胶隔热材料的制备及用于建筑行业的研究进展
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摘要
气凝胶是一种以气体代替凝胶中液体组分的合成多孔材料,具有优良的物理和化学特性,如半透明结构、低密度、低导热系数等。因此,被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、电子设备、服装等领域,同时也被认为是建筑领域最有发展前景的高性能隔热材料。尽管目前气凝胶隔热材料的成本仍高于传统的隔热材料,但科学家们正在努力降低其制造成本,使其在世界范围内得到广泛应用。主要综述了气凝胶隔热材料用于建筑行业的研究进展,包括介绍了气凝胶隔热材料的隔热机理、制备方法、特性和改性以及在建筑行业的应用,并对气凝胶隔热材料进行了展望。
Aerogel was a kind of synthetic porous material,the liquid components of which were replaced with gas.It possesses superior physical and chemical characteristics such as translucent structure,low density,low thermal conductivity and so on.Therefore,it was seen as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulating materials for construction industry.In addition,it was also widely used in the fields of aerospace,motor-dom,electronic equipment,clothing,etc.Even though the widespread use of aerogel insulating materials was still restricted by the higher cost compared to conventional insulating materials,lots of scientists are making efforts to cut the prime cost to make it popular in the worldwide.In this study,the heat insulation mechanism,preparation,characteristics and modification of aerogel insulating materials and its applications in the field of construction have been presented and the perspective of aerogel insulating materials has been looking forward to.
Aerogel was a kind of synthetic porous material,the liquid components of which were replaced with gas.It possesses superior physical and chemical characteristics such as translucent structure,low density,low thermal conductivity and so on.Therefore,it was seen as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulating materials for construction industry.In addition,it was also widely used in the fields of aerospace,motor-dom,electronic equipment,clothing,etc.Even though the widespread use of aerogel insulating materials was still restricted by the higher cost compared to conventional insulating materials,lots of scientists are making efforts to cut the prime cost to make it popular in the worldwide.In this study,the heat insulation mechanism,preparation,characteristics and modification of aerogel insulating materials and its applications in the field of construction have been presented and the perspective of aerogel insulating materials has been looking forward to.
引文
[1]Baetens R,Jelle B P,Gustavsen A.Aerogel insulation for building applications:a state-of-the-art review[J].Energy and Buildings,2011,43(4):761-769.
[2]Koebel M,Rigacci A,Achard P.Aerogel-based thermal superinsulation:an overview[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2012,63(3):315-339.
[3]Cuce E,Cuce P M,Wood C J,et al.Toward aerogel based thermal superinsulation in buildings:a comprehensive review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,34(3):273-299.
[4]Kim S,Seo J,Cha J,et al.Chemical retreating for geltyped aerogel and insulation performance of cement containing aerogel[J].Construction and Building Materials,2013,40(3):501-505.
[5]Peng C,Yang J.Structure,mechanism,and application of vacuum insulation panels in Chinese buildings[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2016,5:1-12.
[6]Thorsell T.Advances in thermal insulation:vacuum insulation panels and thermal efficiency to reduce energy usage in buildings[J].Bollettino Della SocietàItaliana Di Biologia Sperimentale,2012,71(3-4):61-67.
[7]Lee O J,Lee K H,Yim T J,et al.Determination of mesopore size of aerogels from thermal conductivity measurements[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2002,298(2):287-292.
[8]Yue C,Feng J,Feng J,et al.Efficient gaseous thermal insulation aerogels from 2-dimension nitrogen-doped graphene sheets[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,109:1026-1030.
[9]Pekinchak O,Vasylechko L,Lutsyuk I,et al.Sol-gelprepared nanoparticles of mixed praseodymium cobaltitesferrites[J].Nanoscale Research Letters,2016,11(1):75.
[10]Tursiloadi S,Imai H,Hirashima H.Preparation and characterization of mesoporous titania-alumina ceramic by modified sol-gel method[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2004,350(2):271-276.
[11]Yang J,Wang Q,Wang T.Effects of Ti addition on alumina/titania composite aerogels synthesized by sol-gel process and supercritical ethanol drying:effects of Ti on alumina/titania aerogels[J].Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society,2017,64(8):978-985.
