新,郭少斌.基于NMR和X-CT的页岩储层孔隙结构研究[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(5):624-631.
[7]马天寿,陈平.基于CT扫描技术研究页岩水化细观损伤特性[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):227-233.
[8]屈乐,孙卫,杜环虹,等.基于CT扫描的三维数字岩心孔隙结构表征方法及应用——以莫北油田116井区三工河组为例[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):190-196.
[9]黄家国,许开明,郭少斌,等.基于SEM、NMR和X-CT的页岩储层孔隙结构综合研究[J].现代地质,2015,29(1):198-205.
[10]李易霖,张云峰,丛琳,等. X-CT扫描成像技术在致密砂岩微观孔隙结构表征中的应用——以大安油田扶余油层为例[J].吉林大学学报,2016,46(2):379-387.
[11]陈晨,卢双舫,李俊乾,等.不同岩相泥页岩数字岩心构建方法研究——以东营凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2017,31(5):1069-1078.
[12]SILIN D B,JIN G,PATZEK T W. Determination of pore space morphology in sedimentary rocks[J]. SPE 84296,2003.
[13]DENNEY D. Robust determination of the pore-space morphology in sedimentary rocks[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology,2008,56(5):69-70.
[14]AL-KHARUSI A S,BLUNT M J. Network extraction from sandstone and carbonate pore space images[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2007,56(4):219-231.
[15]SOK R M,VARSLOT T,GHOUS A,et al. Pore scale characterization of carbonates at multiple scales:Integration of micro-CT,BSEM and FIBSEM[J]. Petrophysics,2010,51(6):379-387.
[16]?REN P E,BAKKE S. Reconstruction of Berea sandstone and pore-scale modelling of wettability effects[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2003,39(3):177-199.
[17]RITMAN E L. Current status of developments and applications of micro-CT[J]. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering,2011,13:531.
[18]CNUDDE V,BOONE M N. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences:A review of the current technology and applications[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2013,123(4):1-17.
[19]SHEPPARD A,LATHAM S MIDDLETON J,et al. Techniques in helical scanning,dynamic imaging and image segmentation for improved quantitative analysis with X-ray micro-CT[J]. Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,2014,324(4):49-56.
[20]刘钰洋,潘懋,张驰,等.基于砂岩数字岩芯图像的渗透率模拟与粗化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(6):1021-1030.
[2]张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征——以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119.
[3]石亮亮,王磊,陈世栋,等.超低渗透储层孔隙结构对渗流特征的影响[J].地质科技情报,2017(3):189-196.
[4]孙卫,史成恩,赵惊蛰,等. X-CT扫描成像技术在特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理研究中的应用——以西峰油田庄19井区长82储层为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):775-779.
[5]邓世冠,吕伟峰,刘庆杰,等.利用CT技术研究砾岩驱油机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):330-335.
[6]徐祖新,郭少斌.基于NMR和X-CT的页岩储层孔隙结构研究[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(5):624-631.
[7]马天寿,陈平.基于CT扫描技术研究页岩水化细观损伤特性[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):227-233.
[8]屈乐,孙卫,杜环虹,等.基于CT扫描的三维数字岩心孔隙结构表征方法及应用——以莫北油田116井区三工河组为例[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):190-196.
[9]黄家国,许开明,郭少斌,等.基于SEM、NMR和X-CT的页岩储层孔隙结构综合研究[J].现代地质,2015,29(1):198-205.
[10]李易霖,张云峰,丛琳,等. X-CT扫描成像技术在致密砂岩微观孔隙结构表征中的应用——以大安油田扶余油层为例[J].吉林大学学报,2016,46(2):379-387.
[11]陈晨,卢双舫,李俊乾,等.不同岩相泥页岩数字岩心构建方法研究——以东营凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2017,31(5):1069-1078.
[12]SILIN D B,JIN G,PATZEK T W. Determination of pore space morphology in sedimentary rocks[J]. SPE 84296,2003.
[13]DENNEY D. Robust determination of the pore-space morphology in sedimentary rocks[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology,2008,56(5):69-70.
[14]AL-KHARUSI A S,BLUNT M J. Network extraction from sandstone and carbonate pore space images[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2007,56(4):219-231.
[15]SOK R M,VARSLOT T,GHOUS A,et al. Pore scale characterization of carbonates at multiple scales:Integration of micro-CT,BSEM and FIBSEM[J]. Petrophysics,2010,51(6):379-387.
[16]?REN P E,BAKKE S. Reconstruction of Berea sandstone and pore-scale modelling of wettability effects[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2003,39(3):177-199.
[17]RITMAN E L. Current status of developments and applications of micro-CT[J]. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering,2011,13:531.
[18]CNUDDE V,BOONE M N. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences:A review of the current technology and applications[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2013,123(4):1-17.
[19]SHEPPARD A,LATHAM S MIDDLETON J,et al. Techniques in helical scanning,dynamic imaging and image segmentation for improved quantitative analysis with X-ray micro-CT[J]. Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,2014,324(4):49-56.
[20]刘钰洋,潘懋,张驰,等.基于砂岩数字岩芯图像的渗透率模拟与粗化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(6):1021-1030.