口腔种植材料表面特性与生物膜形成研究进展
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摘要
人类口腔环境为微生物提供了适宜生存的条件,多种微生物在牙齿表面形成了由基质包裹相互粘附的口腔生物膜,口腔生物膜是口腔微生物生存、代谢和致病的基础。随着1965年Brnemark种植体在临床上的成功应用,种植相关材料周围致病菌导致的种植体周围炎成为种植修复最常见的并发症之一,影响种植修复的远期效果。种植体周围炎引起了许多关注,并且口腔种植材料表面的特性和口腔生物膜的形成密切相关。本文就种植材料及天然牙齿表面的生物膜形成、种植材料表面特性对口腔生物膜及细菌粘附的影响因素、增强种植材料抗菌性能的方法以及未来的研究方向等作一综述。
Human oral environment provides suitable conditions for microorganisms.Oral biofilm is formed by various kinds of microorganisms,which are adherent to each other and enclosed by matrix on the tooth surface.Oral biofilm is the basis of microbial existence,metabolism and pathogenicity.With the successful application of Brnemark of dental implant in clinical practice in 1965,peri-implantitis caused by pathogenic microorganisms surrounding implant material became one of the most common implant and prosthetic complications which affected the long-term effect of treatment and raised lots of concerns.In this paper,the biofilm formation on surfaces of implant materials and natural teeth,the influencing factors of oral biofilm and bacterial adhesion by the properties of implant material surfaces,the methods of enhancing the antimicrobial characteristics of implant materials and the future research directions are reviewed.
Human oral environment provides suitable conditions for microorganisms.Oral biofilm is formed by various kinds of microorganisms,which are adherent to each other and enclosed by matrix on the tooth surface.Oral biofilm is the basis of microbial existence,metabolism and pathogenicity.With the successful application of Brnemark of dental implant in clinical practice in 1965,peri-implantitis caused by pathogenic microorganisms surrounding implant material became one of the most common implant and prosthetic complications which affected the long-term effect of treatment and raised lots of concerns.In this paper,the biofilm formation on surfaces of implant materials and natural teeth,the influencing factors of oral biofilm and bacterial adhesion by the properties of implant material surfaces,the methods of enhancing the antimicrobial characteristics of implant materials and the future research directions are reviewed.
引文
[1]Zhou Wei,Zhang Dongsheng,et al.The microbial diversity of oral microorganisms:Research progress[J].Chin J Microecol,2015,27(6):738-741.(in Chinese)周伟,张东升.口腔微生物多样性研究进展[J].中国微生态学杂志,2015,27(6):738-741.
[2]Teughels W,Van Assche N,Sliepen I,et al.Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2006,17(Suppl 2):68-81.
[3]Smeets R,Henningsen A,Jung O,et al.Definition,etiology,prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis--a review[J].Head Face Med,2014,10:34.
[4]eHOMD Homepage:Welcome to eHOMD[EB/OL].[2018-06-11].http://www.homd.org/?name.
[5]Socransky SS,Haffajee AD,Cugini M,et al.Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque[J].J Clin Periodontol,1998,25(2):134-144.
[6]De Freitas AR,Silva TSO,Ribeiro RF,et al.Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments:6-month follow-up[J].Clin Oral Investig,2018,22(6):2335-2343.
[7]Zijnge V,van Leeuwen MB,Degener JE,et al.Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth[J].PLoS One,2010,5(2):e9321.
[8]Saini R.Oral biofilm and dental implants:A brief[J].Natl JMaxillofac Surg,2011,2(2):228-229.
[9]Rosan B,Lamont RJ.Dental plaque formation[J].Microbes Infect,2000,2(13):1599-1607.
[10]Fürst MM,Salvi GE,Lang NP,et al.Bacterial colonization immediately after installation on oral titanium implants[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2007,18(4):501-508.
[11]Nakazato G,Tsuchiya H,Sato M,et al.In vivo plaque formation on implant materials[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1989,4(4):321-326.
[12]Salvi GE,Fürst MM,Lang NP,et al.One-year bacterial colonization patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria at implants and adjacent teeth[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2008,19(3):242-248.
