镇雄赵家沟滑坡特征及基于坡体结构的失稳机理研究
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摘要
2013年1月11日云南省镇雄县发生特大山体滑坡灾害,造成赵家沟村民小组46人遇难和严重经济损失。基于数次滑坡现场调查和勘查所获得的基础数据,本文对滑坡特征及变形失稳机理进行了较系统的研究。(1)滑坡发育在崩坡积体中,坡体自后缘向前缘具有黏粒含量、密实度增加而孔隙度、透水性减小的特点;(2)滑坡后缘为飞仙关组强风化粉砂岩与崩坡积体的接触界面,滑动带为崩坡积体内含砾粉质黏土坡积层;(3)滑坡发生前,坡体后缘已发育张拉裂缝,前缘已发生小型鼓胀破坏,属典型蠕滑-拉裂变形破坏模式;(4)滑坡具有分块先后滑动特点,左、右及后缘边界坡体在主滑体后发生滑动,滑移过程中也存在分区现象;(5)滑带土为低液限含砾黏性土,呈液化流塑状态,抗剪强度低;(6)启程高速是斜坡应变能长期积累、瞬间释放的结果,滑程高速与滑坡体冲击液化有关,部分滑体存在临空飞行现象。建议加强滑源区两侧裂缝的变形监测和乌蒙山区类似坡体的灾害预警。
On January 11,2013,a super catastrophic landslide took place in Zhaojiagou village of Zhenxiong County,Yunnan Province,and made 46 people died and serious economic losses. Based on multiple in-situ investigations and geologic survey,the landslide features and its failure mechanism are studied in the paper. The landslide took place in a natural accumulation slope mainly composed of colluviums and diluvium,and the slope structure has the characteristics of increasing in clay content and denseness but decreasing in porosity andpermeability from slope crown to its foot. The main scarp developed along the steep interface of the accumulations and the strongly weathered sandstone bedrock,while the sliding belt developed along the soft layer of diluvium.Before the landslide there already existed a remarkable tension crack in current main scarp and a compression failure in the slope front,which typically is the failure mechanism of Creep-Crack. The main landslide body moved first and the 3 small landslides followed in its left and right flanks as well as the back slopes,and the landslide debris moved in belts. The natural water content of the sliding belt is very close to its liquid limit,and its plastic index is more than 10,which means that the soil is in the liquefied-plastic state and with low shear strength. The high speed at the moment of departure is the result of the long-term accumulation of strain energy but instantly releasing,the high speed during movement is related with the liquefaction of the landslide debris and the bed soil,and there exists proofs of debris flying. It is suggested to strengthen the deformation monitoring of adjacent slopes and the geohazard forecasting of similar accumulation slopes in Wumengshan region.
On January 11,2013,a super catastrophic landslide took place in Zhaojiagou village of Zhenxiong County,Yunnan Province,and made 46 people died and serious economic losses. Based on multiple in-situ investigations and geologic survey,the landslide features and its failure mechanism are studied in the paper. The landslide took place in a natural accumulation slope mainly composed of colluviums and diluvium,and the slope structure has the characteristics of increasing in clay content and denseness but decreasing in porosity andpermeability from slope crown to its foot. The main scarp developed along the steep interface of the accumulations and the strongly weathered sandstone bedrock,while the sliding belt developed along the soft layer of diluvium.Before the landslide there already existed a remarkable tension crack in current main scarp and a compression failure in the slope front,which typically is the failure mechanism of Creep-Crack. The main landslide body moved first and the 3 small landslides followed in its left and right flanks as well as the back slopes,and the landslide debris moved in belts. The natural water content of the sliding belt is very close to its liquid limit,and its plastic index is more than 10,which means that the soil is in the liquefied-plastic state and with low shear strength. The high speed at the moment of departure is the result of the long-term accumulation of strain energy but instantly releasing,the high speed during movement is related with the liquefaction of the landslide debris and the bed soil,and there exists proofs of debris flying. It is suggested to strengthen the deformation monitoring of adjacent slopes and the geohazard forecasting of similar accumulation slopes in Wumengshan region.
引文
Dai F C,Chen S Y,Lee C F.2000.Analysis of landslide initiativ mechanism based on stress-strain behavior of soil[J].Chines Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,22(1):127~130.
Hu G T.1995.The dynamics of landslide[M].Beijing:Geologica Publishing House:10~36.
Ding X M.2005.A study on the deformation and stability of typical debri&embankment slope with complicated environment in Southwestern China[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science&Technology
He K Q.1998.An analysis on the multilayered slide law of the large-scale accumulative landslides[J].Metal Mine,(7):15~18.
http:∥news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-01/16/c_124235773.htm
Liu C Z.2013.Focusing on the collapse and landslide hazards triggered by the melting of ice and snow[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology.
Rahardjo H,Lee T T,Leong E C,et al.2005.Response of a residual soil slope to rainfall[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,42(2):340~351.
Sassa K.1998.Mechanisms of landslide triggered debris flow[M].Springer:499~518.
Xue G F,Lu G F,Ren J.1986.Study on Xintan landslide[C]∥Typical Landslides in China:200~210.
Yang J B.1994.Comments on the effects of groundwater and rockfall load on the upper section of Xintan landslide[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(5):26~29.
Yao X,Yu K,Zhang Y S,et al.2014.Mechanisms of catastrophic landslide on January 11,2013 in Zhenxiong county:fluidization initiation and movement liquefaction of high porosity soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(5):1047~1053.
