高强度间歇训练对青年男子篮球运动员有氧、无氧运动能力的影响
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摘要
目的探讨不同高强度间歇训练(HIT)方案对青年男子篮球运动员有氧无氧运动能力、生理适应以及肌肉损伤的影响。方法 45名男子篮球运动员随机分为上肢HIT组、下肢HIT组和对照组,每组n=15。对照组进行常规训练,上肢HIT组和下肢HIT组在常规训练基础上分别进行4周(2次/周)上肢或下肢HIT方案训练。于实验前后通过递增负荷实验测定有氧运动能力,Wingate实验测定无氧运动能力,取静脉血测定血浆肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)含量。结果上肢递增负荷运动实验时,上肢HIT组最大有氧功率(MAP)增加(P<0.05),下肢HIT组乳酸阈功率(P_(LT))升高(P<0.05)。下肢Wingate实验时,下肢HIT组第4次全力蹬车时的平均功率(MP)和峰值功率(PP)上升(P<0.05),第3和第4次全力蹬车时的血乳酸下降(P<0.05)。下肢HIT组T/C比值上调(P<0.05)。对照组各指标均无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论青年男子篮球运动员上肢HIT仅改善上肢有氧运动能力,而下肢HIT则同时提高上肢有氧运动能力和下肢无氧运动能力。
Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIT) on aerobic and anaerobic performance, and on physiological and muscle damage markers responses in juvenile male basketball athletes. Methods Forty-five juvenile male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to upper-body HIT group(n=15), lower-body HIT group(n=15) and control group(n=15). Subjects in control group performed routine training protocol while those in upper-body and lower-body HIT groups conducted four weeks(two times/week) upper-body HIT or lower-body HIT respectively. Before and after experiment, aerobic performance by graded exercise test, anaerobic performance by Wingate test and plasma creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), testosterone(T) and cortisol(C) concentration were determined. Results During upper-body graded exercise test, maximal aerobic power(MAP) increased in upper-body HIT group(P<0.05), power at lactic acid threshold(P_(LT)) raised in lower-body HIT group(P<0.05); during lower-body Wingate test, mean power(MP) and peak power(PP) in the fourth Wingate test(P<0.05) and there was a decrease in the delta blood lactate in the third and fourth bouts in lower-body HIT group(P<0.05); T/C ratio upregulated in lower-body HIT group(P<0.05); no change of all parameters was observed in the control group(P>0.05). Conclusions Upper-body HIT only improved upper-body aerobic performance, while lower-body HIT enhanced both upper-body aerobic and lower-body anaerobic performance in juvenile male basketball athletes.
Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIT) on aerobic and anaerobic performance, and on physiological and muscle damage markers responses in juvenile male basketball athletes. Methods Forty-five juvenile male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to upper-body HIT group(n=15), lower-body HIT group(n=15) and control group(n=15). Subjects in control group performed routine training protocol while those in upper-body and lower-body HIT groups conducted four weeks(two times/week) upper-body HIT or lower-body HIT respectively. Before and after experiment, aerobic performance by graded exercise test, anaerobic performance by Wingate test and plasma creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), testosterone(T) and cortisol(C) concentration were determined. Results During upper-body graded exercise test, maximal aerobic power(MAP) increased in upper-body HIT group(P<0.05), power at lactic acid threshold(P_(LT)) raised in lower-body HIT group(P<0.05); during lower-body Wingate test, mean power(MP) and peak power(PP) in the fourth Wingate test(P<0.05) and there was a decrease in the delta blood lactate in the third and fourth bouts in lower-body HIT group(P<0.05); T/C ratio upregulated in lower-body HIT group(P<0.05); no change of all parameters was observed in the control group(P>0.05). Conclusions Upper-body HIT only improved upper-body aerobic performance, while lower-body HIT enhanced both upper-body aerobic and lower-body anaerobic performance in juvenile male basketball athletes.
引文
[1] 潘志国, 李元伟. 中国国家女子篮球队体能训练特征研究[J]. 中国体育科技, 2016, 52(5): 120-125.
[2] SCANLAN A, HUMPHRIES B, TUCKER P S, et al. The influence of physical and cognitive factors on reactive agility performance in men basketball players[J]. J Sports Sci, 2014, 32(4): 367-374.
[3] 刘军, 程丽平, 徐建华. 篮球比赛负荷特征的研究成果对体能训练的启示[J]. 体育学刊, 2012, 19(5): 108-112.
[4] 黎涌明. 高强度间歇训练对不同训练人群的应用效果[J]. 体育科学, 2015, 35(8): 59-75.
[5] BUCHHEIT M, LAURSEN P B. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis[J]. Sports Med, 2013, 43(5): 313-338.
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[7] FARZAD B, GHARAKHANLOU R, AGHA-ALINEJAD H, et al. Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint interval program to wrestling training[J]. J Strength Cond Res, 2011, 25(9): 2392-2399.
[8] RAVIER G, DUGUé B, GRAPPE F, et al. Impressive anaerobic adaptations in elite karate athletes due to few intensive intermittent sessions added to regular karate training[J]. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2009, 19(5): 687-694.
[9] 张学领. 短期冲刺间歇训练对青年男子篮球运动员肌氧含量和运动能力的影响[J]. 体育学刊, 2016, 23(4): 122-126.
[10] FAUDE O, SCHNITTKER R, SCHULTE-ZURHAUSEN R, et al. High intensity interval training vs. high-volume running training during pre-season conditioning in high-level youth football: a cross-over trial[J]. J Sports Sci, 2013, 31(13): 1441-1450.
