社会转型初期农村老年人家庭户结构变动分析
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摘要
文本依据1990年及其后的三次人口普查数据从年龄结构、婚姻状况、生活费用来源及健康状况等角度分析社会转型过程中农村老年人居住的家庭户结构及其阶段特征。研究发现,农村老年人与已婚子女所组成的三代及以上直系家庭比例明显降低,夫妇健在时与已婚子女分爨所形成的夫妇"空巢"家庭则显著提高,丧偶后单独生活增多,表明老年父母与已婚子女同居养老的做法逐渐弱化。当然,社会转型初期,农村老年人单独生活和与已婚子女同爨为并存的两类主要居家养老方式。老年人丧偶后,甚至生活不能自理后单独生活比例较高,这种状况值得老年人子女、乡村公共组织予以关注,以便有效降低其生存风险。
Based on the census data since 1990,this paper analyzes the changes of household structure of the rural elderly from the perspectives of age structure,marital status,source of living expenses and health status.The study finds that the proportion of the lineal household with three or more generations is significantly reduced,the number of old couples living in "empty nest household" has increased considerably,and the proportion of single-person(after losing spouse) household has increased.It shows that the convention of rural elderly parents living with their married children is gradually weakening.Of course,in the early period of social transformation,rural elderly living alone is as common as living with married children coexist.But the proportion of elderly people living alone,after losing their spouses and even losing the ability to take care of themselves,is relatively high.This situation deserves the attention of their adult children and of rural public organizations.They should cooperate to reduce the risks of these rural elderly people.
Based on the census data since 1990,this paper analyzes the changes of household structure of the rural elderly from the perspectives of age structure,marital status,source of living expenses and health status.The study finds that the proportion of the lineal household with three or more generations is significantly reduced,the number of old couples living in "empty nest household" has increased considerably,and the proportion of single-person(after losing spouse) household has increased.It shows that the convention of rural elderly parents living with their married children is gradually weakening.Of course,in the early period of social transformation,rural elderly living alone is as common as living with married children coexist.But the proportion of elderly people living alone,after losing their spouses and even losing the ability to take care of themselves,is relatively high.This situation deserves the attention of their adult children and of rural public organizations.They should cooperate to reduce the risks of these rural elderly people.
引文
(1)2000年城乡老龄化水平(65岁及以上老年人所占比例)分别为6.67%和7.50%,2010年分别为7.68%和10.07%,2015年分别为9.16%和12.03%。这些数据计算自2000年、2010年人口普查数据资料和2015年1%人口抽样调查数据资料。
(1)王跃生:《中国城乡家庭结构变动分析--基于2010年人口普查数据》,《中国社会科学》,2013年第12期;王跃生:《制度变革、社会转型与中国家庭变动》,《开放时代》,2009年第3期。
(2)国务院人口普查办未提供2010年人口普查长表1%抽样原始数据库,仅提供根据课题承担人所设计程序运行出的Excel表格数据。
(1)王跃生:《当代中国家庭结构变动分析》,《中国社会科学》,2006年第1期;王跃生:《中国城乡家庭结构变动分析--基于2010年人口普查数据》,《中国社会科学》,2013年第12期。
(1)王跃生:《北方农村老年人“轮养”方式研究--基于河北调查数据》,黄宗智主编:《中国乡村研究》(第10辑),福州:福建教育出版社,2013年版。
(2)王跃生:《中国城乡家庭结构变动分析--基于2010年人口普查数据》,《中国社会科学》,2013年第12期。
(1)王跃生:《中国城乡家庭结构变动分析--基于2010年人口普查数据》,《中国社会科学》,2013年第12期;王跃生:《制度变革、社会转型与中国家庭变动》,《开放时代》,2009年第3期。
(2)国务院人口普查办未提供2010年人口普查长表1%抽样原始数据库,仅提供根据课题承担人所设计程序运行出的Excel表格数据。
(1)王跃生:《当代中国家庭结构变动分析》,《中国社会科学》,2006年第1期;王跃生:《中国城乡家庭结构变动分析--基于2010年人口普查数据》,《中国社会科学》,2013年第12期。
(1)王跃生:《北方农村老年人“轮养”方式研究--基于河北调查数据》,黄宗智主编:《中国乡村研究》(第10辑),福州:福建教育出版社,2013年版。
(2)王跃生:《中国城乡家庭结构变动分析--基于2010年人口普查数据》,《中国社会科学》,2013年第12期。