基于耳石微化学的乌苏里白鲑生境履历分析
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摘要
为了分析乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussuriensis Berg)的洄游生态类型及生境履历,采用X射线电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)研究了2013年12月、2014年1月黑龙江干流2尾和松花江干流2尾乌苏里白鲑矢耳石的锶(Sr)、钙(Ca)元素微化学特征。定量线分析结果显示,乌苏里白鲑耳石锶钙比值(Sr/Ca×10~3)波动显著,具有对应淡水生活的低值区(小于5),而且还有对应咸水生活的高值区(大于10),显示了乌苏里白鲑的溯河洄游履历;耳石元素面分析结果也显示乌苏里白鲑的淡水-咸水洄游的特征。结合耳石年轮特征分析,乌苏里白鲑具有年度(季节)洄游特征,部分群体有规律在淡水-咸水中季节洄游,不同个体在淡水、咸水之间停留时间存在较大差异。研究表明,乌苏里白鲑伴随着季节性洄游特征,具有江海或者淡水-河口之间洄游的履历。
Coregonus ussuriensis, one coldwater fish, is an important economic fishery species in the Heilong River basin. The resources of Coregonus ussuriensis have been seriously impacted by anthropogenic influences such as pollution, habitat degradation and overfishing. Knowing the characteristics of life history at the important stage helps to better protect the Coregonus ussuriensis. Otolith element fingerprint could objectively and specifically reflect the character of the water which fish experienced. The element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns have been used to reflect the water type which the fish lived in. To study the characteristics of life history for Coregonus ussuriensis, an electron probe microanalyzer(EMPA) was used to analyze the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in otoliths for Coregonus ussuriensis collected from Suibin and Jiejinkou section of the Heilong River main stream and Tangyuan section of the Songhua River main stream from December 2013 to January 2014. Results of line transect analysis indicated the value of Sr/Ca significantly fluctuated including a low ration(<5) responded to freshwater life and some high rations(>10) responded to seawater life, revealing they had experienced an anadromous migration. The results of X-ray mapping analysis of EMPA reflected the same feature of anadromous migration. The annual ring of otolith characters analysis showed the bright and dark belt in the otolith match with the low and high Sr/Ca ratio areas well. It revealed that Coregonus ussuriensis migrate seasonally. Some species migrate to seawater in summer and return back to freshwater in winter regularly, and other species may not have significant regularity. The time of in fresh water and sea water is inconsistent. This study first reported the migratory characteristics of Coregonus ussuriensis, which can provide an important basis for further study on the life history.
Coregonus ussuriensis, one coldwater fish, is an important economic fishery species in the Heilong River basin. The resources of Coregonus ussuriensis have been seriously impacted by anthropogenic influences such as pollution, habitat degradation and overfishing. Knowing the characteristics of life history at the important stage helps to better protect the Coregonus ussuriensis. Otolith element fingerprint could objectively and specifically reflect the character of the water which fish experienced. The element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns have been used to reflect the water type which the fish lived in. To study the characteristics of life history for Coregonus ussuriensis, an electron probe microanalyzer(EMPA) was used to analyze the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in otoliths for Coregonus ussuriensis collected from Suibin and Jiejinkou section of the Heilong River main stream and Tangyuan section of the Songhua River main stream from December 2013 to January 2014. Results of line transect analysis indicated the value of Sr/Ca significantly fluctuated including a low ration(<5) responded to freshwater life and some high rations(>10) responded to seawater life, revealing they had experienced an anadromous migration. The results of X-ray mapping analysis of EMPA reflected the same feature of anadromous migration. The annual ring of otolith characters analysis showed the bright and dark belt in the otolith match with the low and high Sr/Ca ratio areas well. It revealed that Coregonus ussuriensis migrate seasonally. Some species migrate to seawater in summer and return back to freshwater in winter regularly, and other species may not have significant regularity. The time of in fresh water and sea water is inconsistent. This study first reported the migratory characteristics of Coregonus ussuriensis, which can provide an important basis for further study on the life history.