[13]Berry CW,Moore TJ,Safar JA,et al.Antibacterial activity of dental implant metals[J].Implant Dent,1992,1(1):59-65.
[14]Steinberg D,Sela MN,Klinger A,et al.Adhesion of periodontal bacteria to titanium,and titanium alloy powders[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,1998,9(2):67-72.
[15]Violant D,GalofréM,Nart J,et al.In vitro evaluation of a multispecies oral biofilm on different implant surfaces[J].Biomed Mater,2014,9(3):035007.
[16]Prithviraj DR,Deeksha S,Regish KM,et al.A systematic review of zirconia as an implant material[J].Indian J Dent Res,2013,23(5):643-649.
[17]de Oliveira GR,Pozzer L,Cavalieri-Pereira L,et al.Bacterial adhesion and colonization differences between zirconia and titanium implant abutments:An in vivo human study[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2012,42(6):217-223.
[18]Scarano A,Piattelli M,Caputi S,et al.Bacterial adhesion on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks:An in vivo human study[J].J Periodontol,2004,75(2):292-296.
[19]de Avila ED,Vergani CE,Mollo Junior FA,et al.Effect of titanium and zirconia dental implant abutments on a cultivable polymicrobial saliva community[J].J Prosthet Dent,2017,118(4):481-487.
[20]van Brakel R,Cune MS,van Winkelhoff AJ,et al.Early bacterial colonization and soft tissue health around zirconia and titanium abutments:An in vivo study in man[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2011,22(6):571-577.
[21]Bürgers R,Gerlach T,Hahnel S,et al.In vivo and in vitro biofilm formation on two different titanium implant surfaces[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2010,21(2):156-164.
[22]Bollen CM,Papaioanno W,Van Eldere J,et al.The influence of abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and peri-implant mucositis[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,1996,7(3):201-211.
[23]Quirynen M,Bollen CM,Papaioannou W,et al.Influence of titanium abutment surface roughness on the plaque accumulation and gingivitis:Short term observation[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1996,11(2):169-178.
[24]LI Mei,YANG Senghui,WANG Zheling,et al.The influence of surface roughness on bacteria adhesion on titanium[J].Chin J Stomatol,2001,36(6):431-433.(in Chinese)李梅,杨圣辉,王者玲,等.钛种植体基台的表面粗糙度与细菌粘附[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2001,36(6):431-433.
[25]LIN Hong.Dental Material[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Press,2013.(in Chinese)林红.口腔材料学[M].2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2013.
[26]Busscher HJ,Weerkamp AH,van der Mei HC,et al.Measurement of the surface free energy of bacterial cell surfaces and its relevance for adhesion[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1984,48(5):980-983.
[27]Quirynen M,van der Mei HC,Bollen CM,et al.The influence of surface-free energy on supra-and subgingival plaque microbiology.An in vivo study on implants[J].J Periodontol,1994,65(2):162-167.
[28]Almaguer-Flores A,Olivares-Navarrete R,Wieland M,et al.Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(3):301-307.
[29]Ferreira Ribeiro C,Cogo-Müller K,Franco GC,et al.Initial oral biofilm formation on titanium implants with different surface treatments:An in vivo study[J].Arch Oral Biol,2016,69:33-39.
[30]Matos AO,Ricomini-Filho AP,Beline T,et al.Three-species biofilm model onto plasma-treated titanium implant surface[J].Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces,2017,152:354-366.
[31]Apse P,Ellen RP,Overall CM,et al.Microbiota and crevicular fluid collagenase activity in the osseointegrated dental implant sulcus:A comparison of sites in edentulous and partially edentulous patients[J].J Periodontal Res,1989,24(2):96-105.
[32]de Avila ED,de Molon RS,Vergani CE,et al.The Relationship between biofilm and physical-chemical properties of implant abutment materials for successful dental implants[J].Materials(Basel),2014,7(5):3651-3662.
[33]He S,Zhou P,Wang L,et al.Antibiotic-decorated titanium with enhanced antibacterial activity through adhesive polydopamine for dental/bone implant[J].J R Soc Interface,2014,11(95):20140169.
