附着金属体染污绝缘表面局部电弧特性研究
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摘要
为了获取附着金属导体染污绝缘表面局部放电机理,开展小尺寸附着金属导体复合绝缘材料试片人工污秽试验,并结合仿真分析,深入研究污层宽度与附着金属相对尺寸造成放电现象差异的原因,为提出切实可行的抑制局部电弧措施提供了理论基础。试验和仿真结果表明:干燥带是影响局部电弧放电最本质的原因,悬浮电位导体的存在决定了干燥带产生的位置,也就确定了局部电弧产生的位置。污层宽度与金属体的相对尺寸对局部放电有明显的影响:当污层宽度远大于附着金属块尺寸时,形成的干带不能贯穿污层,干带的最大电场强度达不到放电起始场强,金属块附近始终不会出现明显的局部电弧现象;当污秽宽度与附着金属块尺寸相当时,干燥带会贯穿污层并承担大部分的电压,从而使电场强度超过放电起始场强,金属块附近会出现明显的局部电弧现象。
In order to obtain the mechanism of partial discharge on contaminated insulation surface adhered with metal conductor, artificial contamination test of small size composite insulating material specimens attached with metal conductors was carried out. Combining with simulation analysis, the difference in the discharge phenomena caused by the relative size between width of contamination layer and adhered metal was studied in depth, which can provide a theoretical basis for proposing practical measures to suppress partial arcs. Test and simulation results show that dry band is the most essential factor affecting partial arc discharge. The location of the dry band and the location of the partial arc are determined by the suspended potential conductors. The relative size of fouling layer and attached conductor has obvious influence on partial discharge. When the width of the fouling layer is much larger than the size of the attached metal, the dry band can't penetrate the fouling layer. The maximum electric field strength of the dry band can't reach the initial electric field strength of the discharge, and there will always be no obvious partial arc near the metal. When the width of the fouling layer is about the same as the size of the attached metal,the dry band will penetrate the fouling layer and bear most of the voltage, so that the electric field strength exceeds the initial discharge field strength, and there will be obvious partial arc near the metal.
In order to obtain the mechanism of partial discharge on contaminated insulation surface adhered with metal conductor, artificial contamination test of small size composite insulating material specimens attached with metal conductors was carried out. Combining with simulation analysis, the difference in the discharge phenomena caused by the relative size between width of contamination layer and adhered metal was studied in depth, which can provide a theoretical basis for proposing practical measures to suppress partial arcs. Test and simulation results show that dry band is the most essential factor affecting partial arc discharge. The location of the dry band and the location of the partial arc are determined by the suspended potential conductors. The relative size of fouling layer and attached conductor has obvious influence on partial discharge. When the width of the fouling layer is much larger than the size of the attached metal, the dry band can't penetrate the fouling layer. The maximum electric field strength of the dry band can't reach the initial electric field strength of the discharge, and there will always be no obvious partial arc near the metal. When the width of the fouling layer is about the same as the size of the attached metal,the dry band will penetrate the fouling layer and bear most of the voltage, so that the electric field strength exceeds the initial discharge field strength, and there will be obvious partial arc near the metal.
引文
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[26]司马文霞,杨庆,孙才新.基于有限元和神经网络方法对超高压合成绝缘子均压环结构优化的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(17):115-120.Sima Wenxia,Yang Qing,Sun Caixin,et al.Optimization of corona ring design for EHV composite insulator using finite and neural network method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(17):115-120(in Chinese).
[2]陈祥和,刘在国,肖琦.输电杆塔及基础设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2013.Chen Xianghe,Liu Zaiguo,Xiao Qi.Transmission tower and foundation design[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2013(in Chinese).
[3]安利强,赵东东,默增禄,等.纤维增强复合材料输电杆塔研究进展[J].智能电网,2014,2(5):38-45.An Liqiang,Zhao Dongdong,Mo Zenglu,et al.Recent progress of fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials transmission poles and towers[J].Smart Grid,2014,2(5):38-45(in Chinese).
[4]Miller M F,Hosford G S,Boozer III J F.Fiberglass distribution poles a case study[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1995,10(1):497-503.
[5]Dutt V,Lacoursiere B.Composite utility poles:advances in design,materials&manufacturing[C]//2005/2006IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,Dallas,TX,IEEE,2006:1243.
[6]曹宁.110kV输电线路复合材料杆塔的应用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.Cao Ning.The applied research on composite material towers of 110k V transmission line[D].Guangzhou,China:South China University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[7]胡毅,刘庭,刘凯,等.110kV输电线路复合材料杆塔特性试验研究[J].高电压技术,2011,37(4):801-807.Hu Yi,Liu Ting,Liu Kai,et al.Experimental research on performance of composite materials pole of 110kVtransmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):801-807(in Chinese).