引文
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[6]Li P L,Liu W,Wang J L,et al.Fecundity of Coregonus ussuriensis in the Heilongjiang River,China[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2015,22(6):1234-1242[李培伦,刘伟,王继隆,等.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑的个体繁殖力.中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1234-1242]
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[8]Dou S Z,Kazuki Y,Xin Y,et al.The migratory history of anadromous and non-anadromous tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary revealed by the otolith Sr:Ca ratio[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2012,9(4):481-490
[9]Kenichi O,Momoko H,Daisuke T,et al.Use of microsatellite DNA and otolith Sr:Ca ratios to infer genetic relationships and migration history of four morphotypes of Rhinogobius sp.OR[J].Ichthyological Research,2009,56(4):373-379
[10]Kotake A,Arai T,Ozawa T,et al.Variation in migratory history of Japanese eels,Anguilla japonica,collected in coastal waters of the Amakusa Islands,Japan,inferred from otolith Sr/Ca ratios[J].Marine Biology,2003,142(5):849-854
[11]Ignacio A C,Josep A,Carlos D,et al.Potential fishingrelated effects on fish life history revealed by otolith microchemistry[J].Fisheries Research,2018,199:186-195
[12]Jiang T,Liu H B,Shen X Q,et al.Life history variations among different populations of Coilia nasus along the Chinese Coast inferred from otolith microchemistry[J].Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University,2014,59(2):383-389
[13]Campana S E,Thorrold S R.Otoliths,increments,and elements:keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(1):30-38
[14]Sturrock A M,Hunter E,Milton J A,et al.Quantifying physiological influences on otolith microchemistry[J].Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2015,6(7):806-816
[15]Siskey M R,Lyubchich V,Liang D,et al.Periodicity of strontium:Calcium across annuli further validates otolithageing for Atlantic bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus)[J].Fisheries Research,2016,177:13-17
[16]Campana S E.Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths:pathways,mechanisms and applications[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1999,188(1):263-297
[17]Thorrold,S R,Latkoczy C,Swart P K,et al.Natal homing in a marine fish metapopulation[J].Science,2001,291(5502):297-299
[18]Elsdon T S,Gillanders B M.Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on otolith chemistry:challenges for determining environmental histories of fish[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2002,59:1796-1808
[19]Rieman B E,Myers D L,Nielson R L.Use of otolith microchemistry to discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of resident and anadromous origin[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(1):68-77
[20]Secor D H,Henderson A,Piccoli P M.Can otolith microchemistry chart patterns of migration and habitat utilization in anadromous fishes[J]?Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1995,192(1):15-33
[21]Howland K L,Tonn W M,Babaluk J A,et al.Identification of freshwater and anadromous inconnu in the Mackenzie River system by analysis of otolith strontium[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2001,130(5):725-741
[22]Tsukamoto K,Arai T.Facultative catadromy of the eel Anguilla japonica between freshwater and seawater habitats[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,220(8):265-276
[23]Yang J,Arai T,Liu H,et al.Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus and Coilia ectenes of the Yangtze River estuary,and of Coilia ectenes of Taihu Lake,based on otolith strontium and calcium[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(4):1120-1135
[24]Xu G C,Gu R B,Liu H B,et al.Fluctuation of Sr/Ca in otoliths of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River and the validation for the anadromous migratory history[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(7):939-945[徐钢春,顾若波,刘洪波,等.长江短颌鲚耳石Sr/Ca值变化特征及其江海洄游履历.水产学报,2014,38(7):939-945]
