信息技术对城市生活服务业空间分布的影响——以北京网络外卖餐饮业为例
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摘要
电子商务的蓬勃发展正在不断重塑城市内部空间结构。利用网络爬虫工具从外卖平台"饿了么"抓取北京主城区网络外卖餐馆的空间属性并现场调研中关村片区餐饮业,对比完全网络化餐馆、混合型餐馆和传统餐馆的空间分布特征和影响因素。研究发现,信息技术促使其在一定程度上摆脱了对交通区位和原有餐馆集聚区的依赖,趋向于在租金低廉区域分布,进而在空间上扩散;市场导向特征决定了网络外卖餐馆仍受传统区位决策因素限制而在一定空间内集聚。在信息技术的扩散力量和传统区位决策因素的集聚力量共同作用下,网络外卖餐馆最终呈"分散的集中"特征,直到下一次技术革命出现,新的均衡重新形成。信息技术影响下,不同城市功能空间相互渗透,未来城市土地利用形态、城市空间结构将更加多元化、混合化。
The vigorous development of e-commerce constantly reshapes the urban spatial structure. This paper grabbed the spatial attribute information of online takeaway restaurants in main urban area of Beijing from China′s largest online takeaway platform "Eleme" through web crawler tool. Then we compare the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors among the completely online restaurants, mixed restaurants and traditional restaurants. The study found that information and communication technology(ICT) has changed the online takeaway sales channels through replacing shop consumption by delivering home, taking place of realistic consumer flow by virtual Internet flow. As a result, the online takeaway restaurants have got rid of dependence on traffic location and the original restaurants gathering areas and tend to locate in shanty towns and other low-rent regions, then diffusing in urban area. At the same time, the market orientation of online restaurants determines that they are still under the constraint of existing social and economic spatial pattern. The traditional location decision factors like time and system cost and so on will limit the online restaurants to concentrate in a certain space range. The interaction of diffusion caused by ICT and agglomeration power of traditional location decision factors makes the online restaurants "concentrate dispersedly" in space until the next technological revolution in which the old pattern breaks and a new balance forms. Under the influence of ICT, different urban function spaces will penetrate mutually, making the future urban land use pattern and spatial structure more diversified and mixed.
The vigorous development of e-commerce constantly reshapes the urban spatial structure. This paper grabbed the spatial attribute information of online takeaway restaurants in main urban area of Beijing from China′s largest online takeaway platform "Eleme" through web crawler tool. Then we compare the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors among the completely online restaurants, mixed restaurants and traditional restaurants. The study found that information and communication technology(ICT) has changed the online takeaway sales channels through replacing shop consumption by delivering home, taking place of realistic consumer flow by virtual Internet flow. As a result, the online takeaway restaurants have got rid of dependence on traffic location and the original restaurants gathering areas and tend to locate in shanty towns and other low-rent regions, then diffusing in urban area. At the same time, the market orientation of online restaurants determines that they are still under the constraint of existing social and economic spatial pattern. The traditional location decision factors like time and system cost and so on will limit the online restaurants to concentrate in a certain space range. The interaction of diffusion caused by ICT and agglomeration power of traditional location decision factors makes the online restaurants "concentrate dispersedly" in space until the next technological revolution in which the old pattern breaks and a new balance forms. Under the influence of ICT, different urban function spaces will penetrate mutually, making the future urban land use pattern and spatial structure more diversified and mixed.
引文
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[20] 王贤文,徐申萌.中国C2C淘宝网络店铺的地理分布[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(12):1564-1569.
[21] 郑文升,金丽娟,姜玉培,等.中国C2C电子商铺与物流网点地区分布关系[J].经济地理,2016,36(3):83-90.
[22] 秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.
[23] 路紫,王文婷,张秋娈,等.体验性网络团购对城市商业空间组织的影响[J].人文地理,2013,28(5):101-104.
[24] 黄莹,甄峰,汪侠,等.电子商务影响下的以南京主城区经济型连锁酒店空间组织与扩张研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(10):56-62.
[25] 史坤博,杨永春,白硕,等.成都市体验性网络团购市场发展的空间特征[J].地理研究,2016,35(1):108-122.
[26] 张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等.2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8):1207-1215.
[27] 舒舍玉,王润,孙艳伟,等.城市餐饮业的空间格局及影响因素分析——以厦门市为例[J].热带地理,2012,32(2):134-140.
