苏州西山仰坞生态园城市半自然生态系统服务功能与价值的定量评估
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摘要
对半人工生态系统的生态服务功能及价值进行定量评估,能够充分显化生态资源的经济价值,同时对于地方的生态补偿、环境保护及生态经济建设具有重要意义。该研究以苏州西山仰坞生态园为例,基于遥感影像分析了该地区近十几年以来的植被动态变化,并构建生态服务价值综合评估体系,对该地区生态系统的物质产品价值及涵养水源、固碳释氧及保育土壤等生态服务价值进行定量评估。结果表明:苏州吴中区西山仰坞的植被空间分布表现为中部及东部地区植被覆盖程度较高,而南部区域植被覆盖较低。近年来植被覆盖程度增高,且呈增加趋势的面积占到总面积的92.7%,进一步提升了该地区的生态系统服务功能和价值,主要源于果园和经济作物的大面积种植。苏州吴中区西山仰坞的物质产品价值即经济林产出价值为935万元,生态系统服务价值为453.75万元,不同类型生态服务价值由大到小排序为:涵养水源>生物多样性保护>固碳释氧>保育土壤>气候调节>积累营养物质,而旅游观光价值为1647万元,进而计算得2016年苏州西山仰坞生态园的生态系统服务总价值高达3035.75万元。通过评估得出苏州吴中区西山仰坞生态园在经济发展的过程中应综合利用该地生态系统多方面的生态资源及经济价值,进而充分发挥其生态价值效益。
The quantitative evaluation of the ecological service function and value of the semi artificial ecosystem can fully display the economic value of the ecological resources, and it is of great significance to the local ecological compensation,environmental protection and ecological economic construction. The study took the ecological garden of the West Mountain in the west mountain of Suzhou as an example. Based on remote sensing images, the dynamic changes of vegetation in this area were analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation system of ecological service value was constructed to evaluate the value of material products and the ecological service value of water conservation, carbon release, oxygen release and soil conservation. The spatial distribution of vegetation in the west hill of Suzhou Wuzhong District was characterized by high vegetation coverage in the central and eastern regions, and low vegetation coverage in the southern region. In recent years,the increase in vegetation coverage and the increasing trend of the area accounted for 92.7% of the total area, which further improved the function and value of ecosystem services in this area, mainly from the large area planting of orchard and economic crops. The value of material products was 935 million yuan; the ecosystem service value was 453.75 million yuan.The values of different types of ecosystem services from large to small were: water conservation, biodiversity conservation,carbon fixation, oxygen release, soil conservation, air purification, and accumulation of nutrients. The total value of ecological value was up to 3035.75 million yuan in 2016. Through evaluation, it is concluded that the ecological resources and economic value of the ecological system in Suzhou Xishan ecological park should be integrated in the process of economic development, so as to give full play to its ecological value and benefits.
The quantitative evaluation of the ecological service function and value of the semi artificial ecosystem can fully display the economic value of the ecological resources, and it is of great significance to the local ecological compensation,environmental protection and ecological economic construction. The study took the ecological garden of the West Mountain in the west mountain of Suzhou as an example. Based on remote sensing images, the dynamic changes of vegetation in this area were analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation system of ecological service value was constructed to evaluate the value of material products and the ecological service value of water conservation, carbon release, oxygen release and soil conservation. The spatial distribution of vegetation in the west hill of Suzhou Wuzhong District was characterized by high vegetation coverage in the central and eastern regions, and low vegetation coverage in the southern region. In recent years,the increase in vegetation coverage and the increasing trend of the area accounted for 92.7% of the total area, which further improved the function and value of ecosystem services in this area, mainly from the large area planting of orchard and economic crops. The value of material products was 935 million yuan; the ecosystem service value was 453.75 million yuan.The values of different types of ecosystem services from large to small were: water conservation, biodiversity conservation,carbon fixation, oxygen release, soil conservation, air purification, and accumulation of nutrients. The total value of ecological value was up to 3035.75 million yuan in 2016. Through evaluation, it is concluded that the ecological resources and economic value of the ecological system in Suzhou Xishan ecological park should be integrated in the process of economic development, so as to give full play to its ecological value and benefits.