[25]Li M M,Jiang T,Chen T T,et al.Otolith microchemistry of the estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus from the Anqing section of the Yangtze River and its significance for migration ecology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2788-2795[李孟孟,姜涛,陈婷婷,等.长江安庆江段刀鲚耳石微化学及洄游生态学意义.生态学报,2017,37(8):2788-2795]
[26]Li M M,Jiang T,Khumbanyiwa D D,et al.Reconstructing habitat history of Coilia nasus from the Hexian section of the Yangtze river in Anhui province by otolith microchemistry[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(5):1054-1061[李孟孟,姜涛,Khumbanyiwa D D,等.基于耳石微化学的长江安徽和县江段刀鲚生境履历重建.水生生物学报,2017,41(5):1054-1061]
[27]Yokouchi K,Fukuda N,Shirai K,et al.Time lag of the response on the otolith strontium/calcium ratios of the Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica to changes in strontium/calcium ratios of ambient water[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2011,92(4):469-478
[28]Wang C,Liu W,Zhan P R,et al.Exogenous Sr2+sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(10):3189-3194[王臣,刘伟,战培荣,等.外源Sr2+在大麻哈鱼胚胎耳石上的沉积.应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3189-3194]
[29]Jiang T,Liu H B,Huang H H,et al.Otolith microchemistry of Coilia grayii from the Pearl River estuary,China[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(4):816-821[姜涛,刘洪波,黄洪辉,等.珠江口七丝鲚耳石微化学初报.水生生物学报,2015,39(4):816-821]
[30]Yang J,Jiang T,Liu H B.Are there habitat salinity markers of Sr:Ca ratio in otolith of wild diadromous fishes?A literature survey[J].Ichthyological Research,2011,58(3):291-294
[2]Xie Y H.China:The Freshwater Fishes of the Northeast Area[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House.2007,322-325[解玉浩.东北地区淡水鱼类.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社.2007,322-325]
[3]Yue P Q,Chen Y Y.China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals(Pisces)[M].Beijing:Science Press.1998,41[乐佩琪,陈宜瑜.中国濒危动物红皮书(鱼类).北京:科学出版社.1998,41]
[4]Liang L Q,Chang Y M,Dong C Z.Analysis of genetic diversity for Coregonus ussuriensis Berg in Heilongjiang River[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2004,11(6):501-505[梁丽群,常玉梅,董崇智.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑遗传多样性分析.中国水产科学,2004,11(6):501-505]
[5]Yu D M,Ma B,Sun Y H,et al.Isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci in an endangered fish Ussuri cisco,Coregonus usssruensis[J].Conservation Genetics,2010,11(3):1107-1109
[6]Li P L,Liu W,Wang J L,et al.Fecundity of Coregonus ussuriensis in the Heilongjiang River,China[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2015,22(6):1234-1242[李培伦,刘伟,王继隆,等.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑的个体繁殖力.中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1234-1242]
[7]T.B.HKOJBCKHH.Fishes in Amur River Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press.1960,58-66[尼科尔斯基.黑龙江流域鱼类.北京:科学出版社.1960,58-66]
[8]Dou S Z,Kazuki Y,Xin Y,et al.The migratory history of anadromous and non-anadromous tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary revealed by the otolith Sr:Ca ratio[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2012,9(4):481-490
[9]Kenichi O,Momoko H,Daisuke T,et al.Use of microsatellite DNA and otolith Sr:Ca ratios to infer genetic relationships and migration history of four morphotypes of Rhinogobius sp.OR[J].Ichthyological Research,2009,56(4):373-379
[10]Kotake A,Arai T,Ozawa T,et al.Variation in migratory history of Japanese eels,Anguilla japonica,collected in coastal waters of the Amakusa Islands,Japan,inferred from otolith Sr/Ca ratios[J].Marine Biology,2003,142(5):849-854
[11]Ignacio A C,Josep A,Carlos D,et al.Potential fishingrelated effects on fish life history revealed by otolith microchemistry[J].Fisheries Research,2018,199:186-195
[12]Jiang T,Liu H B,Shen X Q,et al.Life history variations among different populations of Coilia nasus along the Chinese Coast inferred from otolith microchemistry[J].Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University,2014,59(2):383-389
[13]Campana S E,Thorrold S R.Otoliths,increments,and elements:keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(1):30-38
