不同淀粉来源饲粮中添加酵母培养物对育肥湖羊生长性能、养分消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同淀粉来源(SS)饲粮中添加酵母培养物(YC)对育肥湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能、养分消化及瘤胃发酵参数的影响。采用2×2因子试验设计,选取体重约为(21.69±2.49) kg的2月龄湖羊公羔120只,随机分为4组,分别为添加1%YC的大麦淀粉(BS-1)组、大麦淀粉(BS)组、添加1%YC的玉米淀粉(CS-1)组、玉米淀粉(CS)组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)各组末重、平均日增重、干物质采食量和料重比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚度、GR值、尾脂重及肾周脂重均无显著差异(P>0.05),但BS-1组、CS-1组眼肌面积显著高于BS组、CS组(P<0.05)。3)各组干物质、有机物表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),但BS-1组、CS-1组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于BS组、CS组(P<0.05); 4)各组总挥发性脂肪酸含量及丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异丁酸、异戊酸占总挥发性脂肪酸比例无显著差异(P>0.05),而BS组乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸比例显著高于CS组(P<0.05)。综上,不同SS来源饲粮中添加YC未改变瘤胃发酵类型,但显著提高饲粮NDF与ADF表观消化率,进而提高育肥湖羊对粗饲料的利用率。
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of yeast culture( YC) supplementation in diets with different starch sources on growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation parameters of Hu sheep. The experiment adopted a 2×2 factorial arrangement. A total of 120 two-month-old healthy Hu sheep [( 21.69±2.49) kg] were assigned to four groups: the barley starch supplemented with 1% YC( BS-1) group,the barley starch( BS) group,the corn starch supplemented with 1% YC(CS-1) group and the corn starch(CS) group,with five replicates in each group and 6 sheep in each replicates. The preliminary test period was 7 d and the formal trial period was 56 d. The results showed as follows:1) there were no significant differences in final weight,average daily gain,dry matter intake and the ratio of feed to gain among groups( P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in live weight before slaughter,carcass weight,dressing percentage,back-fat thickness,GR value,tail fat weight and perirenal fat weight among groups( P>0.05),but the eye muscle area of groups BS-1 and CS-1 were significantly higher than those in groups BS and CS( P<0.05). 3) The apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in groups were no significant difference( P > 0. 05),but the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber( NDF) and acid detergent fiber( ADF) in groups BS-1 and CS-1 were significantly higher than those in groups BS and CS( P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in total volatile fatty acid( TVFA) content,the ratios of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid to TVFA and the ratio of acetic to propionic among groups( P>0.05),but the ratio of acetate to TVFA in group BS was significantly higher than that in group CS( P<0.05). In summary,YC supplementation in diets with different starch sources does not change ruminal fermentation pattern,but significantly increase the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF,thereby increasing the utilization of roughage.
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of yeast culture( YC) supplementation in diets with different starch sources on growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation parameters of Hu sheep. The experiment adopted a 2×2 factorial arrangement. A total of 120 two-month-old healthy Hu sheep [( 21.69±2.49) kg] were assigned to four groups: the barley starch supplemented with 1% YC( BS-1) group,the barley starch( BS) group,the corn starch supplemented with 1% YC(CS-1) group and the corn starch(CS) group,with five replicates in each group and 6 sheep in each replicates. The preliminary test period was 7 d and the formal trial period was 56 d. The results showed as follows:1) there were no significant differences in final weight,average daily gain,dry matter intake and the ratio of feed to gain among groups( P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in live weight before slaughter,carcass weight,dressing percentage,back-fat thickness,GR value,tail fat weight and perirenal fat weight among groups( P>0.05),but the eye muscle area of groups BS-1 and CS-1 were significantly higher than those in groups BS and CS( P<0.05). 3) The apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in groups were no significant difference( P > 0. 05),but the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber( NDF) and acid detergent fiber( ADF) in groups BS-1 and CS-1 were significantly higher than those in groups BS and CS( P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in total volatile fatty acid( TVFA) content,the ratios of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid to TVFA and the ratio of acetic to propionic among groups( P>0.05),but the ratio of acetate to TVFA in group BS was significantly higher than that in group CS( P<0.05). In summary,YC supplementation in diets with different starch sources does not change ruminal fermentation pattern,but significantly increase the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF,thereby increasing the utilization of roughage.
引文
[1] OBA M,ALLEN M S.Effects of corn grain conservation method on feeding behavior and productivity of lactating dairy cow s at tw o dietary starch concentrations[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(1):174-183.
[2] KOENIG K M,BEAUCHEMIN K A,RODE L M.Effect of grain processing and silage on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle fed barley-based diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):1057-1067.
[3]余群莲.不同来源淀粉对肉牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2011:12-49.
[4] HATEW B,PODESTA S C,VAN LAAR H,et al.Effects of dietary starch content and rate of fermentation on methane production in lactating dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(1):486-499.