引文
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[14]Li T,Cui Y,Liu A.Spatiotemporal dynamic analysis of forest ecosystem services using“big data”:A case study of Anhui province,central-eastern China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142:589-599.
[15]龚溪,曹铭昌,孙孝平,等.武夷山市生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(12):1094-1101.
[16]闵庆文,刘寿东,杨霞.内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能价值评估研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(3):165-169175.
[17]江波,陈媛媛,肖洋,等.白洋淀湿地生态系统最终服务价值评估[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2497-2505.
[18]齐敬辉,牛叔文,马利邦,等.2000-2014年疏勒河流域植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):757-766.
[19]郭晓娜,苏维词,李强,等.三峡库区(重庆段)地表起伏度及其对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):887-894.
[20]王钊齐,李建龙,杨悦,等.基于遥感的城市生态环境质量动态变化定量评价--以江苏省宜兴市为例[J].宁夏大学学报(自然版),2017,38(3):294-301.
[21]袁沫汐,邹玲,林爱文,等.湖北省地区植被覆盖变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5315-5323.
[22]欧阳志云,王效科.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[23]赵军,杨凯.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):346-356.
[24]艾夕辉,许建初,高富,等.西庄河流域森林生态系统涵养水源的价值[J].山地学报,2005,23(1):21-26.
[25]谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[26]付梦娣,李俊生,章荣安,等.浙江省南部山区生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态经济(中文版),2016,32(4):189-193.
[2]燕守广,李海东,方颖,等.气候变化背景下近15a乌梁素海流域植被动态变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):958-963.
[3]刘影,杜小龙,邹萌萌,等.各类生态系统功能与生态服务价值定量评估的理论与方法研究进展[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(11):106-112.
[4]刘兴元,龙瑞军,尚占环.草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估方法研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):167-174.
[5]缪建群,孙松,王志强,等.江西高天岩自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):6422-6430.
[6]张乐,孙世群,程静,等.灌区上游水源区生态价值评估方法及实例研究[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(8):142-146.
[7]张志强,徐中民,程国栋.生态系统服务与自然资本价值评估[J].生态学报,2001,21(11):1918-1926.
[8]刘秀丽,张勃,杨艳丽,等.五台山地区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):613-620.
[9]刘永杰,王世畅,彭皓,等.神农架自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1431-1438.
[10]肖骁,穆治霖,赵雪雁,等.基于RS/GIS的东北地区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3298-3304.
[11]汪有奎,郭生祥,汪杰,等.甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1905-1911.
[12]刘胜涛,高鹏,刘潘伟,等.泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3302-3310.
[13]KIBRIA A S M G,BEHIE A,COSTANZA R,et al.The value of ecosystem services obtained from the protected forest of Cambodia:The case of Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park[J].Ecosystem Services,2017,26:27-36.
[14]Li T,Cui Y,Liu A.Spatiotemporal dynamic analysis of forest ecosystem services using“big data”:A case study of Anhui province,central-eastern China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142:589-599.
[15]龚溪,曹铭昌,孙孝平,等.武夷山市生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(12):1094-1101.
[16]闵庆文,刘寿东,杨霞.内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能价值评估研究[J].草地学报,2004,12(3):165-169175.
[17]江波,陈媛媛,肖洋,等.白洋淀湿地生态系统最终服务价值评估[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2497-2505.
[18]齐敬辉,牛叔文,马利邦,等.2000-2014年疏勒河流域植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):757-766.
[19]郭晓娜,苏维词,李强,等.三峡库区(重庆段)地表起伏度及其对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):887-894.
[20]王钊齐,李建龙,杨悦,等.基于遥感的城市生态环境质量动态变化定量评价--以江苏省宜兴市为例[J].宁夏大学学报(自然版),2017,38(3):294-301.
[21]袁沫汐,邹玲,林爱文,等.湖北省地区植被覆盖变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5315-5323.
[22]欧阳志云,王效科.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[23]赵军,杨凯.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):346-356.
[24]艾夕辉,许建初,高富,等.西庄河流域森林生态系统涵养水源的价值[J].山地学报,2005,23(1):21-26.
[25]谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[26]付梦娣,李俊生,章荣安,等.浙江省南部山区生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态经济(中文版),2016,32(4):189-193.