[8]任宗栋,刘泉,默增禄.纤维增强复合材料输电杆塔节点设计及优化[J].电力建设,2011,32(4):87-91.Ren Zongdong,Liu Quan,Mo Zenglu.Joint design and optimization of FRB tower[J].Electric Power Construction,2011,32(4):87-91(in Chinese).
[9]刘宗喜.复合绝缘材料杆塔外绝缘特性及配置研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.Liu Zongxi.Study on external insulation characteristics and configuration of composite insulating material tower[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2016(in Chinese).
[10]郑泞康.复合材料杆塔污秽放电试验及其抑制措施研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.Zheng Ningkang.Study on contaminant discharge test and its restraining method on composite tower[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2014(in Chinese).
[11]Reday B S,Nagabhushana G R.Study of temperature distribution along an artificially polluted insulator string[J].Plasma Science&Technology,2003,5(2):1715-1720.
[12]Vitel M,Tucci V,Petrarca C.Temperature distribution along outdoor insulator subjected to different pollution levels[J].IEEE Transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2000,7(3):416-423.
[13]Salthouse E C.Initiation of dry bands on polluted insulation[J].Proceedings of IEE,1968,115(11):1707-1712.
[14]Salthouse E C.Dry-band formation and flashover in uniform-field gaps[J].Proceedings of IEE,1971,118(3-4):630.
[15]Loberg J O,Salthouse E C.Dry band growth on polluted insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1971,6(13):136-141.
[16]Loberg J O,Salthouse E C.Voltage divisions between nonlinear resistance with positive temperature coefficients[J].Electronics Letters,1968,4(25):552-557.
[17]何洪英,姚建刚,蒋正龙,等.基于支持向量机的高压绝缘子污秽等级红外热像检测[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):70-74,82.He Hongying,Yao Jiangang,Jiang Zhenglong,et al.High-voltage insulator contamination level infrared thermal image detection based on support vector machine[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(24):70-74,82(in Chinese).
[18]何洪英,姚建刚,蒋正龙,等.利用红外图像特征和径向基概率神经网络识别不同湿度条件下绝缘子的污秽等级[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8):117-123.He Hongying,Yao Jiangang,Jiang Zhenglong,et al.Using infrared image features and radial basis function probabilistic neural network to identify the contamination grade of insulators under different humidity conditions[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(8):117-123(in Chinese).
[19]李佐胜,李文利,姚建刚,等.应用绝缘子红外热像处理的现场污秽等级检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(4):132-138.Li Zuosheng,Li Wenli,Yao Jiangang,et al.On-site detection of pollution level of insulators based on infrared-thermal-image processing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(4):132-138(in Chinese).
[20]梁飞,MacAlpine Mark,关志成,等.基于红外热像分析的绝缘子污闪过程中干区形成过程分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(1):138-146.Liang Fei,MacAlpine Mark,Guan Zhicheng,et al.Formation of dry-band in the process of pollution flashover based on infrared thermal image analysis[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(1):138-146(in Chinese).
[21]陈田,叶齐政,李春亮,等.泄漏电流对染污沿面放电热特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2846-2852.Chen Tian,Ye Qizheng,Li Chunliang,et al.Effect of leakage current on thermal characteristics of surface discharge of contaminated materials[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2846-2852(in Chinese).
[22]金立军,田治仁,高凯,等.基于红外与可见光图像信息融合的绝缘子污秽等级识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(13):3682-3691.Jin Lijun,Tian Zhiren,Gao Kai,et al.Insulator contamination level recognition based on infrared and visible image information fusion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(13):3682-3691(in Chinese).
[23]刘又超,蒋兴良,张欢,等.不溶物对绝缘子污闪的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3331-3338.Liu Youchao,Jiang Xingliang,Zhang Huan,et al.The influence of insoluble substances on insulator pollution flashover[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3331-3338(in Chinese).
[24]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T4585-2004交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.GB/T4585-2004 AC system artificial contamination test of high voltage insulators[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2004(in Chinese).
[25]蒋兴良,杨忠毅,韩兴波,等.硅橡胶复合绝缘子在不同可溶污秽成分下的闪络特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):320-329.Jiang Xingliang,Yang Zhongyi,Han Xingbo,et al.Flashover characteristics of silicone rubber composite insulators with different soluble contaminants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):320-329(in Chinese).
[26]司马文霞,杨庆,孙才新.基于有限元和神经网络方法对超高压合成绝缘子均压环结构优化的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(17):115-120.Sima Wenxia,Yang Qing,Sun Caixin,et al.Optimization of corona ring design for EHV composite insulator using finite and neural network method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(17):115-120(in Chinese).