[5] BOERMAN J P,POTTS S B,VANDEHAAR M J,et al. M ilk production responses to a change in dietary starch concentration vary by production level in dairy cattle[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(7):4698-4706.
[6] ALI K,ULLAH I,UDDIN H.Study on the effects of dietary supplementation of inactive dry yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)on feed intake,body w eight gain and fecal microbiota of crossbreds steers[J]. International Journal of Biosciences,2017,10(4):288-294.
[7] KUMAR U,SAREEN V K,SINGH S.Effect of yeast culture supplement on ruminal microbial populations and metabolism in buffalo calves fed a high roughage diet[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1997,73(2):231-236.
[8] TITI H H,DMOUR R O,ABDULLAH A Y.Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Aw assi lambs and Shami goat kids fed yeast culture in their finishing diet[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,142(1/2):33-43.
[9] MACEDO R,ARREDONDO V,BEAUREGARD J.Influence of yeast culture on productive performance of intensively fattened Pelibuey lambs in Colima,México[J]. Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria,2014,10(3):69-80.
[10]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 816—2004肉羊饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[11]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993.
[12]翁秀秀.饲喂不同日粮奶牛瘤胃发酵和VFA吸收特性及其相关基因表达的研究[D].博士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013:19-20.
[13] POPPY G D,RABIEE A R,LEAN I J,et al.A metaanalysis of the effects of feeding yeast culture produced by anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production of lactating dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(10):6027-6041.
[14]耿春银.活性酵母与酵母培养物饲喂育肥牛生长性能、胴体指标和牛肉品质的比较[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015:7-14.
[15] NOCEK J E,HOLT M G,OPPY J.Effects of supplementation w ith yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on performance of early lactation dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(8):4046-4056.
[16]那日苏.酵母培养物对绵羊瘤胃发酵与生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003:32-33.
[17] KWIZERA A.Effect of yeast culture supplementation on grow th performance of crossbred calves[D]. M aster's Thesis. M aharashtra:M ahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,2012:1-58.
[18] SWYERS K L,CARLSON B A,NIGHTINGALE K K,et al.Naturally colonized beef cattle populations fed combinations of yeast culture and an ionophore in finishing diets containing dried distiller's grains w ith solubles had similar fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157∶H7[J]. Journal of Food Protection,2011,74(6):912-918.
[19]蔡建森,刁其玉.舍饲肉羊的营养需要量[C]//第三届中国羊业发展大会.兰州:中国畜牧业协会,2006.
[20] TITI H H,ABDULLAH A Y,LUBBADEH W F,et al. Grow th and carcass characteristics of male dairy calves on a yeast culture-supplemented diet[J]. South African Journal of Animal Science,2008,38(3):174-183.
[21] HINMAN D D,SORENSEN S J,MOMONT P A,et al.Effect of yeast culture on steer performance,apparent diet digestibility,and carcass measurements w hen used in a barley and potato finishing diet[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,1998,14(3):173-177.
[22]刘文.不同直/支链淀粉比对羔羊生长性能、养分消化率及肉质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015:24-26.
[23]蒋小军.酵母培养物对山羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵及饲料消失率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2005:19-29.
[24] DESNOYERS M,GIGER-REVERDIN S,BERTIN G,et al.M eta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1620-1632.
[25] HADDAD S G,GOUSSOUS S N.Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake,digestibility and grow th performance of Aw assi lambs[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2005,118(3/4):343-348.
[26]张昌吉,刘哲,郝正里,等.添加酵母培养物对饲粮营养物质消化的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(3):82-86.
[27]王卫正.酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能、表观消化率、抗氧化功能及免疫能力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2016:32-33.
[28] DOLEZAL P,DOLEZAL J,SZWEDZIAK K,et al.Use of yeast culture in the TM R of dairy Holstein cow s[J]. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science,2012,2(1):51-56.
[29] JIAO P X,WEI L Y,WALKER N D,et al.Comparison of non-encapsulated and encapsulated active dried yeast on ruminal pH and fermentation,and site and extent of feed digestion in beef heifers fed high-grain diets[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,228:13-22.
[30] LEHLOENYA K V,KREHBIEL C R,MERTZ K J,et al.Effects of propionibacteria and yeast culture fed to steers on nutrient intake and site and extent of digestion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(2):653-662.
[31] VYAS D,UWIZEYE A,MOHAMMED R,et al. The effects of active dried and killed dried yeast on subacute ruminal acidosis,ruminal fermentation,and nutrient digestibility in beef heifers[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(2):724-732.
[32]寇慧娟.酵母培养物对羔羊生产性能、营养物质消化率及瘤胃发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:2-7.
[2] KOENIG K M,BEAUCHEMIN K A,RODE L M.Effect of grain processing and silage on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle fed barley-based diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):1057-1067.
