玉米-水稻轮作和水稻连作土壤根际和非根际氮含量及酶活性
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摘要
【目的】以水稻连作为对照,研究玉米-水稻水旱轮作模式对稻田作物根际和非根际土壤氮素含量及酶活性的影响,为稻田系统玉米-水稻轮作对土壤氮素转化与稻田土壤质量的影响提供科学依据。【方法】利用根际袋盆栽试验进行水稻连作与玉米-水稻轮作,在玉米喇叭口期、抽穗期及成熟期,水稻分蘖期、孕穗期及成熟期分别采取根际与非根际土样,测定土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、全氮含量与脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性变化。【结果】两种种植模式及作物生育期对土壤氮素含量和酶活性均有显著影响。不同种植模式下土壤酶活性变化趋势基本相同。与水稻连作相比,玉米-水稻轮作土壤铵态氮减少了24.7%;土壤硝态氮含量增加了153.4%,主要表现在第一季。与水稻连作相比,玉米-水稻轮作条件下两季作物成熟期土壤全氮含量降低,土壤脲酶活性整体提高24.3%,土壤硝酸还原酶活性整体降低34.6%。水旱轮作对各个指标的影响可持续到第二季。根际土壤铵态氮含量及脲酶活性整体低于非根际土壤,玉米根际土壤硝态氮含量低于非根际,水稻根际土壤硝态氮含量高于非根际土壤,根际土壤硝酸还原酶活性高于非根际土壤。【结论】在本试验中,轮作在第一季对土壤氮素及酶活性的影响可持续至第二季。与水稻连作相比,玉米-水稻轮作可以提高作物根际与非根际土壤的脲酶活性及硝态氮含量,有利于氮素有效性的提高。
【Objectives】We investigated the effect of maize-rice rotation on soil nitrogen content and enzyme activity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere using rice-rice as a control, to provide the scientific understanding of maize-rice rotation on the transformation of soil nitrogen and soil quality.【Methods】Rice-rice and maize-rice were performed using the root pocket pouch test. Soil samples were taken from the soil rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere at maize stages of trumpet, heading and maturity, and rice stages of tillering, booting and maturity to quantify ammonium, nitrate, total nitrogen, and urease, and nitrate reductase activities in the two rotations.【Results】The two different rotations and crop growth periods had significant effects on soil nitrogen content and enzyme activities. The changes in the enzyme activity under the two rotations were basically similar.Compared with the rice continuous mono-cropping, the ammonium nitrogen in the maize-rice rotation decreased by 24.7% and the soil nitrate nitrogen content increased by 153.4%, which mainly happened in the first season.The total nitrogen content was lower at the end of the rotation. Soil urease activity in the maize-rice rotation was24.3% higher while soil nitrate reductase activity was 34.6% lower than those of the rice-rice rotation. In addition,the impacts of maize-rice rotation on other indicators could sustain to the next crop. Ammonium nitrogen content and urease activity in the rhizosphere soil were lower than those in the non-rhizosphere. Nitrate content in the maize rhizosphere was lower than that in the non-rhizosphere. In contrast, nitrate nitrogen content in the rice rhizosphere was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere. Nitrate reductase in the rhizosphere was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere.【Conclusions】The impacts of maize-rice rotation on soil nitrogen content and enzyme activities in the first season could sustain to the second season. Compared with the rice continuous monocropping, the nitrate nitrogen content and soil urease activity were higher in the maize-rice rotation, which could improve nitrogen availability.
【Objectives】We investigated the effect of maize-rice rotation on soil nitrogen content and enzyme activity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere using rice-rice as a control, to provide the scientific understanding of maize-rice rotation on the transformation of soil nitrogen and soil quality.【Methods】Rice-rice and maize-rice were performed using the root pocket pouch test. Soil samples were taken from the soil rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere at maize stages of trumpet, heading and maturity, and rice stages of tillering, booting and maturity to quantify ammonium, nitrate, total nitrogen, and urease, and nitrate reductase activities in the two rotations.【Results】The two different rotations and crop growth periods had significant effects on soil nitrogen content and enzyme activities. The changes in the enzyme activity under the two rotations were basically similar.Compared with the rice continuous mono-cropping, the ammonium nitrogen in the maize-rice rotation decreased by 24.7% and the soil nitrate nitrogen content increased by 153.4%, which mainly happened in the first season.The total nitrogen content was lower at the end of the rotation. Soil urease activity in the maize-rice rotation was24.3% higher while soil nitrate reductase activity was 34.6% lower than those of the rice-rice rotation. In addition,the impacts of maize-rice rotation on other indicators could sustain to the next crop. Ammonium nitrogen content and urease activity in the rhizosphere soil were lower than those in the non-rhizosphere. Nitrate content in the maize rhizosphere was lower than that in the non-rhizosphere. In contrast, nitrate nitrogen content in the rice rhizosphere was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere. Nitrate reductase in the rhizosphere was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere.【Conclusions】The impacts of maize-rice rotation on soil nitrogen content and enzyme activities in the first season could sustain to the second season. Compared with the rice continuous monocropping, the nitrate nitrogen content and soil urease activity were higher in the maize-rice rotation, which could improve nitrogen availability.
引文
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[6]Hester E R,Harpenslager S F,van Diggelen J M H.Linking nitrogen load to the structure and function of wetland soil and rhizosphere microbial communities[J].mSystems,2018,3(1):1-14.
[7]张青青,陈志强,陈志彪,马秀丽.南方稀土矿区植物根际与非根际土壤碳氮含量与pH值变化[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):102-106.Zhang Q Q,Chen Z Q,Chen Z B,Ma X L.Variations of carbon,nitrogen and pH value in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in rare earth mining area in southern China[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(3):102-106.
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[9]Chen Z,Ti J S,Chen F.Soil aggregates response to tillage and residue management in a double paddy rice soil of the Southern China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2017,109(2):103-114.
[10]黄国勤,熊云明,钱海燕,等.稻田轮作系统的生态学分析[J].土壤学报,2006,26(4):1159-1164.Huang G Q,Xiong Y M,Qian H Y,et al.Ecological analysis of crop rotation systems in paddy field[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,26(4):1159-1164.
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[12]胡安永,刘勤,孙星,张亚楠.太湖地区不同轮作模式下的稻田氮素平衡研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(5):509-515.Hu A Y,Liu Q,Sun X,Zhang Y N.Nitrogen balance in paddy fields under different rotation systems in the Taihu Lake Region[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(5):509-515.
[13]Korai P K,Xia X,Liu X,et al.Extractable pool of biochar controls on crop productivity rather than greenhouse gas emission from a rice paddy under rice-wheat rotation[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8:1-9.
[14]Zhou W,Lin S,Wu L,et al.Substantial N2O emission during the initial period of the wheat season due to the conversion of winterflooded paddy to rice-wheat rotation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,170:269-278.
[15]张维乐,戴志刚,任涛,等.不同水旱轮作体系秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(7):1254-1266.Zhang W L,Dai Z G,Ren T,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization managements with residues incorporation on crops yield and nutrients uptake under different paddy-upland rotation systems[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(7):1254-1266.
[16]Han S,Luo X,Liao H,et al.Nitrospira are more sensitive than Nitrobacter to land management in acid,fertilized soils of a rapeseedrice rotation field trial[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,599:135-144.
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