[12]Sharifiyan M S,Shanaghi A,Moradi H,et al.Effects of high concentration of benzotriazole on corrosion behavior of nanostructured titania-alumina composite coating deposited on Al 2024by sol-gel method[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017,321:36-44.
[13]Dorcheh A S,Abbasi M H.Silica aerogel:synthesis,properties and characterization[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,199(1):10-26.
[14]Amri A,Jiang Z T,Pryor T,et al.Developments in the synthesis of flat plate solar selective absorber materials via sol-gel methods:a review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,36:316-328.
[15]Braun T,Kim S H,Biener M,et al.Supercritical drying of wet gel layers generated inside ICF ablator shells[J].Fusion Science&Technology,2017,73(2):229-236.
[16]Zhang Z,Wang W,Zu G,et al.Silica aerogel materials:preparation,properties,and applications in low-temperature thermal insulation[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2015,35(1):87-96.
[17]Gurav J L,Jung I K,Park H H,et al.Silica aerogel:synthesis and applications[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,2010,24:1-11.
[18]Siouffi A M.Silica gel-based monoliths prepared by the sol-gel method:facts and figures[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2003,1000(1):801-818.
[19]Iswar S,Malfait W J,Balog S,et al.Effect of aging on silica aerogel properties[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2017,241:293-302.
[20]Sun D,Li K,Sui X,et al.Research of silica aerogels prepared by acidic silica sol under the condition of atmospheric pressure drying[J].Journal of Porous Materials,2018,25(2):341-349.
[21]Baszczyński T,S'losarczyk A,Morawski M.Synthesis of silica aerogel by supercritical drying method[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,57(1):200-206.
[22]Freytag A,Snchez-Paradinas S,Naskar S,et al.Versatile aerogel fabrication by freezing and subsequent freeze-drying of colloidal nanoparticle solutions[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2016,55(3):1200-1203.
[23]S'losarczyk A,Barekowski M,Niemier S,et al.Synthesis and characterisation of silica aerogel/carbon microfibers nanocomposites dried in supercritical and ambient pressure conditions[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2015,76(1):227-232.
[24]Qui1O J,Ruehl M,Klima T,et al.Supercritical drying of aerogel:in situ analysis of concentration profiles inside the gel and derivation of the effective binary diffusion coefficient using Raman spectroscopy[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2016,108:1-12.
[25]Wu Guoyou,Cheng Xuan,Yu Yuxi,et al.Preparation of silica aerogels via ambient pressure drying[J].2010,22(10):1892-1900(in Chinese).吴国友,程璇,余煜玺,等.常压干燥制备二氧化硅气凝胶[J].化学进展,2010,22(10):1892-1900.
[26]Feng Q,Chen K,Ma D,et al.Synthesis of high specific surface area silica aer ogel from rice husk ash via ambient pressure drying[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2018,539:399-406.
[27]Wu X,Fan M,Mclaughlin J F,et al.A novel low-cost method of silica aerogel fabrication using fly ash and trona ore with ambient pressure drying technique[J].Powder Technology,2018,323:310-322.
[28]Herrero C S,Caminero-Huertas S,Romero A,et al.Effects of freeze-drying conditions on aerogel properties[J].Journal of Materials Science,2016,51(19):8977-8985.
[29]Al-Homoud D M S.Performance characteristics and practical applications of common building thermal insulation materials[J].Building and Environment,2005,40(3):353-366.
[30]Pajonk G M.Transparent silica aerogels[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1998,225(1):307-314.
[31]Zeng S Q,Hunt A J,Cao W,et al.Pore size distribution and apparent gas thermal conductivity of silica aerogel[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1994,116(3):756-759.
[32]Duer K,Svendsen S.Monolithic silica aerogel in superinsulating glazings[J].Solar Energy,1998,63(4):259-267.
[33]Riffat S B,Qiu G.A review of state-of-the-art aerogel applications in buildings[J].International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,2013,8(1):1-6.
[34]Li Z,Cheng X,He S,et al.Aramid fibers reinforced silica aerogel composites with low thermal conductivity and improved mechanical performance[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2016,84(3):316-325.