Yin Y P,Liu C Z,Chen H Q,et al.2013.Investigation on catastrophic landslide of January 11,2013 at Zhaojiagou,Zhenxiong county,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(1):6~15.
Yin Z Q,Wei G,Tang Y G.2012.Characteristics of multi-model grain size distribution of slip surface soils and deposits of landslides[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,20(6):998~1006.
Yin Z Q,Xu Y Q,Jiang X W.2015.The key triggering factor and its mitigation implication of Zhaojiagou catastrophic landslide in Zhenxiong County,Yunnan province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,26(2):36~42.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.1994.The analytical principle on Engineering Geology[M].Beijing:Geological Press,342~378.
戴福初,陈守义,李焯芬.2000.从土的应力应变特性探讨滑坡发生机理[J].岩土工程学报,22(1):127~130.
丁秀美.2005.西南地区复杂环境下典型堆积(填)体斜坡变形及稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.
贺可强.1998.大型堆积层滑坡的多层滑移规律分析[J].金属矿山,(7):15~18.
胡广韬.1995.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社:10~36.
刘传正.2013.关注冰雪冻融引发的崩塌滑坡灾害[J].水文地质工程地质.
薛果夫,吕贵芳,任江.1986.新滩滑坡研究[C]∥中国典型滑坡.200~210.
阳吉宝.1994.地下水和岩崩加载在新滩滑坡上段作用的讨论[J].水文地质工程地质,(5):26~29.
姚鑫,余凯,张永双,等.2014.“1·11”镇雄灾难性滑坡滑动机制-高孔隙度土流态化启动与滑动液化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,33(5):1047~1053.
殷跃平,刘传正,陈红旗,等.2013.2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,21(1):6~15.
殷志强,魏刚,唐永光.2012.滑坡滑带(面)土及堆积物的粒度多组分分布特征研究[J].工程地质学报,20(6):998~1006.
殷志强,徐永强,姜兴武.2015.云南镇雄赵家沟灾难性滑坡主控因素及减灾启示[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,26(2):36~42.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.2009.工程地质分析原理(第三版)[M].北京:地质出版社:342~378.
Hu G T.1995.The dynamics of landslide[M].Beijing:Geologica Publishing House:10~36.
Ding X M.2005.A study on the deformation and stability of typical debri&embankment slope with complicated environment in Southwestern China[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science&Technology
He K Q.1998.An analysis on the multilayered slide law of the large-scale accumulative landslides[J].Metal Mine,(7):15~18.
http:∥news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-01/16/c_124235773.htm
Liu C Z.2013.Focusing on the collapse and landslide hazards triggered by the melting of ice and snow[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology.
Rahardjo H,Lee T T,Leong E C,et al.2005.Response of a residual soil slope to rainfall[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,42(2):340~351.
Sassa K.1998.Mechanisms of landslide triggered debris flow[M].Springer:499~518.
Xue G F,Lu G F,Ren J.1986.Study on Xintan landslide[C]∥Typical Landslides in China:200~210.
Yang J B.1994.Comments on the effects of groundwater and rockfall load on the upper section of Xintan landslide[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(5):26~29.
Yao X,Yu K,Zhang Y S,et al.2014.Mechanisms of catastrophic landslide on January 11,2013 in Zhenxiong county:fluidization initiation and movement liquefaction of high porosity soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(5):1047~1053.
Yin Y P,Liu C Z,Chen H Q,et al.2013.Investigation on catastrophic landslide of January 11,2013 at Zhaojiagou,Zhenxiong county,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(1):6~15.
Yin Z Q,Wei G,Tang Y G.2012.Characteristics of multi-model grain size distribution of slip surface soils and deposits of landslides[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,20(6):998~1006.
Yin Z Q,Xu Y Q,Jiang X W.2015.The key triggering factor and its mitigation implication of Zhaojiagou catastrophic landslide in Zhenxiong County,Yunnan province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,26(2):36~42.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.1994.The analytical principle on Engineering Geology[M].Beijing:Geological Press,342~378.
戴福初,陈守义,李焯芬.2000.从土的应力应变特性探讨滑坡发生机理[J].岩土工程学报,22(1):127~130.
丁秀美.2005.西南地区复杂环境下典型堆积(填)体斜坡变形及稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.
贺可强.1998.大型堆积层滑坡的多层滑移规律分析[J].金属矿山,(7):15~18.
胡广韬.1995.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社:10~36.
刘传正.2013.关注冰雪冻融引发的崩塌滑坡灾害[J].水文地质工程地质.
薛果夫,吕贵芳,任江.1986.新滩滑坡研究[C]∥中国典型滑坡.200~210.
阳吉宝.1994.地下水和岩崩加载在新滩滑坡上段作用的讨论[J].水文地质工程地质,(5):26~29.
姚鑫,余凯,张永双,等.2014.“1·11”镇雄灾难性滑坡滑动机制-高孔隙度土流态化启动与滑动液化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,33(5):1047~1053.
殷跃平,刘传正,陈红旗,等.2013.2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,21(1):6~15.
殷志强,魏刚,唐永光.2012.滑坡滑带(面)土及堆积物的粒度多组分分布特征研究[J].工程地质学报,20(6):998~1006.
殷志强,徐永强,姜兴武.2015.云南镇雄赵家沟灾难性滑坡主控因素及减灾启示[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,26(2):36~42.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.2009.工程地质分析原理(第三版)[M].北京:地质出版社:342~378.