[34]De Zoysa GH,Sarojini V.Feasibility study exploring the potential of novel battacin lipopeptides as Antimicrobial coatings[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(2):1373-1383.
[35]Yazici H,O′Neill MB,Kacar T,et al.Engineered chimeric peptides as antimicrobial surface coating agents toward infection-free implants[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8(8):5070-5081.
[36]Yoo EM,Uhm SH,Kwon JS,et al.The study on inhibition of planktonic bacterial growth by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet treated surfaces for dental application[J].JBiomed Nanotechnol,2015,11(2):334-341.
[37]Esfandiari N,Simchi A,Bagheri R.Size tuning of Ag-decorated TiO2nanotube arrays for improved bactericidal capacity of orthopedic implants[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2014,102(8):2625-2635.
[38]Laredo-Naranjo MA,Carrillo-Gonzalez R,De La Garza-Ramos MA,et al.Antimicrobial properties and dental pulp stem cell cytotoxicity using carboxymethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticles deposited on titanium plates[J].Acta Biomater Odontol Scand,2016,2(1):60-67.
[39]Zhou W,Jia Z,Xiong P,et al.Bioinspired and biomimetic AgNPs/gentamicin-embedded silk fibroin coatings for robust antibacterial and osteogenetic applications[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(31):25830-25846.
[40]Wang J,Zhou H,Guo G,et al.Enhanced anti-infective efficacy of ZnO nanoreservoirs through a combination of intrinsic anti-biofilm activity and reinforced innate defense[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(39):33609-33623.
[41]Córdoba A,Hierro-Oliva M,Pacha-Olivenza MA,et al.Direct covalent grafting of phytate to titanium surfaces through Ti-O-P bonding shows bone stimulating surface properties and decreased bacterial adhesion[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8(18):11326-11335.
[42]Cheng H,Yue K,Kazemzadeh-Narbat M,et al.Mussel-inspired multifunctional hydrogel coating for prevention of infections and enhanced osteogenesis[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(13):11428-11439.
[43]Braem A,De Brucker K,Delattin N,et al.Alternating current electrophoretic deposition for the immobilization of antimicrobial agents on titanium implant surfaces[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(10):8533-8546.
[44]de Avila ED,Lima BP,Sekiya T,et al.Effect of UV-photofunctionalization on oral bacterial attachment and biofilm formation to titanium implant material[J].Biomaterials,2015,67:84-92.
[45]Fr9jd V,Chavez de Paz L,Andersson M,et al.In situ analysis of multispecies biofilm formation on customized titanium surfaces[J].Mol Oral Microbiol,2011,26(4):241-252.
[46]Fr9jd V,Linderbck P,Wennerberg A,et al.Effect of nanoporous TiO2coating and anodized Ca2+modification of titanium surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation[J].BMC Oral Health,2011,11:8.
[47]Doll K,Fadeeva E,Schaeske J,et al.Development of laserstructured liquid-infused titanium with strong biofilm-repellent properties[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(11):9359-9368.
[48]Padial-Molina M,López-Martínez J,O′Valle F,et al.Microbial Profiles and Detection Techniques in Peri-Implant Diseases:A systematic review[J].J Oral Maxillofac Res,2016,7(3):e10.
[49]Charalampakis G,Belibasakis GN.Microbiome of peri-implant infections:Lessons from conventional,molecular and metagenomic analyses[J].Virulence,2015,6(3):183-187.
[2]Teughels W,Van Assche N,Sliepen I,et al.Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2006,17(Suppl 2):68-81.
[3]Smeets R,Henningsen A,Jung O,et al.Definition,etiology,prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis--a review[J].Head Face Med,2014,10:34.
[4]eHOMD Homepage:Welcome to eHOMD[EB/OL].[2018-06-11].http://www.homd.org/?name.
[5]Socransky SS,Haffajee AD,Cugini M,et al.Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque[J].J Clin Periodontol,1998,25(2):134-144.
[6]De Freitas AR,Silva TSO,Ribeiro RF,et al.Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments:6-month follow-up[J].Clin Oral Investig,2018,22(6):2335-2343.
[7]Zijnge V,van Leeuwen MB,Degener JE,et al.Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth[J].PLoS One,2010,5(2):e9321.
