黄土梁滑坡型泥石流2~#沟工程治理及效果评价
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摘要
目前对谷坊、拦砂坝、排导槽等治理措施研究较多,但对滑坡型泥石流的治理研究较少。2008年9月24日,四川省北川县陈家坝乡黄土梁发生特大滑坡,诱发其下游的2~#沟发生特大泥石流,导致沟口103国道被掩埋,堵塞都坝河。为防止泥石流再次发生,对2~#沟泥石流进行了工程治理及治理效果评价。治理措施采用"2~#沟中游4座浅拦坝+2~#支沟中游3座浅拦坝+下游起点设置总长34.7 m束流堤,总长156.4 m排导槽,终点设置总长22.1 m导流堤,排导槽与103国道相交处,采用桥梁工程跨越排导槽",中游和下游统筹的治理方案,并分析了各分项治理工程的作用。与2008年9月24日暴雨相比,2013年8月7日和2016年7月21日2次强降雨活动未发生泥石流灾害,验证了黄土梁2~#沟泥石流防治工程效果较好,为类似滑坡型泥石流工程防治提供了参考。
Engineering measures such as dams, barrier dams, and guide grooves in certain catchments are studied extensively in China. However, few studies are reported on control measures mobilization of debris flow from landslides. An extremely large landslide occurred on September 24, 2008 in Huangtuliang of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province. This landslide caused a massive debris flow in the downstream 2~# ditches, burying the G103 national highway in the Mizoguchi,and blocking the Duba River. In order to prevent the debris flow from happening again, engineering measures and effects valuation were adopted in 2~# ditches. The control measures are four shallow bank dams in the midstream of 2~# ditch, three shallow bank dams in the middle of 2~# branch ditch, 34.7 m beam embankment at the downstream starting point, 156.4 m row of guide troughs, and 22.1 m diversion dike at the end point. The intersection of the trough and No.103 national highway is bridge construction across the guide troughs. The overall plan is made for the treatment of the middle and lower reaches of the river and the role of the various sub-projects is analysed. Finally, the prevention of debris flow disasters caused by two heavy rainfall events by the use of "2008-09-24" and "2013-08-07" and "2016-07-21" pverifies the better effect of the 2 nd gully debris flow control project of the Huangtuliang.This study provides reference for similar landslide debris flow engineering control.
Engineering measures such as dams, barrier dams, and guide grooves in certain catchments are studied extensively in China. However, few studies are reported on control measures mobilization of debris flow from landslides. An extremely large landslide occurred on September 24, 2008 in Huangtuliang of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province. This landslide caused a massive debris flow in the downstream 2~# ditches, burying the G103 national highway in the Mizoguchi,and blocking the Duba River. In order to prevent the debris flow from happening again, engineering measures and effects valuation were adopted in 2~# ditches. The control measures are four shallow bank dams in the midstream of 2~# ditch, three shallow bank dams in the middle of 2~# branch ditch, 34.7 m beam embankment at the downstream starting point, 156.4 m row of guide troughs, and 22.1 m diversion dike at the end point. The intersection of the trough and No.103 national highway is bridge construction across the guide troughs. The overall plan is made for the treatment of the middle and lower reaches of the river and the role of the various sub-projects is analysed. Finally, the prevention of debris flow disasters caused by two heavy rainfall events by the use of "2008-09-24" and "2013-08-07" and "2016-07-21" pverifies the better effect of the 2 nd gully debris flow control project of the Huangtuliang.This study provides reference for similar landslide debris flow engineering control.
引文
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[13] 张雪燕,薛炳勇,王维早,等.陇南燕儿沟泥石流工程治理及效果评价[J].人民长江,2017,48(17):72-76.
[14] 廖丽萍,朱颖彦,杨志全,等.中巴公路泥石流灾害破坏及防治优化[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(6):168-174.
[15] 李德华,许向宁,吉峰,等.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大泥石流工程防治及初步效果分析[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(2):260-268.
[16] 亓星,许强,余斌,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流治理工程效果分析[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(1):161-165.
[17] 周海波,陈宁生,卢阳.泥石流沟谷坊坝群治理效应:以地震极重灾区北川县化石板沟为例[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):347-354.