[3]余群莲.不同来源淀粉对肉牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2011:12-49.
[4] HATEW B,PODESTA S C,VAN LAAR H,et al.Effects of dietary starch content and rate of fermentation on methane production in lactating dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(1):486-499.
[5] BOERMAN J P,POTTS S B,VANDEHAAR M J,et al. M ilk production responses to a change in dietary starch concentration vary by production level in dairy cattle[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(7):4698-4706.
[6] ALI K,ULLAH I,UDDIN H.Study on the effects of dietary supplementation of inactive dry yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)on feed intake,body w eight gain and fecal microbiota of crossbreds steers[J]. International Journal of Biosciences,2017,10(4):288-294.
[7] KUMAR U,SAREEN V K,SINGH S.Effect of yeast culture supplement on ruminal microbial populations and metabolism in buffalo calves fed a high roughage diet[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1997,73(2):231-236.
[8] TITI H H,DMOUR R O,ABDULLAH A Y.Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Aw assi lambs and Shami goat kids fed yeast culture in their finishing diet[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,142(1/2):33-43.
[9] MACEDO R,ARREDONDO V,BEAUREGARD J.Influence of yeast culture on productive performance of intensively fattened Pelibuey lambs in Colima,México[J]. Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria,2014,10(3):69-80.
[10]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 816—2004肉羊饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[11]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993.
[12]翁秀秀.饲喂不同日粮奶牛瘤胃发酵和VFA吸收特性及其相关基因表达的研究[D].博士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013:19-20.
[13] POPPY G D,RABIEE A R,LEAN I J,et al.A metaanalysis of the effects of feeding yeast culture produced by anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production of lactating dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(10):6027-6041.
[14]耿春银.活性酵母与酵母培养物饲喂育肥牛生长性能、胴体指标和牛肉品质的比较[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015:7-14.
[15] NOCEK J E,HOLT M G,OPPY J.Effects of supplementation w ith yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on performance of early lactation dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(8):4046-4056.
[16]那日苏.酵母培养物对绵羊瘤胃发酵与生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003:32-33.
[17] KWIZERA A.Effect of yeast culture supplementation on grow th performance of crossbred calves[D]. M aster's Thesis. M aharashtra:M ahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,2012:1-58.
[18] SWYERS K L,CARLSON B A,NIGHTINGALE K K,et al.Naturally colonized beef cattle populations fed combinations of yeast culture and an ionophore in finishing diets containing dried distiller's grains w ith solubles had similar fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157∶H7[J]. Journal of Food Protection,2011,74(6):912-918.
[19]蔡建森,刁其玉.舍饲肉羊的营养需要量[C]//第三届中国羊业发展大会.兰州:中国畜牧业协会,2006.
[20] TITI H H,ABDULLAH A Y,LUBBADEH W F,et al. Grow th and carcass characteristics of male dairy calves on a yeast culture-supplemented diet[J]. South African Journal of Animal Science,2008,38(3):174-183.
[21] HINMAN D D,SORENSEN S J,MOMONT P A,et al.Effect of yeast culture on steer performance,apparent diet digestibility,and carcass measurements w hen used in a barley and potato finishing diet[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,1998,14(3):173-177.
[22]刘文.不同直/支链淀粉比对羔羊生长性能、养分消化率及肉质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015:24-26.
[23]蒋小军.酵母培养物对山羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵及饲料消失率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2005:19-29.
[24] DESNOYERS M,GIGER-REVERDIN S,BERTIN G,et al.M eta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1620-1632.
[25] HADDAD S G,GOUSSOUS S N.Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake,digestibility and grow th performance of Aw assi lambs[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2005,118(3/4):343-348.
[26]张昌吉,刘哲,郝正里,等.添加酵母培养物对饲粮营养物质消化的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(3):82-86.
[27]王卫正.酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能、表观消化率、抗氧化功能及免疫能力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2016:32-33.
[28] DOLEZAL P,DOLEZAL J,SZWEDZIAK K,et al.Use of yeast culture in the TM R of dairy Holstein cow s[J]. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science,2012,2(1):51-56.
[29] JIAO P X,WEI L Y,WALKER N D,et al.Comparison of non-encapsulated and encapsulated active dried yeast on ruminal pH and fermentation,and site and extent of feed digestion in beef heifers fed high-grain diets[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,228:13-22.
[30] LEHLOENYA K V,KREHBIEL C R,MERTZ K J,et al.Effects of propionibacteria and yeast culture fed to steers on nutrient intake and site and extent of digestion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(2):653-662.
[31] VYAS D,UWIZEYE A,MOHAMMED R,et al. The effects of active dried and killed dried yeast on subacute ruminal acidosis,ruminal fermentation,and nutrient digestibility in beef heifers[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(2):724-732.
[32]寇慧娟.酵母培养物对羔羊生产性能、营养物质消化率及瘤胃发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:2-7.