[28] 张旭,徐逸伦.南京市餐饮设施空间分布及其影响因素研究[J].热带地理,2009,29(4):362-367.
[2] Leamer E E,Storper M.The economic geography of the internet age[M].Palgrave Macmillan UK,2014.
[3] Graham S,Marvin S.Telecommunications and the city:Electronic spaces,urban places[M].Routledge,2002.
[4] Drucker P F.Information and the future of the city[J].Urban Land,1989,48(6):38-39.
[5] 刘卫东,Peter Dicken,杨伟聪.信息技术对企业空间组织的影响——以诺基亚北京星网工业园为例[J].地理研究,2004,23(6):833-844.
[6] 宋周莺,刘卫东,刘毅.中小企业集群信息技术应用及其影响因素分析——以温岭市鞋业集群为例[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(4):121-129.
[7] 宋周莺,丁疆辉,刘卫东,等.信息技术对中国服装企业空间组织的影响[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):435-444.
[8] 丁疆辉,宋周莺,刘卫东.企业信息技术应用与产业链空间变化——以中国服装纺织企业为例[J].地理研究,2009,28(4):883-892.
[9] 宋周莺,刘卫东.信息技术对产业集群空间组织的影响研究[J].世界地理研究,2013,22(1):57-64.
[10] 史坤博,杨永春,杨欣傲,等.时间成本是否成为电子商务区位的核心机制——基于成都市O2O电子商务的实证分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(3):500-514.
[11] Farag,S.,Krizek,K.J.,Dijst,M.E-Shopping and its relationship with in-store shopping:empirical evidence from the Netherlands and the USA[J].Transport Rev,26(1),43-61 (2006a)
[12] Farag,S.,T.Schwanen,M.Dijst,and J.Faber.Shopping Online and/orIn-Store?A Structural Equation Model of the Relationships Between E-Shopping and In-Store Shopping.Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2007,41(2):125-41.
[13] Sener,Ipek N.,and Phillip R.Reeder.An examination of behavioral linkages across ICT choice dimensions:copula modeling of telecommuting and teleshopping choice behavior[J].Environment and Planning A,2012,44(6):1459-1478.
[14] Zhou,Y.,Wang,X.C.:Explore the relationship between online shopping and shopping trips:an analysis with the 2009 NHTS data.Transp[J].Res.Part A Policy Pract,2014,70,1-9.
[15] Ferrell C.Home-based teleshopping and shopping travel:Where do people find the time?[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2005 (1926):212-223.
[16] Zhen,Feng,et al.The association between spatial attributes and e-shopping in the shopping process for search goods and experience goods:Evidence from Nanjing[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2018 (66):291-299.
[17] Ren,F.,and M.P.Kwan.The Impact of Geographic Context on E-Shopping Behavior[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2009,36:262-278.
[18] Loo,Becky PY,and Bo Wang.Factors associated with home-based e-working and e-shopping in Nanjing,China[J].Transportation,2018,45(2):365-384.
[19] 曾思敏,陈忠暖.信息时代我国电子商铺区位取向的实证分析[J].人文地理,2011,26(5):88-93.
[20] 王贤文,徐申萌.中国C2C淘宝网络店铺的地理分布[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(12):1564-1569.
[21] 郑文升,金丽娟,姜玉培,等.中国C2C电子商铺与物流网点地区分布关系[J].经济地理,2016,36(3):83-90.
[22] 秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.
[23] 路紫,王文婷,张秋娈,等.体验性网络团购对城市商业空间组织的影响[J].人文地理,2013,28(5):101-104.
[24] 黄莹,甄峰,汪侠,等.电子商务影响下的以南京主城区经济型连锁酒店空间组织与扩张研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(10):56-62.
[25] 史坤博,杨永春,白硕,等.成都市体验性网络团购市场发展的空间特征[J].地理研究,2016,35(1):108-122.
[26] 张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等.2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8):1207-1215.
[27] 舒舍玉,王润,孙艳伟,等.城市餐饮业的空间格局及影响因素分析——以厦门市为例[J].热带地理,2012,32(2):134-140.
[28] 张旭,徐逸伦.南京市餐饮设施空间分布及其影响因素研究[J].热带地理,2009,29(4):362-367.