[35]Dur2es L,Maia A,Portugal A.Effect of additives on the properties of silica based aerogels synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMS)[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2015,106:85-92.
[36]Lamy-mendes A,Rui F S,Dur2es L.Advances in carbon nanostructure-silica aerogel composites:a review[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,6(4):1340-1369.
[37]Buratti C,Merli F,Moretti E.Aerogel-based materials for building applications:influence of granule size on thermal and acoustic performance[J].Energy&Buildings,2017,152:472-482.
[38]Jia G,Li Z,Liu P,et al.Applications of aerogel in cement-based thermal insulation materials:an overview[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2017,70(16):822-837.
[39]Berardi U.Aerogel-enhanced systems for building energy retrofits:insights from a case study[J].Energy and Buildings,2018,159:370-381.
[40]Jelle B P,Hynd A,Gustavsen A,et al.Fenestration of today and tomorrow:a state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2012,96(1):1-28.
[41]Berardi U.The development of a monolithic aerogel glazed window for an energy retrofitting project[J].Applied Energy,2015,154:603-615.
[42]Hao J,Zhu J,Debeli D,et al.Solar thermal energy harvesting properties of spacer fabric composite used for transparent insulation materials[J].Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells,2018,174:140-145.
[43]Schultz J M,Jensen K I,Kristiansen F H.Super insulating aerogel glazing[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2005,89(2):275-285.
[44]Schultz J M,Jensen K I.Evacuated aerogel glazings[J].Vacuum,2008,82(7):723-729.
[45]Buratti C,Moretti E.Experimental performance evaluation of aerogel glazing systems[J].Applied Energy,2012,97(3):430-437.
[46]Buratti C,Moretti E.Glazing systems with silica aerogel for energy savings in buildings[J].Applied Energy,2012,98(5):396-403.
[47]Gao T,Jelle B P,Ihara T,et al.Insulating glazing units with silica aerogel granules:the impact of particle size[J].Applied Energy,2014,128(3):27-34.
[48]Cinzia B,Elisa M.Lighting and energetic characteristics of transparent insulating materials:experimental data and calculation[J].Indoor and Built Environment,2011,20(4):400-411.
[49]Reim M,Beck A,K9rner W,et al.Highly insulating aerogel glazing for solar energy usage[J].Solar Energy,2002,72(1):21-29.
[50]Reim M,K9rner W,Manara J,et al.Silica aerogel granulate material for thermal insulation and daylighting[J].Solar Energy,2005,79(2):131-139.
[51]Reim M,Reichenauer G,K9rner W,et al.Silica-aerogel granulate-structural,optical and thermal properties[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2004,350(24):358-363.
[52]Gao T,Jelle B P,Gustavsen A.Building integration of aerogel glazings[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,145:723-728.
[53]Montecchio F,Persson H,Engvall K,et al.Development of a stagnation point flow system to screen and test TiO2-based photocatalysts in air purification applications[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,306:734-744.
[54]Riffat S B,Qiu G.A review of state-of-the-art aerogel applications in buildings[J].International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,2013,8(1):1-6.
[55]Liang J,Cai Z,Li L,et al.Scalable and facile preparation of graphene aerogel for air purification[J].Rsc Advances,2014,4(10):4843-4847.
[2]Koebel M,Rigacci A,Achard P.Aerogel-based thermal superinsulation:an overview[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2012,63(3):315-339.
[3]Cuce E,Cuce P M,Wood C J,et al.Toward aerogel based thermal superinsulation in buildings:a comprehensive review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,34(3):273-299.
[4]Kim S,Seo J,Cha J,et al.Chemical retreating for geltyped aerogel and insulation performance of cement containing aerogel[J].Construction and Building Materials,2013,40(3):501-505.
[5]Peng C,Yang J.Structure,mechanism,and application of vacuum insulation panels in Chinese buildings[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2016,5:1-12.
[6]Thorsell T.Advances in thermal insulation:vacuum insulation panels and thermal efficiency to reduce energy usage in buildings[J].Bollettino Della SocietàItaliana Di Biologia Sperimentale,2012,71(3-4):61-67.
