深圳夏季3种生境城市森林内臭氧浓度变化规律
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摘要
于2015年夏季对深圳园山山麓(Foothill)、河谷(River Valley)和山脊(Ridge)等3种典型生境城市森林内的臭氧浓度和气象因子进行昼夜24h同步监测,研究林内臭氧浓度的变化规律及影响因素.结果表明:深圳园山3种生境城市森林内臭氧浓度的小时均值和日最大8h均值都达到了国家一级标准(分别为160,100μg/m~3);3个林地的臭氧浓度日均值都高于对照,且Ridge显著高于River Valley和Foothill;林内臭氧浓度的日变化都呈单峰曲线,表现为白天高,夜间低,在15:00~17:00达到最高,在5:00~7:00降到最低;3种林地的臭氧浓度都与温度极显著正相关,与湿度极显著负相关,此外Ridge的臭氧浓度还与风速极显著正相关.总之,深圳园山3种林分内的臭氧浓度符合人们进行森林游憩活动的空气质量要求,基于臭氧浓度,人们在5:00~7:00进行森林游憩最为适宜.
The ozone concentration of 3 typical urban forests growing at foothill, river valley and ridge of Yuanshan Park in Shenzhen were observed for 24 hours in the summer of 2015. At the same time, the meteorological factors were also observed as influencing factors. Our results showed that: The mean value of hourly and 8h maximum ozone concentration in 3 forests were all achieved the primary standard of national air quality standards(160 and 100 μg/m~3, respectively). The daily average ozone concentration in 3 forests were all higher than the control with the highest value observed at the ridge. The daily variation of ozone concentration in 3forests all exhibited a single peak curve, with the highest concentration occurring in 15:00~17:00pm, whereas the lowest occurring in 5:00~7:00am. The ozone concentration in each forest was positively related with the temperature and negatively with the relative humidity. Moreover, a positive correlation was noted between the ozone concentration and the wind velocity at the ridge. In conclusion, the air quality in 3urban forests of Yuanshan Park in Shenzhen is consistent with the air quality requirements of forest recreation activities, and the proper time according to the status of ozone is from 5:00 to 7:00 am in summer.
The ozone concentration of 3 typical urban forests growing at foothill, river valley and ridge of Yuanshan Park in Shenzhen were observed for 24 hours in the summer of 2015. At the same time, the meteorological factors were also observed as influencing factors. Our results showed that: The mean value of hourly and 8h maximum ozone concentration in 3 forests were all achieved the primary standard of national air quality standards(160 and 100 μg/m~3, respectively). The daily average ozone concentration in 3 forests were all higher than the control with the highest value observed at the ridge. The daily variation of ozone concentration in 3forests all exhibited a single peak curve, with the highest concentration occurring in 15:00~17:00pm, whereas the lowest occurring in 5:00~7:00am. The ozone concentration in each forest was positively related with the temperature and negatively with the relative humidity. Moreover, a positive correlation was noted between the ozone concentration and the wind velocity at the ridge. In conclusion, the air quality in 3urban forests of Yuanshan Park in Shenzhen is consistent with the air quality requirements of forest recreation activities, and the proper time according to the status of ozone is from 5:00 to 7:00 am in summer.
引文
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[28]Matyssek R,Baumgarten M,Hummel U,et al.Canopy-level stomatal narrowing in adult Fagus sylvatica under O3stressMeans of preventing enhanced O3 uptake under high O3 exposure?[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,196:518-526.
[29]Su H,Cheng Y,Oswald R.,et al.Soil nitrite as a source of atmospheric HONO and OH radicals[J].Science,2011,333(6049):1616-1618.
[30]Grulke N E,Alonso R,Nguyen T,et al.Stomata open at night in pole-sized and mature ponderosa pine:implications for O3exposure metrics[J].Tree Physiology,2004,24:1001-1010.
[31]白建辉,徐永福,陈辉,等.鼎湖山森林地区臭氧及其前体物的变化特征和分析[J].气候与环境研究,2003,8(3):370-380.
[32]孟祥谦,胡顺星,曹开法,等.大别山区和合肥城郊地面臭氧、气溶胶测量结果分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,2011,6(1):75-82.
[33]余应新,文晟,吕辉雄,等.广州森林大气中VOCs昼夜变化特征及对O3的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(3):94-98.
[34]苏彬彬.华东森林及高山背景区域臭氧变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2519-2525.
[35]Mitsutoshi K,Masabumi K,Yasutomo H,et al.Seasonal ozone uptake by a warm-temperate mixed deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forest in western Japan estimated by the PenmanMonteith approach combined with a photosynthesis-dependent stomatal model[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,184:457-463.
[36]Yagmur M A,Baris Y,Husnu K,et al.Biogenic volatile organic compound(BVOC)emissions from forested areas in Turkey:Determination of specific emission rates for thirty-one tree species[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,490:239-253.
[37]Sathiyamurthi R,Akira I,Charlotte J,et al.Total OH reactivity measurement in a BVOC dominated temperate forest during a summer campaign,2014[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,131:41-54.
[38]Ling H,Elena C,Mc Donald B,et al.The impact of drought on ozone dry deposition over eastern Texas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,127:176-186.
[39]严茹莎,陈敏东,高庆先,等.北京夏季典型臭氧污染分布特征及影响因子[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(1):43-49.
[40]刘姣姣,蒋昌潭,宋丹,等.重庆夏季近地面臭氧变化规律及影响因素分析[J].重庆大学学报,2014,37(8):91-98.
[41]刘洁,张小玲,张晓春,等.上甸子本底站地面臭氧变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(4):19-25.
[2]易睿,王亚林,张殷俊,等.长江三角洲地区城市臭氧污染特征与影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2370-2377.
