纪德的“南方”迷恋解读
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摘要
纪德一生都在旅行,旅行是他人生的启蒙学校。旅行目的地的选择,其实隐含了他内心的向往和认同。纪德倾心的目的地是南方:南方不仅包括父亲的故乡塞文地区,那里承载着纪德儿时最甜蜜的记忆;还包括象征着解放、自由、原始的北非,那里让纪德摆脱宗教枷锁、体验肉体放纵、恢复健康体魄;甚至还包括西方文明源头之古希腊神话,那里是纪德精神上的故乡。南方是纪德身体和心灵的力量源泉,是他心里放不下的迷恋。他不断回到南方,在那里汲取力量和灵感,用旅行和文字创造出属于自己的精神家园。
André Gide is obsessed with journeys and by taking journeys all his life he seems to endorse the idea that journey is his school of enlightenment and initiation in life. The very choice of destination of these journeys actually implies the aspirations and identity of his inner heart. Gide has a favorite place to go and that place is the South. It is not only because the South covers Cévennes area where his father's native country is located and a home to the most beautiful memories of Gide's childhood. It is also a place that symbolizes liberty, freedom, and the primitive North Africa. There Gide can temporarily free himself away from the religious confinements so as to regain health by experiencing corporal pleasure. It is even an origin of western civilization as well as Greek and Roman mythology which promises Gide his spiritual hometown. The South, a destination of obsession for Gide, is a source of power, both in physical and spiritual sense. By continually returning to the South, Gide obtains power and inspiration, creating a spiritual home of his own with language and journey.
André Gide is obsessed with journeys and by taking journeys all his life he seems to endorse the idea that journey is his school of enlightenment and initiation in life. The very choice of destination of these journeys actually implies the aspirations and identity of his inner heart. Gide has a favorite place to go and that place is the South. It is not only because the South covers Cévennes area where his father's native country is located and a home to the most beautiful memories of Gide's childhood. It is also a place that symbolizes liberty, freedom, and the primitive North Africa. There Gide can temporarily free himself away from the religious confinements so as to regain health by experiencing corporal pleasure. It is even an origin of western civilization as well as Greek and Roman mythology which promises Gide his spiritual hometown. The South, a destination of obsession for Gide, is a source of power, both in physical and spiritual sense. By continually returning to the South, Gide obtains power and inspiration, creating a spiritual home of his own with language and journey.
引文
[1] Gide,A.《A propos des déracinés de Maurice Barrès》[A].dans Essais critiques[C].éd.Pierre Masson,Paris,Gallimard,《Bibliothèque de la Pléiade》,1999.
[2] Gide,C.Les lettres à la Petite Dame,Textes choisis et présentés par Catherine Gide[M].Paris,Gallimard,《Les Cahiers de la NRF》,2000.
[3] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集·文论卷[M].桂裕芳,王文融,李玉民,译.广州:花城出版社,2001.
[4] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集·传记卷[M].罗国林,陈占元,译.广州:花城出版社,2002a.
[5] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集·散文卷[M].李玉民,罗国林,等,译.广州:花城出版社,2002b.
[6] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集1[M].桂裕芳,等,译.北京:人民文学出版社,2002c.
[7] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集3[M].桂裕芳,等,译.北京:人民文学出版社,2002d.
① 纪德在谈到旅行对艺术家的影响时指出:“……除了被迫旅行或流放这些不幸的例外,人们往往对旅行目的地进行选择,选择就证明人们多少受到了它的影响。人们挑选某个国家正是因为他们知道会受到它的影响,因为他们希望、盼望受到这种影响。人们挑选的是被他们认为最能影响人的地点。”(纪德 2001:346)
② 纪德在自传《如果种子不死》中表达了这种新生的喜悦和对生命的热爱:“我像这个地方(沙漠绿洲)一样,感到自己复苏了。以至我头一回觉得自己生活在这世上,走出了死亡的阴影笼罩的峡谷,获得了真正的新生。是的,我跨进了崭新的生活,彻底欢迎和彻底抛弃的生活。……似乎迄今为止,我从来没有这样谛听、观看和呼吸过。而各种声音、芬芳和色彩,纷纷涌进我的心间,我感到我的心变得闲散,因为感激而啜泣,化成对陌生的阿波罗的崇敬。……就这样,我泪流满面地走进了一个充满欢笑和奇异事物的迷人的世界。”(纪德 2002a:244)
③ 纪德的密友,小妇人伊丽莎白·万·施楞贝尔格以细致记录纪德言行而闻名。他在致纪德男友马克·阿勒格莱的信中谈到纪德对南方的钟情:“我跟‘肥硕’和‘绿色’的地方不和谐,但有个地方不一样,那里古老神明不死。如果做不到真,我什么都不是,只有在南方我才能做到真。”(Gide 2000:18)
[2] Gide,C.Les lettres à la Petite Dame,Textes choisis et présentés par Catherine Gide[M].Paris,Gallimard,《Les Cahiers de la NRF》,2000.
[3] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集·文论卷[M].桂裕芳,王文融,李玉民,译.广州:花城出版社,2001.
[4] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集·传记卷[M].罗国林,陈占元,译.广州:花城出版社,2002a.
[5] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集·散文卷[M].李玉民,罗国林,等,译.广州:花城出版社,2002b.
[6] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集1[M].桂裕芳,等,译.北京:人民文学出版社,2002c.
[7] [法] 安德烈·纪德.纪德文集3[M].桂裕芳,等,译.北京:人民文学出版社,2002d.
① 纪德在谈到旅行对艺术家的影响时指出:“……除了被迫旅行或流放这些不幸的例外,人们往往对旅行目的地进行选择,选择就证明人们多少受到了它的影响。人们挑选某个国家正是因为他们知道会受到它的影响,因为他们希望、盼望受到这种影响。人们挑选的是被他们认为最能影响人的地点。”(纪德 2001:346)
② 纪德在自传《如果种子不死》中表达了这种新生的喜悦和对生命的热爱:“我像这个地方(沙漠绿洲)一样,感到自己复苏了。以至我头一回觉得自己生活在这世上,走出了死亡的阴影笼罩的峡谷,获得了真正的新生。是的,我跨进了崭新的生活,彻底欢迎和彻底抛弃的生活。……似乎迄今为止,我从来没有这样谛听、观看和呼吸过。而各种声音、芬芳和色彩,纷纷涌进我的心间,我感到我的心变得闲散,因为感激而啜泣,化成对陌生的阿波罗的崇敬。……就这样,我泪流满面地走进了一个充满欢笑和奇异事物的迷人的世界。”(纪德 2002a:244)
③ 纪德的密友,小妇人伊丽莎白·万·施楞贝尔格以细致记录纪德言行而闻名。他在致纪德男友马克·阿勒格莱的信中谈到纪德对南方的钟情:“我跟‘肥硕’和‘绿色’的地方不和谐,但有个地方不一样,那里古老神明不死。如果做不到真,我什么都不是,只有在南方我才能做到真。”(Gide 2000:18)