[18] 陈宁生,周海波,卢阳,等.西南山区泥石流防治工程效益浅析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2013,40(1):50-58.
[19] 卜祥航,唐川,屈永平,等.烧房沟滑坡型泥石流工程治理及效果分析[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(2):220-227.
[20] 李树德.滑坡型泥石流形成机理[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,1998,34(4):519-522.
[21] 李树德,曾思伟.论泥石流的另一种类型——滑坡型泥石流:以甘肃刘家堡泥石流为例[J].水土保持学报,1988,2(4):66-71.
[22] 谢洪,王成华,林立相.标水岩沟滑坡型泥石流灾害及特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(3):20-22,27.
[23] 王承俊,赵永旭,王巍,等.四川省地震灾区第三批重大地质灾害北川县陈家坝乡黄土梁滑坡应急勘查报告[R].成都:四川省地质工程勘察院,2009.
[2] Iversion R M,Reid M E,LaHusen R G.Debris-flow mobilization from landslides[J].Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.,1997,25:85-138.
[3] 李天池,章书成,康志成.滑坡型泥石流[C]//佚名.全国泥石流学术会议论文集.成都:中国科学院成都地理研究所,1980.
[4] Hutchinson J N,Bhandari R K.Undrained loading,a fundamental mechanism of mudslide and other mass movements[J].Geotechique,1971,21(4):353-358.
[5] Sassa K.The mechanism starting liquefied landslides and debris flows[C]//Anon.The 4th international symposium on landslides.International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Toronto,Ontario:[s.n.],1984:349-354.
[6] Sassa K.Mechanisms of landslide triggered debris flow[C]//Anon.Proceedings of IUFRO conference(Div.8).Kyoto:Kluwer Academic Publishing,1998:471-490.
[7] Fleming R W,Ellen S D,Algus M A.Transformation of dilative and constructive landslide debris into debris flows:An example from Marin County,California[J].Engineering Geology,1989,27(2):201-223.
[8] Emmanuel J G,Simon M M.The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides[J].Geomorphology,2006,74(2):207-218.
[9] Anderson S A,Sitar N.Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flow[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,121(7):545-552.
[10] Dai F C,Lee C F,Wang S J.Analysis of rainstorm-induced slide-debris flows on natural terrain of Lantau Island,Hong Kong[J].Engineering Geology,1999,51(3):279-290.
[11] 周海波,陈宁生,卢阳.泥石流沟谷坊坝群治理效应:以地震极重灾区北川县化石板沟为例[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):347-354.
[12] 曾庆利,岳中琦,杨志法,等.谷坊在泥石流防治中的作用:以云南蒋家沟2条支沟的对比为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3137-3145.
[13] 张雪燕,薛炳勇,王维早,等.陇南燕儿沟泥石流工程治理及效果评价[J].人民长江,2017,48(17):72-76.
[14] 廖丽萍,朱颖彦,杨志全,等.中巴公路泥石流灾害破坏及防治优化[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(6):168-174.
[15] 李德华,许向宁,吉峰,等.汶川县映秀镇红椿沟特大泥石流工程防治及初步效果分析[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(2):260-268.
[16] 亓星,许强,余斌,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流治理工程效果分析[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(1):161-165.
[17] 周海波,陈宁生,卢阳.泥石流沟谷坊坝群治理效应:以地震极重灾区北川县化石板沟为例[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):347-354.
[18] 陈宁生,周海波,卢阳,等.西南山区泥石流防治工程效益浅析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2013,40(1):50-58.
[19] 卜祥航,唐川,屈永平,等.烧房沟滑坡型泥石流工程治理及效果分析[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(2):220-227.
[20] 李树德.滑坡型泥石流形成机理[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,1998,34(4):519-522.
[21] 李树德,曾思伟.论泥石流的另一种类型——滑坡型泥石流:以甘肃刘家堡泥石流为例[J].水土保持学报,1988,2(4):66-71.
[22] 谢洪,王成华,林立相.标水岩沟滑坡型泥石流灾害及特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(3):20-22,27.
[23] 王承俊,赵永旭,王巍,等.四川省地震灾区第三批重大地质灾害北川县陈家坝乡黄土梁滑坡应急勘查报告[R].成都:四川省地质工程勘察院,2009.