[3]颜敏,尹魁浩,梁永贤,等.深圳市夏季臭氧污染研究[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(4):411-418.
[4]赵辰航,耿福海,马承愚,等.上海地区光化学污染中气溶胶特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):356-363.
[5]齐冰,牛彧文,杜荣光,等.杭州市近地面大气臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):443-451.
[6]刘峰,朱永官,王效科.我国地面臭氧污染及其生态环境效应[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1674-1679.
[7]陈仁杰,陈秉衡,阚海东.上海市近地面臭氧污染的健康影响评价[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(5):603-608.
[8]吴志萍,王成.城市绿地与人体健康[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(2):32-37.
[9]李强.城市森林游憩的生理保健价值及资源开发——以扬州市为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(1):123-128.
[10]Fares S,Park J,Ormeno E,et al.Ozone uptake by citrus trees exposed to a range of ozone concentrations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(28):3404-3412.
[11]Altimir N,Kolari P,Tuovinen J P,et al.Foliage surface ozone deposition:a role for surface moisture?[J].Biogeosciences,2006,3(2):1-20.
[12]Fares S,Weber R,Park J H,et al.Ozone deposition to an orange orchard:partitioning between stomatal and nonstomatal sinks[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,169:258-266.
[13]Hu Y,Zhao P,Niu J,et al.Canopy stomatal uptake of NOx,SO2and O3 by mature urban plantations based on sap flow measurement[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,125:165-177.
[14]Wang H,Zhou W,Wang X,et al.Ozone uptake by adult urban trees based on sap flow measurement[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,162,275-286.
[15]Calfapietra C,Fares S,Manes F,et al.Role of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds(BVOC)emitted by urban trees on ozone concentration in cities:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,183:71-80.
[16]Haider T,James W,Robert B,et al.An urban-forest control measure for ozone in the Sacramento,CA Federal Non-Attainment Area(SFNA)[J].Sustainable Cities and Society,2016,21:51-65.
[17]Calfapietra C,Fares S,Loreto F,et al.Volatile organic compounds from Italian vegetation and their interaction with ozone[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157:1478-1486.
[18]李铭红.生态学实验[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2010.
[19]国家环保总局.GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:国家环保总局,2012.
[20]贾龙,葛茂发,徐永福,等.大气臭氧化学研究进展[J].化学进展,2006,18(11):1565-1574.
[21]邓雪娇,周秀骥,吴兑,等.珠江三角洲大气气溶胶对地面臭氧变化的影响[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(1):93-102.
[22]Satoru C,Sou N M,Seiji N.Estimate of biogenic VOC emissions in Japan and their effects on photochemical formation of ambient ozone and secondary organic aerosol[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,120:38-50.
[23]Elena P,Alessandra D M,David C S B,et al.Ozone levels in European and USA cities are increasing more than at rural sites,while peak values are decreasing[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,192:295-299.
[24]Singh R,Singh M.P,Singh A P.Ozone forming potential of tropical plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state of India[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2014,13(4),814-820.
[25]Kim S Y,Jiang X Y,Lee M,et al.Impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds on ozone production at the Taehwa Research Forest near Seoul,South Korea[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,70:447-453.
[26]杨棠武,吕美婷,安树青,等.城区森林与乡村森林近地层臭氧浓度的变化规律对比[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5670-5678.
[27]Li L Y,Chen Y,Xie S D.Spatio-temporal variation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,182:157-168.
[28]Matyssek R,Baumgarten M,Hummel U,et al.Canopy-level stomatal narrowing in adult Fagus sylvatica under O3stressMeans of preventing enhanced O3 uptake under high O3 exposure?[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,196:518-526.
[29]Su H,Cheng Y,Oswald R.,et al.Soil nitrite as a source of atmospheric HONO and OH radicals[J].Science,2011,333(6049):1616-1618.
[30]Grulke N E,Alonso R,Nguyen T,et al.Stomata open at night in pole-sized and mature ponderosa pine:implications for O3exposure metrics[J].Tree Physiology,2004,24:1001-1010.
[31]白建辉,徐永福,陈辉,等.鼎湖山森林地区臭氧及其前体物的变化特征和分析[J].气候与环境研究,2003,8(3):370-380.
[32]孟祥谦,胡顺星,曹开法,等.大别山区和合肥城郊地面臭氧、气溶胶测量结果分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,2011,6(1):75-82.
[33]余应新,文晟,吕辉雄,等.广州森林大气中VOCs昼夜变化特征及对O3的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(3):94-98.
[34]苏彬彬.华东森林及高山背景区域臭氧变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2519-2525.
[35]Mitsutoshi K,Masabumi K,Yasutomo H,et al.Seasonal ozone uptake by a warm-temperate mixed deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forest in western Japan estimated by the PenmanMonteith approach combined with a photosynthesis-dependent stomatal model[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,184:457-463.
[36]Yagmur M A,Baris Y,Husnu K,et al.Biogenic volatile organic compound(BVOC)emissions from forested areas in Turkey:Determination of specific emission rates for thirty-one tree species[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,490:239-253.
[37]Sathiyamurthi R,Akira I,Charlotte J,et al.Total OH reactivity measurement in a BVOC dominated temperate forest during a summer campaign,2014[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,131:41-54.
[38]Ling H,Elena C,Mc Donald B,et al.The impact of drought on ozone dry deposition over eastern Texas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,127:176-186.
[39]严茹莎,陈敏东,高庆先,等.北京夏季典型臭氧污染分布特征及影响因子[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(1):43-49.
[40]刘姣姣,蒋昌潭,宋丹,等.重庆夏季近地面臭氧变化规律及影响因素分析[J].重庆大学学报,2014,37(8):91-98.
[41]刘洁,张小玲,张晓春,等.上甸子本底站地面臭氧变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(4):19-25.