[14]Sturrock A M,Hunter E,Milton J A,et al.Quantifying physiological influences on otolith microchemistry[J].Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2015,6(7):806-816
[15]Siskey M R,Lyubchich V,Liang D,et al.Periodicity of strontium:Calcium across annuli further validates otolithageing for Atlantic bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus)[J].Fisheries Research,2016,177:13-17
[16]Campana S E.Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths:pathways,mechanisms and applications[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1999,188(1):263-297
[17]Thorrold,S R,Latkoczy C,Swart P K,et al.Natal homing in a marine fish metapopulation[J].Science,2001,291(5502):297-299
[18]Elsdon T S,Gillanders B M.Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on otolith chemistry:challenges for determining environmental histories of fish[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2002,59:1796-1808
[19]Rieman B E,Myers D L,Nielson R L.Use of otolith microchemistry to discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of resident and anadromous origin[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(1):68-77
[20]Secor D H,Henderson A,Piccoli P M.Can otolith microchemistry chart patterns of migration and habitat utilization in anadromous fishes[J]?Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1995,192(1):15-33
[21]Howland K L,Tonn W M,Babaluk J A,et al.Identification of freshwater and anadromous inconnu in the Mackenzie River system by analysis of otolith strontium[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2001,130(5):725-741
[22]Tsukamoto K,Arai T.Facultative catadromy of the eel Anguilla japonica between freshwater and seawater habitats[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,220(8):265-276
[23]Yang J,Arai T,Liu H,et al.Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus and Coilia ectenes of the Yangtze River estuary,and of Coilia ectenes of Taihu Lake,based on otolith strontium and calcium[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(4):1120-1135
[24]Xu G C,Gu R B,Liu H B,et al.Fluctuation of Sr/Ca in otoliths of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River and the validation for the anadromous migratory history[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(7):939-945[徐钢春,顾若波,刘洪波,等.长江短颌鲚耳石Sr/Ca值变化特征及其江海洄游履历.水产学报,2014,38(7):939-945]
[25]Li M M,Jiang T,Chen T T,et al.Otolith microchemistry of the estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus from the Anqing section of the Yangtze River and its significance for migration ecology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2788-2795[李孟孟,姜涛,陈婷婷,等.长江安庆江段刀鲚耳石微化学及洄游生态学意义.生态学报,2017,37(8):2788-2795]
[26]Li M M,Jiang T,Khumbanyiwa D D,et al.Reconstructing habitat history of Coilia nasus from the Hexian section of the Yangtze river in Anhui province by otolith microchemistry[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(5):1054-1061[李孟孟,姜涛,Khumbanyiwa D D,等.基于耳石微化学的长江安徽和县江段刀鲚生境履历重建.水生生物学报,2017,41(5):1054-1061]
[27]Yokouchi K,Fukuda N,Shirai K,et al.Time lag of the response on the otolith strontium/calcium ratios of the Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica to changes in strontium/calcium ratios of ambient water[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2011,92(4):469-478
[28]Wang C,Liu W,Zhan P R,et al.Exogenous Sr2+sedimentation on otolith of chum salmon embryos[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(10):3189-3194[王臣,刘伟,战培荣,等.外源Sr2+在大麻哈鱼胚胎耳石上的沉积.应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3189-3194]
[29]Jiang T,Liu H B,Huang H H,et al.Otolith microchemistry of Coilia grayii from the Pearl River estuary,China[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(4):816-821[姜涛,刘洪波,黄洪辉,等.珠江口七丝鲚耳石微化学初报.水生生物学报,2015,39(4):816-821]
[30]Yang J,Jiang T,Liu H B.Are there habitat salinity markers of Sr:Ca ratio in otolith of wild diadromous fishes?A literature survey[J].Ichthyological Research,2011,58(3):291-294