[8]Saini R.Oral biofilm and dental implants:A brief[J].Natl JMaxillofac Surg,2011,2(2):228-229.
[9]Rosan B,Lamont RJ.Dental plaque formation[J].Microbes Infect,2000,2(13):1599-1607.
[10]Fürst MM,Salvi GE,Lang NP,et al.Bacterial colonization immediately after installation on oral titanium implants[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2007,18(4):501-508.
[11]Nakazato G,Tsuchiya H,Sato M,et al.In vivo plaque formation on implant materials[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1989,4(4):321-326.
[12]Salvi GE,Fürst MM,Lang NP,et al.One-year bacterial colonization patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria at implants and adjacent teeth[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2008,19(3):242-248.
[13]Berry CW,Moore TJ,Safar JA,et al.Antibacterial activity of dental implant metals[J].Implant Dent,1992,1(1):59-65.
[14]Steinberg D,Sela MN,Klinger A,et al.Adhesion of periodontal bacteria to titanium,and titanium alloy powders[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,1998,9(2):67-72.
[15]Violant D,GalofréM,Nart J,et al.In vitro evaluation of a multispecies oral biofilm on different implant surfaces[J].Biomed Mater,2014,9(3):035007.
[16]Prithviraj DR,Deeksha S,Regish KM,et al.A systematic review of zirconia as an implant material[J].Indian J Dent Res,2013,23(5):643-649.
[17]de Oliveira GR,Pozzer L,Cavalieri-Pereira L,et al.Bacterial adhesion and colonization differences between zirconia and titanium implant abutments:An in vivo human study[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2012,42(6):217-223.
[18]Scarano A,Piattelli M,Caputi S,et al.Bacterial adhesion on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks:An in vivo human study[J].J Periodontol,2004,75(2):292-296.
[19]de Avila ED,Vergani CE,Mollo Junior FA,et al.Effect of titanium and zirconia dental implant abutments on a cultivable polymicrobial saliva community[J].J Prosthet Dent,2017,118(4):481-487.
[20]van Brakel R,Cune MS,van Winkelhoff AJ,et al.Early bacterial colonization and soft tissue health around zirconia and titanium abutments:An in vivo study in man[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2011,22(6):571-577.
[21]Bürgers R,Gerlach T,Hahnel S,et al.In vivo and in vitro biofilm formation on two different titanium implant surfaces[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2010,21(2):156-164.
[22]Bollen CM,Papaioanno W,Van Eldere J,et al.The influence of abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and peri-implant mucositis[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,1996,7(3):201-211.
[23]Quirynen M,Bollen CM,Papaioannou W,et al.Influence of titanium abutment surface roughness on the plaque accumulation and gingivitis:Short term observation[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1996,11(2):169-178.
[24]LI Mei,YANG Senghui,WANG Zheling,et al.The influence of surface roughness on bacteria adhesion on titanium[J].Chin J Stomatol,2001,36(6):431-433.(in Chinese)李梅,杨圣辉,王者玲,等.钛种植体基台的表面粗糙度与细菌粘附[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2001,36(6):431-433.
[25]LIN Hong.Dental Material[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Press,2013.(in Chinese)林红.口腔材料学[M].2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2013.
[26]Busscher HJ,Weerkamp AH,van der Mei HC,et al.Measurement of the surface free energy of bacterial cell surfaces and its relevance for adhesion[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1984,48(5):980-983.
[27]Quirynen M,van der Mei HC,Bollen CM,et al.The influence of surface-free energy on supra-and subgingival plaque microbiology.An in vivo study on implants[J].J Periodontol,1994,65(2):162-167.
[28]Almaguer-Flores A,Olivares-Navarrete R,Wieland M,et al.Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(3):301-307.
[29]Ferreira Ribeiro C,Cogo-Müller K,Franco GC,et al.Initial oral biofilm formation on titanium implants with different surface treatments:An in vivo study[J].Arch Oral Biol,2016,69:33-39.
[30]Matos AO,Ricomini-Filho AP,Beline T,et al.Three-species biofilm model onto plasma-treated titanium implant surface[J].Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces,2017,152:354-366.