[11] HAUSER T, ADAM J, SCHULZ H. Comparison of selected lactate threshold parameters with maximal lactate steady state in cycling[J]. Int J Sports Med, 2014, 35(6): 517-521.
[12] PIRES F O, LIMA-SILVA A E, HAMMOND J, et al. Aerobic profile of climbers during maximal arm test[J]. Int J Sports Med, 2011, 32(2): 122-125.
[13] DENADAI B S, FIGUEIRA T R, FIGUERA T R, et al. Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling[J]. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2004, 37(10): 1551-1556.
[14] PRICE M, BECKFORD C, DORRICOTT A, et al. Oxygen uptake during upper body and lower body wingate anaerobic tests[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2014, 39(12): 1345-1351.
[15] BANISTER E W, CALVERT T W. Planning for future performance: implications for long term training[J]. Can J Appl Sport Sci, 1980,5(3):170-6.
[16] GIST N H, FEDEWA M V, DISHMAN R K, et al. Sprint interval training effects on aerobic capacity: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sports Med, 2014, 44(2): 269-279.
[17] LAURSEN P B, SHING C M, PEAKE J M, et al. Influence of high-intensity interval training on adaptations in well-trained cyclists[J]. J Strength Cond Res, 2005, 19(3): 527-533.
[18] 张学林, 史冀鹏, 高晓娟, 等. 针刺对离心运动性骨骼肌过度使用损伤的治疗研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2013, 32(10): 899-909.
[19] 张学林, 高晓娟, 史冀鹏, 等. 离心运动引起骨骼肌过度使用损伤机理研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2012, 31(12): 1064-1074.
[20] 马俊, 张霈, 杨丽然, 等. 不同项目运动员身体成分特征[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2011, 34(6): 125-127.
[21] SKELLY L E, ANDREWS P C, GILLEN J B, et al. High-intensity interval exercise induces 24-h energy expenditure similar to traditional endurance exercise despite reduced time commitment[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2014, 39(7): 845-848.
[2] SCANLAN A, HUMPHRIES B, TUCKER P S, et al. The influence of physical and cognitive factors on reactive agility performance in men basketball players[J]. J Sports Sci, 2014, 32(4): 367-374.
[3] 刘军, 程丽平, 徐建华. 篮球比赛负荷特征的研究成果对体能训练的启示[J]. 体育学刊, 2012, 19(5): 108-112.
[4] 黎涌明. 高强度间歇训练对不同训练人群的应用效果[J]. 体育科学, 2015, 35(8): 59-75.
[5] BUCHHEIT M, LAURSEN P B. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis[J]. Sports Med, 2013, 43(5): 313-338.
[6] BUCHHEIT M, LAURSEN P B. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications[J]. Sports Med, 2013, 43(10): 927-954.
[7] FARZAD B, GHARAKHANLOU R, AGHA-ALINEJAD H, et al. Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint interval program to wrestling training[J]. J Strength Cond Res, 2011, 25(9): 2392-2399.
[8] RAVIER G, DUGUé B, GRAPPE F, et al. Impressive anaerobic adaptations in elite karate athletes due to few intensive intermittent sessions added to regular karate training[J]. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2009, 19(5): 687-694.
[9] 张学领. 短期冲刺间歇训练对青年男子篮球运动员肌氧含量和运动能力的影响[J]. 体育学刊, 2016, 23(4): 122-126.
[10] FAUDE O, SCHNITTKER R, SCHULTE-ZURHAUSEN R, et al. High intensity interval training vs. high-volume running training during pre-season conditioning in high-level youth football: a cross-over trial[J]. J Sports Sci, 2013, 31(13): 1441-1450.
[11] HAUSER T, ADAM J, SCHULZ H. Comparison of selected lactate threshold parameters with maximal lactate steady state in cycling[J]. Int J Sports Med, 2014, 35(6): 517-521.
[12] PIRES F O, LIMA-SILVA A E, HAMMOND J, et al. Aerobic profile of climbers during maximal arm test[J]. Int J Sports Med, 2011, 32(2): 122-125.
[13] DENADAI B S, FIGUEIRA T R, FIGUERA T R, et al. Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling[J]. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2004, 37(10): 1551-1556.
[14] PRICE M, BECKFORD C, DORRICOTT A, et al. Oxygen uptake during upper body and lower body wingate anaerobic tests[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2014, 39(12): 1345-1351.
[15] BANISTER E W, CALVERT T W. Planning for future performance: implications for long term training[J]. Can J Appl Sport Sci, 1980,5(3):170-6.
[16] GIST N H, FEDEWA M V, DISHMAN R K, et al. Sprint interval training effects on aerobic capacity: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sports Med, 2014, 44(2): 269-279.
[17] LAURSEN P B, SHING C M, PEAKE J M, et al. Influence of high-intensity interval training on adaptations in well-trained cyclists[J]. J Strength Cond Res, 2005, 19(3): 527-533.
[18] 张学林, 史冀鹏, 高晓娟, 等. 针刺对离心运动性骨骼肌过度使用损伤的治疗研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2013, 32(10): 899-909.
[19] 张学林, 高晓娟, 史冀鹏, 等. 离心运动引起骨骼肌过度使用损伤机理研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2012, 31(12): 1064-1074.
[20] 马俊, 张霈, 杨丽然, 等. 不同项目运动员身体成分特征[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2011, 34(6): 125-127.
[21] SKELLY L E, ANDREWS P C, GILLEN J B, et al. High-intensity interval exercise induces 24-h energy expenditure similar to traditional endurance exercise despite reduced time commitment[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2014, 39(7): 845-848.