起垄滴灌对宁夏盐渍土及桑莄草的影响研究
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摘要
为研究起垄滴灌对宁夏盐渍土及桑莄草的影响,在起垄和未起垄两种处理方式下设置3个滴灌灌溉定额:1 080、1 170和1 260 m3/hm2。通过田间定位试验研究不同地表处理方式及灌溉定额对盐渍土渗透性、含水率、含盐量及桑莄草生长的影响。试验结果表明:滴灌有助于将0～20 cm土层土壤含盐量控制在3 g/kg以下,随灌溉定额增加土壤含盐量降低明显;起垄滴灌处理的土壤含盐量低于未起垄处理,桑莄草长势优于未起垄处理。灌溉定额超过1 170 m3/hm2时,桑莄草各项生长指标差异不明显;考虑到试验区地处干旱区,淡水资源有限,灌水量高不利于水分利用效率的提高。因此,起垄滴灌,灌溉定额为1 170 m3/hm2适宜于宁夏引黄灌区盐渍土桑莄草种植。
In order to study the effects of ridge drip irrigation on Ningxia saline soil and forage sorghum,three drip irrigation quotas,including 1 080,1 170 and 1 260 m3/hm2,were set under ridge and non-ridged planting methods. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting methods and irrigation quotas on the permeability,water moisture,salinity and forage sorghum growth of saline soils. The results show that: drip irrigation can control the soil salinity of 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer below 3 g/kg,and the soil salinity decreases with the increase of irrigation quota; the soil salinity of ridge irrigation is lower than that of non-ridge treatment; the growth of forage sorghum is better than that of non-ridge treatment; when the irrigation quota exceeds 1 170 m3/hm2,the difference of growth indexes of forage sorghum is not significant. Considering that the experimental area is located in arid area and the fresh water resources are limited,the high irrigation amount is not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency. Therefore,ridge irrigation with irrigation quota of 1 170 m3/hm2 is suitable for planting the forage sorghum in the saline soil of Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.
In order to study the effects of ridge drip irrigation on Ningxia saline soil and forage sorghum,three drip irrigation quotas,including 1 080,1 170 and 1 260 m3/hm2,were set under ridge and non-ridged planting methods. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting methods and irrigation quotas on the permeability,water moisture,salinity and forage sorghum growth of saline soils. The results show that: drip irrigation can control the soil salinity of 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer below 3 g/kg,and the soil salinity decreases with the increase of irrigation quota; the soil salinity of ridge irrigation is lower than that of non-ridge treatment; the growth of forage sorghum is better than that of non-ridge treatment; when the irrigation quota exceeds 1 170 m3/hm2,the difference of growth indexes of forage sorghum is not significant. Considering that the experimental area is located in arid area and the fresh water resources are limited,the high irrigation amount is not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency. Therefore,ridge irrigation with irrigation quota of 1 170 m3/hm2 is suitable for planting the forage sorghum in the saline soil of Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.
引文
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[2] Jia Q M,Chen Y Y,Liu B R,et al. Soil physic-chemical propertiesand microbial quantities in different pastures in arid area of saline-al-kali soil[J]. Pratacultural Science,2014,31(7):1 218-1 225.
[3]王旭,孙兆军,韩磊,等.砾石暗沟提高脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土效果及油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(22):143-151.
[4] Meena M D,Joshi P K,Jat H S,et al. Changes in biological andchemical properties of saline soil amended with municipal solid wastecompost and chemical fertilizers in a mustard-pearl millet croppingsystem[J]. Catena,2016,140:1-8.
[5]董世德,万书勤,孙甲霞.不同覆盖措施对滴灌盐渍土水盐分布及枸杞生长的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,(1):1-11.
[6] El-Sanat G,Aiad M,Amer M. Impact of some soil amendments anddifferent tillage depths on saline heavy clay soils properties and itsyield water productivity[J]. International Journal of Plant&Soil Sci-ence,2017,14(2):1-13.
[7]栗现文,靳孟贵,袁晶晶,等.微咸水膜下滴灌棉田漫灌洗盐评价[J].水利学报,2014,45(9):1 091-1 098.
[8] Reyes-Cabrera J,Zotarelli L,Dukes M D,et al. Soil moisture distri-bution under drip irrigation and seepage for potato production[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,169:183-192.
[9] Rameshwaran P,Tepe A,Yazar A,et al. Effects of drip-irrigationregimes with saline water on pepper productivity and soil salinity undergreenhouse conditions[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2016,199:114-123.
[10]徐亚南,李明思.滴灌频率对土壤水盐动态的影响过程研究[J].节水灌溉,2017,(9):20-24.
[11]孙兆军.中国北方典型盐碱地生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[12]崔必波,韩勇,王伟义,等.起垄覆膜与土壤脱盐剂对江苏沿海中重度盐碱地棉花成苗和产量的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(4):339-344.
[13]郝培彤,李玉龙,栾瑞涛,等. 21份引进BMR饲草高粱萌发期苗期耐旱耐盐性评价[J].草业科学,2018,35(5):1 199-1 207.
[14]王遵亲,祝寿全.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[15]闫少锋,吴玉柏,俞双恩,等.不同水量淋洗方式下滨海盐渍土改良效果[J].节水灌溉,2014,(9):60-62.(下转第42页)
[16]雷金银,班乃荣,张永宏,等.柽柳对盐碱土养分与盐分的影响及其区化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):73-76.
[17]郭建忠.不同滴灌水量和种植方式对盐碱土水盐运移和牧草生长的影响[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.
[18]龚江.滴灌棉田水盐迁移规律及其改善棉花耐盐机制研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[19]张建中,闫治斌,王学,等.多功能调理剂对甘肃河西内陆盐渍土理化性质和甜高粱产草量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(5):901-909.
[20]景鹏成,王树林,陈乙实,等.耐盐牧草对南疆地区盐渍土的适应和改良研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):56-63.
[21]高传昌,赵楠,汪顺生.小麦、玉米一体化垄作沟灌技术要素试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(2):23-25.
[22] Cantore V,Lechkar O,Karabulut E,et al. Combined effect of defi-cit irrigation and strobilurin application on yield,fruit quality andwater use efficiency of“cherry”tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2016,167:53-61.