小麦立体匀播栽培技术体系
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摘要
针对生产中以条播为主的播种方式存在的因行内挤、行间空造成的大小苗现象,以及需要分次作业完成施肥、旋耕、播种、镇压等工序普遍存在的农耗时间长、土壤失墒较重、作业成本偏高等问题,提出了可以有效解决上述问题的小麦立体匀播技术,经在部分冬麦区及春麦区示范推广,效果显著。结合不同生产区气候、品种、土壤等特点,集成了以立体匀播为核心,适于不同生态类型区的栽培技术体系,在模式上重点突出机械化和集约化导向,可满足个体农户、种田大户、家庭农场或合作社等不同生产主体的需求,为促进我国小麦节本、高产、高效、可持续生产提供技术支撑。
At present, there are some problems in drilling of wheat in production, such as unevenly seeding resulting in seedlings crowded in the row and sparse between rows, long agricultural wastage time, more soil moisture loss and higher production costs caused by fertilization, rotary tillage, sowing and compaction completed separately. We proposed the tridimensional uniform sowing technique, which could effectively solve these problems. This technique worked very well in major wheat production areas. Combining the characteristics of climate, cultivar and soil in different production areas, the cultivation system with tridimensional uniform sowing as the core technology was integrated, which was suitable for different ecological areas and focused on mechanization and intensive development direction. The technology system could meet the needs of different producers, such as individual farmers, large farms,agricultural cooperatives, and provide technical support for promoting cost-saving, high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable production of wheat in China.
At present, there are some problems in drilling of wheat in production, such as unevenly seeding resulting in seedlings crowded in the row and sparse between rows, long agricultural wastage time, more soil moisture loss and higher production costs caused by fertilization, rotary tillage, sowing and compaction completed separately. We proposed the tridimensional uniform sowing technique, which could effectively solve these problems. This technique worked very well in major wheat production areas. Combining the characteristics of climate, cultivar and soil in different production areas, the cultivation system with tridimensional uniform sowing as the core technology was integrated, which was suitable for different ecological areas and focused on mechanization and intensive development direction. The technology system could meet the needs of different producers, such as individual farmers, large farms,agricultural cooperatives, and provide technical support for promoting cost-saving, high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable production of wheat in China.
引文
[1]赵广才,郝德有,常旭虹,等.小麦立体匀播技术.农业科技通讯,2015(7):184-186.
[2]路丽燕.小麦立体匀播高产高效栽培技术.科学种养,2018(7):17-18.
[3]赵广才.小麦立体匀播技术绿色节本高产高效.农民科技培训,2016(1):42-44.
[4]赵广才.小麦高产创建.北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[5]赵广才.中国小麦种植生态区划研究(一).麦类作物学报,2010,30(5):886-895.
[6]赵广才,常旭虹,王德梅,等.小麦绿色高产高效技术模式图.北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[7]赵广才.小麦优质高产栽培理论与技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2018.
[8]赵广才.北方冬麦区小麦高产高效栽培技术.作物杂志,2008(5):91-92.
[2]路丽燕.小麦立体匀播高产高效栽培技术.科学种养,2018(7):17-18.
[3]赵广才.小麦立体匀播技术绿色节本高产高效.农民科技培训,2016(1):42-44.
[4]赵广才.小麦高产创建.北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[5]赵广才.中国小麦种植生态区划研究(一).麦类作物学报,2010,30(5):886-895.
[6]赵广才,常旭虹,王德梅,等.小麦绿色高产高效技术模式图.北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[7]赵广才.小麦优质高产栽培理论与技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2018.
[8]赵广才.北方冬麦区小麦高产高效栽培技术.作物杂志,2008(5):91-92.