基于多变量模糊控制的直流微网混合储能策略
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摘要
为解决传统模糊控制器未考虑各电气量之间相互影响而导致控制准确性和协调性不足的问题,综合考虑直流微网中的微源出力、负荷需求及储能状态3者关系,提出基于母线电压波动、飞轮及蓄电池储能状态的混合储能调度方案;基于该调度方案设计了考虑电气量间相互影响的多变量模糊控制器:采用带权值相乘方法建立计及电气量间相互影响的模糊关系矩阵,在此基础上对模糊输入量进行修正,建立模糊规则库,并对解模糊结果进行逻辑判断,生成储能系统的充放电控制信号;提出了以直流母线电压波动最小为目标,以瞬时功率平衡、储能装置充放电限制为约束条件的混合储能充放电优化方法。仿真结果表明当直流微网内母线电压波动超过5%时,储能系统可根据飞轮和蓄电池的储能状态,选择合适运行方式快速投入,从而维持直流母线电压的稳定;同时也验证了多变量模糊控制器与混合储能充放电优化方法的可行性和有效性,该研究对于工程实践和理论研究具有一定的参考价值。
In order to solve the problem of the traditional fuzzy controller without considering the interaction between all electric parameters leading to the problem of insufficient accuracy and harmony,we comprehensively considered the relations of micro source's output,load demand,and energy storage state in the DC microgrid so as to put forward hybrid energy scheduling schemes based on DC bus voltage fluctuation,the flywheel and the battery's energy storage state.Moreover,on the basis of the scheduling schemes,a multivariable fuzzy controller was designed after considering the mutual influence between electric parameters.A multiplication fuzzy relationship matrix was created through weighted value which considered the influence of electric parameters to modify the fuzzy input,then a fuzzy rule base was established to logically judge the results of the defuzzification and to generate control signals.In order to optimize the charging and discharging power of energy storage system,a hybrid energy storage charge and discharge optimization method was put forward which set the minimum DC bus voltage fluctuation as the goal,with the constraints of instantaneous power balance and storage device charge or discharge limiting condition.The simulation results showed that when the DC microgrid's DC bus voltage fluctuation is more than 5%,according to the state of flywheel and battery storage,the energy storage system can choose the right way to run quickly,so as to maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage; furthermore,the results also verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the multivariable fuzzy controller and hybrid energy storage charge and discharge of the optimization method,and the study for the engineering practice and theoretical research has certain reference value.
In order to solve the problem of the traditional fuzzy controller without considering the interaction between all electric parameters leading to the problem of insufficient accuracy and harmony,we comprehensively considered the relations of micro source's output,load demand,and energy storage state in the DC microgrid so as to put forward hybrid energy scheduling schemes based on DC bus voltage fluctuation,the flywheel and the battery's energy storage state.Moreover,on the basis of the scheduling schemes,a multivariable fuzzy controller was designed after considering the mutual influence between electric parameters.A multiplication fuzzy relationship matrix was created through weighted value which considered the influence of electric parameters to modify the fuzzy input,then a fuzzy rule base was established to logically judge the results of the defuzzification and to generate control signals.In order to optimize the charging and discharging power of energy storage system,a hybrid energy storage charge and discharge optimization method was put forward which set the minimum DC bus voltage fluctuation as the goal,with the constraints of instantaneous power balance and storage device charge or discharge limiting condition.The simulation results showed that when the DC microgrid's DC bus voltage fluctuation is more than 5%,according to the state of flywheel and battery storage,the energy storage system can choose the right way to run quickly,so as to maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage; furthermore,the results also verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the multivariable fuzzy controller and hybrid energy storage charge and discharge of the optimization method,and the study for the engineering practice and theoretical research has certain reference value.
引文
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[17]麻常辉,潘志远,刘超男,等.基于自适应下垂控制的风光储微网调频研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):21-27.MA Changhui,PAN Zhiyuan,LIU Chaonan,et al.Frequency regulation research of wind-PV-ES hybrid micro-grid system based on adaptive droop control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):21-27.
[18]BLAIFI S,MOULAHOUM S,COLAK I,et al.An enhanced dynamic model of battery using genetic algorithm suitable for photovoltaic applications[J].Applied Energy,2016,169:888-898.
[19]SEBASTIAN R,PE?A-ALZOLA R.Control and simulation of a flywheel energy storage for a wind diesel power system[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015,64(1):1049-1056.
[20]杨艳红,裴玮,邓卫,等.计及蓄电池储能寿命影响的微电网日前调度优化[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):172-180.YANG Yanhong,PEI Wei,DENG Wei,et al.Day-ahead scheduling optimization for microgrid with battery life model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):172-180.
[21]电力工程直流电源设备通用技术条件及安全要求:GB/T19826—2014[S],2014.General specification and safety requirements for DC power supply equipment of power projects:GB/T 19826—2014[S],2014.
[22]韦巍.智能控制基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.WEI Wei.Fundamentals of intelligent control[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2012.
[23]蒋东荣,颜瑞凡,申丹伟,等.多能互补直流微网电压与能量分层协调控制策略[J].重庆理工大学学报:自然科学版,2015,29(5):103-111.JIANG Dongrong,YAN Ruifan,SHEN Danwei,et al.Research on hierarchical coordinated control strategy of voltage and energy for multienergy complementary DC microgrid[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology:Natural Science,2015,29(5):103-111.