[7]Lee O J,Lee K H,Yim T J,et al.Determination of mesopore size of aerogels from thermal conductivity measurements[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2002,298(2):287-292.
[8]Yue C,Feng J,Feng J,et al.Efficient gaseous thermal insulation aerogels from 2-dimension nitrogen-doped graphene sheets[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,109:1026-1030.
[9]Pekinchak O,Vasylechko L,Lutsyuk I,et al.Sol-gelprepared nanoparticles of mixed praseodymium cobaltitesferrites[J].Nanoscale Research Letters,2016,11(1):75.
[10]Tursiloadi S,Imai H,Hirashima H.Preparation and characterization of mesoporous titania-alumina ceramic by modified sol-gel method[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2004,350(2):271-276.
[11]Yang J,Wang Q,Wang T.Effects of Ti addition on alumina/titania composite aerogels synthesized by sol-gel process and supercritical ethanol drying:effects of Ti on alumina/titania aerogels[J].Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society,2017,64(8):978-985.
[12]Sharifiyan M S,Shanaghi A,Moradi H,et al.Effects of high concentration of benzotriazole on corrosion behavior of nanostructured titania-alumina composite coating deposited on Al 2024by sol-gel method[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017,321:36-44.
[13]Dorcheh A S,Abbasi M H.Silica aerogel:synthesis,properties and characterization[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,199(1):10-26.
[14]Amri A,Jiang Z T,Pryor T,et al.Developments in the synthesis of flat plate solar selective absorber materials via sol-gel methods:a review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,36:316-328.
[15]Braun T,Kim S H,Biener M,et al.Supercritical drying of wet gel layers generated inside ICF ablator shells[J].Fusion Science&Technology,2017,73(2):229-236.
[16]Zhang Z,Wang W,Zu G,et al.Silica aerogel materials:preparation,properties,and applications in low-temperature thermal insulation[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2015,35(1):87-96.
[17]Gurav J L,Jung I K,Park H H,et al.Silica aerogel:synthesis and applications[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,2010,24:1-11.
[18]Siouffi A M.Silica gel-based monoliths prepared by the sol-gel method:facts and figures[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2003,1000(1):801-818.
[19]Iswar S,Malfait W J,Balog S,et al.Effect of aging on silica aerogel properties[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2017,241:293-302.
[20]Sun D,Li K,Sui X,et al.Research of silica aerogels prepared by acidic silica sol under the condition of atmospheric pressure drying[J].Journal of Porous Materials,2018,25(2):341-349.
[21]Baszczyński T,S'losarczyk A,Morawski M.Synthesis of silica aerogel by supercritical drying method[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,57(1):200-206.
[22]Freytag A,Snchez-Paradinas S,Naskar S,et al.Versatile aerogel fabrication by freezing and subsequent freeze-drying of colloidal nanoparticle solutions[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2016,55(3):1200-1203.
[23]S'losarczyk A,Barekowski M,Niemier S,et al.Synthesis and characterisation of silica aerogel/carbon microfibers nanocomposites dried in supercritical and ambient pressure conditions[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2015,76(1):227-232.
[24]Qui1O J,Ruehl M,Klima T,et al.Supercritical drying of aerogel:in situ analysis of concentration profiles inside the gel and derivation of the effective binary diffusion coefficient using Raman spectroscopy[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2016,108:1-12.
[25]Wu Guoyou,Cheng Xuan,Yu Yuxi,et al.Preparation of silica aerogels via ambient pressure drying[J].2010,22(10):1892-1900(in Chinese).吴国友,程璇,余煜玺,等.常压干燥制备二氧化硅气凝胶[J].化学进展,2010,22(10):1892-1900.
[26]Feng Q,Chen K,Ma D,et al.Synthesis of high specific surface area silica aer ogel from rice husk ash via ambient pressure drying[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2018,539:399-406.
[27]Wu X,Fan M,Mclaughlin J F,et al.A novel low-cost method of silica aerogel fabrication using fly ash and trona ore with ambient pressure drying technique[J].Powder Technology,2018,323:310-322.
[28]Herrero C S,Caminero-Huertas S,Romero A,et al.Effects of freeze-drying conditions on aerogel properties[J].Journal of Materials Science,2016,51(19):8977-8985.
