大棚秋番茄茎基腐病防控试验
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摘要
通过大田试验,探讨遮阳网覆盖、穴盘基质育苗、药肥和生物菌肥灌根、土壤处理等防治大棚秋番茄茎基腐病的有效方法。结果表明,大棚秋番茄覆盖遮阳网,晴天遮阳率比对照大棚下降49.89%,白天地表温度平均降低5.58℃,地温平均降低约1℃。覆盖大棚内小气候的改善促进了秋番茄的茁壮生长,降低秋番茄茎基腐病发病率达64.32%,使秋番茄第1穗果实产量比对照棚的提高23.30%。采用穴盘基质育苗,可使大棚秋番茄茎基腐病发病率比对照降低47.95%。采用"可立克"药肥对秋番茄秧苗喷灌根,促进秋番茄植株和果实的生长,使番茄第1果穗产量提高40.84%,且茎基腐病发病率为0;而冲施"968"生物菌肥会加重番茄茎基腐病的发生。春番茄秸秆还田对大棚秋番茄前期生长有抑制作用,可使秋番茄前期结果率和产量下降,且有利于秋番茄茎基腐病的发生。棉隆处理大棚土壤抑制秋番茄前期的生长,使番茄第1穗果实膨大受到抑制,单果质量明显降低,而且对秋番茄茎基腐病无抑制作用;而"棉隆+生物菌"处理土壤可使秋番茄第1果穗产量明显高于对照和棉隆处理,降低茎基腐病发病率达79.62%。综上,遮阳网覆盖大棚、穴盘基质育苗、"可立克"药肥喷灌根及"棉隆+生物菌"处理土壤均是防治大棚秋番茄茎基腐病的有效方法。
Through field experiments in plastic tunnel,the effective methods to control stemFusariumrot in autumn tomato were explored,including sunshade net,plug seedling with stroma,root irrigated with pesticide fertilizer and bacterial manure,and soil treatment.The results showed that the sun-shading rate of autumn tomato in the plastic tunnel reduced by 49.89% compared with control.Average of ground temperature and average soil temperature were reduced by 5.58 ℃ and 1 ℃,respectively.This improved microclimate in the plastic tunnel,promoted growth of tomato plants,reduced incidence of tomato stem base rot by 64.32%,and increased yield of fruit of the first panicle by23.30% compared with control.By plug seedling with stroma,incidence of stem base rot of autumn tomato in plastic tunnel can be reduced by 47.95% than that of control.Tomato seedlings irrigated with"Corek"fertilizer around root promoted growth of tomato plants and fruits,increased yield of fruits of the first panicle by 40.84%and decreased incidence of stem base rot by zero.However,application of bio-fertilizer"968"increased occurrence of tomato stem base rot.Application of straw incorporation of spring tomato had an inhibition to growth of plastic-covered autumn tomato in the early stage,reduced yield and fruiting,and increased occurrence of tomato stem base rot.Dazomet treatment inhibited growth of autumn tomato,fruit expansion of the first panicle and the individual fruit mass however,failed to inhibit stem base rot of tomato.Fruit yield of the first panicle of autumn tomato through treatment with"dazomet plus biological bacterial"was significantly higher than that of control and dazomet treatment,which reducing incidence of stem base rot reduced by 79.62%.Altogether,application of sunshade net inside plastic tunnel,plug seedling with stroma,root irrigated with biological fertilizer"corek"and soil treated with"dazomet plus biological bacteria"were effective to prevent stem base rot of autumn tomato in plastic tunnle.
Through field experiments in plastic tunnel,the effective methods to control stemFusariumrot in autumn tomato were explored,including sunshade net,plug seedling with stroma,root irrigated with pesticide fertilizer and bacterial manure,and soil treatment.The results showed that the sun-shading rate of autumn tomato in the plastic tunnel reduced by 49.89% compared with control.Average of ground temperature and average soil temperature were reduced by 5.58 ℃ and 1 ℃,respectively.This improved microclimate in the plastic tunnel,promoted growth of tomato plants,reduced incidence of tomato stem base rot by 64.32%,and increased yield of fruit of the first panicle by23.30% compared with control.By plug seedling with stroma,incidence of stem base rot of autumn tomato in plastic tunnel can be reduced by 47.95% than that of control.Tomato seedlings irrigated with"Corek"fertilizer around root promoted growth of tomato plants and fruits,increased yield of fruits of the first panicle by 40.84%and decreased incidence of stem base rot by zero.However,application of bio-fertilizer"968"increased occurrence of tomato stem base rot.Application of straw incorporation of spring tomato had an inhibition to growth of plastic-covered autumn tomato in the early stage,reduced yield and fruiting,and increased occurrence of tomato stem base rot.Dazomet treatment inhibited growth of autumn tomato,fruit expansion of the first panicle and the individual fruit mass however,failed to inhibit stem base rot of tomato.Fruit yield of the first panicle of autumn tomato through treatment with"dazomet plus biological bacterial"was significantly higher than that of control and dazomet treatment,which reducing incidence of stem base rot reduced by 79.62%.Altogether,application of sunshade net inside plastic tunnel,plug seedling with stroma,root irrigated with biological fertilizer"corek"and soil treated with"dazomet plus biological bacteria"were effective to prevent stem base rot of autumn tomato in plastic tunnle.
引文
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