[24]肖浩,裴玮,杨艳红,等.计及电池寿命和经济运行的微电网储能容量优化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3256-3265.XIAO Hao,PEI Wei,YANG Yanhong,et al.Energy storage capacity optimization for microgrid considering battery life and economic operation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3256-3265.
[2]CHEN D,XU L.Autonomous DC voltage control of a DC microgrid with multiple slack terminals[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1897-1905.
[3]COLAK I,SAGIROGLU S,FULLI G,et al.A survey on the critical issues in smart grid technologies[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54:396-405.
[4]郭权利,苑舜,周春阳,等.基于模糊控制的微网平滑切换控制策略的研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3281-3287.GUO Quanli,YUAN Shun,ZHOU Chunyang,et al.Research on control strategy of smooth switching between microgrid and distribution network based on fuzzy principle[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3281-3287.
[5]成思琪,刘俊勇,向月,等.微网中混储/柴协调运行策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,,43(7):42-50.CHENG Siqi,LIU Junyong,XIANG Yue,et al.Research on optimal coordinated operation for microgrid with hybrid energy storage and diesel generator[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(7):42-50.
[6]TAN X,LI Q,WANG H.Advances and trends of energy storage technology in microgrid[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2013,44(1):179-191.
[7]SIIROLA J J,EDGAR T F.Process energy systems:control,economic,and sustainability objectives[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2012,47(52):134-144.
[8]RAMLI M A M,HIENDRO A,TWAHA S.Economic analysis of PV/diesel hybrid system with flywheel energy storage[J].Renewable Energy,2015,78:398-405.
[9]孟润泉,刘家赢,文波,等.直流微网混合储能控制及系统分层协调控制策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2186-2193.MENG Runquan,LIU Jiaying,WEN Bo,et al.Hybrid energy storage control and system hierarchical coordinated control strategy for DC microgrids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2186-2193.
[10]刘家赢,韩肖清,王磊,等.直流微电网运行策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2356-2362.LIU Jiaying,HAN Xiaoqing,WANG Lei,et al.Operation and control strategy of DC microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(9):2356-2362.
[11]KAKIGANO H,MIURA Y,ISE T.Distribution voltage control for DC microgrids using fuzzy control and gain-scheduling technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,28(5):256-263.
[12]熊雄,王江波,杨仁刚,等.微电网中混合储能模糊自适应控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(3):677-681.XIONG Xiong,WANG Jiangbo,YANG Rengang,et al.A fuzzy adaptive control strategy for composite energy storage system to cope with output power fluctuation of intermittent energy source in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(3):677-681.
[13]胡峥辉,舒杰,游林儒,等.基于模糊控制与非线性优化的孤立微网能量管理策略[J].新能源进展,2015,3(6):452-458.HU Zhenghui,SHU Jie,YOU Linru,et al.An energy management strategy based on fuzzy control and nonlinear optimization for isolated micro-grids[J].Advance in New and Renewable Energy,2015,3(6):452-458.
[14]吕天光,艾芊,韩学山,等.基于模糊理论的并网型含光伏微电网功率控制[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2404-2409.LüTianguang,AI Qian,HAN Xueshan,et al.Fuzzy theory based grid-connected power control of microgrid containing photovoltaic system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(9):2404-2409.
[15]CHEN Y K,WU Y C,SONG C C,et al.Design and implementation of energy management system with fuzzy control for DC microgrid systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(4):1563-1570.
[16]张蕴昕,孙运全.混合储能在风光互补微网中的控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(21):93-98.ZHANG Yunxin,SUN Yunquan.Control strategy of a hybrid energy storage in wind-solar hybrid generation micro-grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(21):93-98.
[17]麻常辉,潘志远,刘超男,等.基于自适应下垂控制的风光储微网调频研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):21-27.MA Changhui,PAN Zhiyuan,LIU Chaonan,et al.Frequency regulation research of wind-PV-ES hybrid micro-grid system based on adaptive droop control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):21-27.
[18]BLAIFI S,MOULAHOUM S,COLAK I,et al.An enhanced dynamic model of battery using genetic algorithm suitable for photovoltaic applications[J].Applied Energy,2016,169:888-898.
[19]SEBASTIAN R,PE?A-ALZOLA R.Control and simulation of a flywheel energy storage for a wind diesel power system[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015,64(1):1049-1056.
[20]杨艳红,裴玮,邓卫,等.计及蓄电池储能寿命影响的微电网日前调度优化[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):172-180.YANG Yanhong,PEI Wei,DENG Wei,et al.Day-ahead scheduling optimization for microgrid with battery life model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):172-180.
[21]电力工程直流电源设备通用技术条件及安全要求:GB/T19826—2014[S],2014.General specification and safety requirements for DC power supply equipment of power projects:GB/T 19826—2014[S],2014.
[22]韦巍.智能控制基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.WEI Wei.Fundamentals of intelligent control[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2012.
[23]蒋东荣,颜瑞凡,申丹伟,等.多能互补直流微网电压与能量分层协调控制策略[J].重庆理工大学学报:自然科学版,2015,29(5):103-111.JIANG Dongrong,YAN Ruifan,SHEN Danwei,et al.Research on hierarchical coordinated control strategy of voltage and energy for multienergy complementary DC microgrid[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology:Natural Science,2015,29(5):103-111.
[24]肖浩,裴玮,杨艳红,等.计及电池寿命和经济运行的微电网储能容量优化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3256-3265.XIAO Hao,PEI Wei,YANG Yanhong,et al.Energy storage capacity optimization for microgrid considering battery life and economic operation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3256-3265.