移动式烟尘净化器对电焊作业危害的控制效果评价
|
摘要
目的评价电焊作业场所安装移动式烟尘净化器的防护效果。方法通过对专用车制造车间移动式烟尘净化器安装前、后不同时间电焊作业产生的电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物的浓度,排尘罩口风速进行检测,并对移动式烟尘净化器的净化效果进行分析。结果安装移动式烟尘净化装置前,焊接岗位电焊烟尘浓度是职业接触限值的1.2～3.0倍。安装净化装置后,焊接岗位烟尘浓度均低于国家职业接触限值。安装移动式烟尘净化装置前,4个焊接岗位的锰及其化合物浓度是职业接触限值的1.2～11.9倍。安装净化装置后,有2个岗位的锰及其化合物浓度超标,是职业接触限值的1.5～2.0倍。锰及其化合物的浓度在净化装置运行第2天达到国家职业接触限值的0.15mg/m3,第3天的浓度为0.19mg/m3。电焊作业控制点的风速在0.15～0.24m/s,不能将电焊烟气全部吸入罩内。结论移动式烟尘净化器能有效控制专用车制造车间电焊作业产生的电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物浓度,但应对净化装置的滤料定期进行清洗、更换。
Objective To assess the protective effect of mobile fume purifier on welding workplaces. Methods The concentration of welding fume,manganese and its components were detected before and after the mobile fume purifiers were installed.The face velocity of dust exhaust hoods was also detected,and the purifying effect of mobile fume purifiers was assessed. Results Before the mobile fume purifiers were installed,the concentration of welding smoke and dust in the welding positions was 1.2-3.0times as the occupational exposure limits(OELs).After the installation,the concentration of welding smoke and dust was lower than the OELs.Before the mobile fume purifiers were installed,the concentration of manganese and its components in four welding positions were 1.2-11.9times as the OELs.After the installation,there were two positions with concentration of manganese and its components at 1.5-2.0times as the OELs.The concentration of manganese and its compounds met the national occupational exposure limit(0.15mg/m3)after the purifier worked 2days,then the concentration reached 0.19mg/m3 on the 3rd day.The wind speed of welding operation control point was 0.15-0.24m/s,which could not inhale all the welding smoke into the dust hood. Conclusion Mobile fume purifiers can effectively control the concentration of welding fume,manganese and its components which are produced in welding operation of special vehicle manufacturing workshop.Filter materials need to be cleaned or replaced for the purification effect of these purifiers at regular intervals.
Objective To assess the protective effect of mobile fume purifier on welding workplaces. Methods The concentration of welding fume,manganese and its components were detected before and after the mobile fume purifiers were installed.The face velocity of dust exhaust hoods was also detected,and the purifying effect of mobile fume purifiers was assessed. Results Before the mobile fume purifiers were installed,the concentration of welding smoke and dust in the welding positions was 1.2-3.0times as the occupational exposure limits(OELs).After the installation,the concentration of welding smoke and dust was lower than the OELs.Before the mobile fume purifiers were installed,the concentration of manganese and its components in four welding positions were 1.2-11.9times as the OELs.After the installation,there were two positions with concentration of manganese and its components at 1.5-2.0times as the OELs.The concentration of manganese and its compounds met the national occupational exposure limit(0.15mg/m3)after the purifier worked 2days,then the concentration reached 0.19mg/m3 on the 3rd day.The wind speed of welding operation control point was 0.15-0.24m/s,which could not inhale all the welding smoke into the dust hood. Conclusion Mobile fume purifiers can effectively control the concentration of welding fume,manganese and its components which are produced in welding operation of special vehicle manufacturing workshop.Filter materials need to be cleaned or replaced for the purification effect of these purifiers at regular intervals.
引文
[1]李昌梅.CO2气体保护焊在汽车焊接中的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2006,(5):43-45.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 159-2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-6.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ/T 192.1-2007《工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分:总粉尘浓度》[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:1-5.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ 2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:11.
[5]邵强,胡伟江,张东普.职业病危害卫生工程控制技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:47-52.
[6]Sharifian SA,Loukzadeh Z,Shojaoddiny-Ardekani A,etal.Pulmonary adverse effects of welding fume in automobile assembly welders[J].Acta medica Iranica 2011;49(2):98-102.
[7]Loukzadeh Z,Sharifian SA,Aminian O,et al.Pulmonary effects of spot welding in automobile assembly[J].Occup Med(Lond)2009;59(4):267-269.
[8]Wang X,Deng FR,Lv HB,et al.Long-term effects of air pollution on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in adults of Beijing[J].Journal of Peking University Health sciences,2011,43(3):356-359.
[9]张婷,黄萍萍.电焊作业工人血锰及临床症状分析[J].中国误诊学杂志2010,10(22):5345-5346.
[10]刘天敏.移动式电焊烟尘治理效果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2010,9(3):180-181.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 159-2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-6.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ/T 192.1-2007《工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分:总粉尘浓度》[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:1-5.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ 2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:11.
[5]邵强,胡伟江,张东普.职业病危害卫生工程控制技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:47-52.
[6]Sharifian SA,Loukzadeh Z,Shojaoddiny-Ardekani A,etal.Pulmonary adverse effects of welding fume in automobile assembly welders[J].Acta medica Iranica 2011;49(2):98-102.
[7]Loukzadeh Z,Sharifian SA,Aminian O,et al.Pulmonary effects of spot welding in automobile assembly[J].Occup Med(Lond)2009;59(4):267-269.
[8]Wang X,Deng FR,Lv HB,et al.Long-term effects of air pollution on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in adults of Beijing[J].Journal of Peking University Health sciences,2011,43(3):356-359.
[9]张婷,黄萍萍.电焊作业工人血锰及临床症状分析[J].中国误诊学杂志2010,10(22):5345-5346.
[10]刘天敏.移动式电焊烟尘治理效果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2010,9(3):180-181.