漯河市学龄前儿童眼病患病现况分析
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摘要
目的了解学龄前儿童眼病情况及影响因素,指导防治工作。方法于2015年3—5月对河南省漯河市17所幼儿园9 821名3~6岁学龄前儿童进行入园眼病调查,调查内容包括视力、眼位、外眼,并对所得结果进行分析。结果 9 821名3~6岁学龄前儿童中,患眼病儿童3 429例(34.91%),其中屈光不正1 598例(16.27%),结膜炎1 174例(11.95%),分别位居第1、2位;共检出视力低常儿童1 614例(16.43%),年龄越大视力低常率越高,且女童视力低常率(17.38%)高于男童(15.56%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);共检出弱视儿童369例(3.76%),检出率依次为屈光不正性弱视(43.63%)、屈光参差性弱视(32.79%)、斜视性弱视(20.87%)、形觉剥夺性弱视(2.71%);在369例弱视儿童中,250例(67.75%)为首次发现。结论学龄前儿童眼病发病率较高,以屈光不正和结膜炎最多见;视力低常率随年龄增长而增高,女童高于男童;弱视成因以屈光不正为最常见。
Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of eye diseases among preschool children for the prevention and treatment of the diseases. Methods A survey on vision,eye position,and external ocular disease was conducted among 9 821 children aged 3- 6 years and selected with random cluster sampling from 17 kindergartens in Luohe city of Henan province between March and May 2015. Results Among the children surveyed,34. 91%( 3 429)were diagnosed with eye diseases,16. 27%( 1 598) with refractive error,and 11. 95%( 1 174) with conjunctivitis. Totally1 614( 16. 43%) children with lowvision were identified; the girls had a significantly higher prevalence of lowvision than the boys( 17. 38% vs. 15. 56%,P < 0. 05) and the prevalence of lowvision increased with the increment of age among the children. A total of 369 children were diagnosed with amblyopia( 3. 76%),of which,43. 63%,32. 79%,20. 87%,and 2. 71% were refractive,anisometropic,strabismic,and form deprivation amblyopia,respectively,and67. 75%( 250) of the children with amblyopia were diagnosed for the first time. Conclusion Among preschool children in Luohe city,the prevalence rate of eye disease is high,with refractive error and conjunctivitis being the most common eye disease and refractive amblyopia being the most common amblyopia; the prevalence rate of eye disease increases with age and the prevalence rate in the girls is higher than that in the boys.
Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of eye diseases among preschool children for the prevention and treatment of the diseases. Methods A survey on vision,eye position,and external ocular disease was conducted among 9 821 children aged 3- 6 years and selected with random cluster sampling from 17 kindergartens in Luohe city of Henan province between March and May 2015. Results Among the children surveyed,34. 91%( 3 429)were diagnosed with eye diseases,16. 27%( 1 598) with refractive error,and 11. 95%( 1 174) with conjunctivitis. Totally1 614( 16. 43%) children with lowvision were identified; the girls had a significantly higher prevalence of lowvision than the boys( 17. 38% vs. 15. 56%,P < 0. 05) and the prevalence of lowvision increased with the increment of age among the children. A total of 369 children were diagnosed with amblyopia( 3. 76%),of which,43. 63%,32. 79%,20. 87%,and 2. 71% were refractive,anisometropic,strabismic,and form deprivation amblyopia,respectively,and67. 75%( 250) of the children with amblyopia were diagnosed for the first time. Conclusion Among preschool children in Luohe city,the prevalence rate of eye disease is high,with refractive error and conjunctivitis being the most common eye disease and refractive amblyopia being the most common amblyopia; the prevalence rate of eye disease increases with age and the prevalence rate in the girls is higher than that in the boys.
引文
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[12]刘堃,刘丹.学龄前儿童弱视干预效果评价[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(10):1235
[2]钟裕秀,王莉杰,彭红.学龄前儿童视力动态观察[J].中国妇幼保健,2008,23(28):4000-4002.
[3]惠延年.眼科学[M].5版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:183.
[4]中华眼科学会全国儿童弱视斜视防治学组.弱势的定义、分类及疗效评价标准[J].中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志,1996,4(3):97.
[5]李凤鸣.中华眼科学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:1131-1139.
[6]任小军,潘美华,叶梅,等.厦门市思明区3~6岁儿童眼病调查[J].中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志,2009,17(1):36-38.
[7]滕铁波,黄彦红,杨柳,等.沈阳市0~6岁儿童视力及屈光状态筛查结果分析[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(3):384.
[8]袁疆红,李海东.13289例学龄前儿童视力筛查结果分析[J].江苏卫生保健,2012,2(5):40-41.
[9]陈晓绒,杨健,罗晓蓉.学龄前儿童视力异常影响因素分析[J].浙江预防医学,2014,26(11):1153-1154.
[10]吴建妹,杨志龙,肖蕾,等.平湖市1~5岁儿童视力筛查结果分析[J].浙江预防医学,2012,22(8):69-71.
[11]窦义蓉,王宏,曹型远,等.不同视力水平学生视力相关生存质量分析[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(6):717-719.
[12]刘堃,刘丹.学龄前儿童弱视干预效果评价[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(10):1235