[29]Al-Homoud D M S.Performance characteristics and practical applications of common building thermal insulation materials[J].Building and Environment,2005,40(3):353-366.
[30]Pajonk G M.Transparent silica aerogels[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1998,225(1):307-314.
[31]Zeng S Q,Hunt A J,Cao W,et al.Pore size distribution and apparent gas thermal conductivity of silica aerogel[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1994,116(3):756-759.
[32]Duer K,Svendsen S.Monolithic silica aerogel in superinsulating glazings[J].Solar Energy,1998,63(4):259-267.
[33]Riffat S B,Qiu G.A review of state-of-the-art aerogel applications in buildings[J].International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,2013,8(1):1-6.
[34]Li Z,Cheng X,He S,et al.Aramid fibers reinforced silica aerogel composites with low thermal conductivity and improved mechanical performance[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2016,84(3):316-325.
[35]Dur2es L,Maia A,Portugal A.Effect of additives on the properties of silica based aerogels synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMS)[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2015,106:85-92.
[36]Lamy-mendes A,Rui F S,Dur2es L.Advances in carbon nanostructure-silica aerogel composites:a review[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,6(4):1340-1369.
[37]Buratti C,Merli F,Moretti E.Aerogel-based materials for building applications:influence of granule size on thermal and acoustic performance[J].Energy&Buildings,2017,152:472-482.
[38]Jia G,Li Z,Liu P,et al.Applications of aerogel in cement-based thermal insulation materials:an overview[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2017,70(16):822-837.
[39]Berardi U.Aerogel-enhanced systems for building energy retrofits:insights from a case study[J].Energy and Buildings,2018,159:370-381.
[40]Jelle B P,Hynd A,Gustavsen A,et al.Fenestration of today and tomorrow:a state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2012,96(1):1-28.
[41]Berardi U.The development of a monolithic aerogel glazed window for an energy retrofitting project[J].Applied Energy,2015,154:603-615.
[42]Hao J,Zhu J,Debeli D,et al.Solar thermal energy harvesting properties of spacer fabric composite used for transparent insulation materials[J].Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells,2018,174:140-145.
[43]Schultz J M,Jensen K I,Kristiansen F H.Super insulating aerogel glazing[J].Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2005,89(2):275-285.
[44]Schultz J M,Jensen K I.Evacuated aerogel glazings[J].Vacuum,2008,82(7):723-729.
[45]Buratti C,Moretti E.Experimental performance evaluation of aerogel glazing systems[J].Applied Energy,2012,97(3):430-437.
[46]Buratti C,Moretti E.Glazing systems with silica aerogel for energy savings in buildings[J].Applied Energy,2012,98(5):396-403.
[47]Gao T,Jelle B P,Ihara T,et al.Insulating glazing units with silica aerogel granules:the impact of particle size[J].Applied Energy,2014,128(3):27-34.
[48]Cinzia B,Elisa M.Lighting and energetic characteristics of transparent insulating materials:experimental data and calculation[J].Indoor and Built Environment,2011,20(4):400-411.
[49]Reim M,Beck A,K9rner W,et al.Highly insulating aerogel glazing for solar energy usage[J].Solar Energy,2002,72(1):21-29.
[50]Reim M,K9rner W,Manara J,et al.Silica aerogel granulate material for thermal insulation and daylighting[J].Solar Energy,2005,79(2):131-139.
[51]Reim M,Reichenauer G,K9rner W,et al.Silica-aerogel granulate-structural,optical and thermal properties[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2004,350(24):358-363.
[52]Gao T,Jelle B P,Gustavsen A.Building integration of aerogel glazings[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,145:723-728.
[53]Montecchio F,Persson H,Engvall K,et al.Development of a stagnation point flow system to screen and test TiO2-based photocatalysts in air purification applications[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,306:734-744.
[54]Riffat S B,Qiu G.A review of state-of-the-art aerogel applications in buildings[J].International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,2013,8(1):1-6.
[55]Liang J,Cai Z,Li L,et al.Scalable and facile preparation of graphene aerogel for air purification[J].Rsc Advances,2014,4(10):4843-4847.