[31]Apse P,Ellen RP,Overall CM,et al.Microbiota and crevicular fluid collagenase activity in the osseointegrated dental implant sulcus:A comparison of sites in edentulous and partially edentulous patients[J].J Periodontal Res,1989,24(2):96-105.
[32]de Avila ED,de Molon RS,Vergani CE,et al.The Relationship between biofilm and physical-chemical properties of implant abutment materials for successful dental implants[J].Materials(Basel),2014,7(5):3651-3662.
[33]He S,Zhou P,Wang L,et al.Antibiotic-decorated titanium with enhanced antibacterial activity through adhesive polydopamine for dental/bone implant[J].J R Soc Interface,2014,11(95):20140169.
[34]De Zoysa GH,Sarojini V.Feasibility study exploring the potential of novel battacin lipopeptides as Antimicrobial coatings[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(2):1373-1383.
[35]Yazici H,O′Neill MB,Kacar T,et al.Engineered chimeric peptides as antimicrobial surface coating agents toward infection-free implants[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8(8):5070-5081.
[36]Yoo EM,Uhm SH,Kwon JS,et al.The study on inhibition of planktonic bacterial growth by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet treated surfaces for dental application[J].JBiomed Nanotechnol,2015,11(2):334-341.
[37]Esfandiari N,Simchi A,Bagheri R.Size tuning of Ag-decorated TiO2nanotube arrays for improved bactericidal capacity of orthopedic implants[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2014,102(8):2625-2635.
[38]Laredo-Naranjo MA,Carrillo-Gonzalez R,De La Garza-Ramos MA,et al.Antimicrobial properties and dental pulp stem cell cytotoxicity using carboxymethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticles deposited on titanium plates[J].Acta Biomater Odontol Scand,2016,2(1):60-67.
[39]Zhou W,Jia Z,Xiong P,et al.Bioinspired and biomimetic AgNPs/gentamicin-embedded silk fibroin coatings for robust antibacterial and osteogenetic applications[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(31):25830-25846.
[40]Wang J,Zhou H,Guo G,et al.Enhanced anti-infective efficacy of ZnO nanoreservoirs through a combination of intrinsic anti-biofilm activity and reinforced innate defense[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(39):33609-33623.
[41]Córdoba A,Hierro-Oliva M,Pacha-Olivenza MA,et al.Direct covalent grafting of phytate to titanium surfaces through Ti-O-P bonding shows bone stimulating surface properties and decreased bacterial adhesion[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8(18):11326-11335.
[42]Cheng H,Yue K,Kazemzadeh-Narbat M,et al.Mussel-inspired multifunctional hydrogel coating for prevention of infections and enhanced osteogenesis[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(13):11428-11439.
[43]Braem A,De Brucker K,Delattin N,et al.Alternating current electrophoretic deposition for the immobilization of antimicrobial agents on titanium implant surfaces[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(10):8533-8546.
[44]de Avila ED,Lima BP,Sekiya T,et al.Effect of UV-photofunctionalization on oral bacterial attachment and biofilm formation to titanium implant material[J].Biomaterials,2015,67:84-92.
[45]Fr9jd V,Chavez de Paz L,Andersson M,et al.In situ analysis of multispecies biofilm formation on customized titanium surfaces[J].Mol Oral Microbiol,2011,26(4):241-252.
[46]Fr9jd V,Linderbck P,Wennerberg A,et al.Effect of nanoporous TiO2coating and anodized Ca2+modification of titanium surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation[J].BMC Oral Health,2011,11:8.
[47]Doll K,Fadeeva E,Schaeske J,et al.Development of laserstructured liquid-infused titanium with strong biofilm-repellent properties[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(11):9359-9368.
[48]Padial-Molina M,López-Martínez J,O′Valle F,et al.Microbial Profiles and Detection Techniques in Peri-Implant Diseases:A systematic review[J].J Oral Maxillofac Res,2016,7(3):e10.
[49]Charalampakis G,Belibasakis GN.Microbiome of peri-implant infections:Lessons from conventional,molecular and metagenomic analyses[J].Virulence,2015,6(3):183-187.