不同长度的饲用苎麻青贮对黑山羊瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同长度的饲用苎麻青贮对黑山羊瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响。选择健康、年龄相近、体重为(20.35±2.16) kg的黑山羊12只,随机分为3组(每组4只),分别饲喂由不同长度(1、2和3 cm)的饲用苎麻青贮为粗饲料配制的全混合日粮(TMR)。在饲喂第11天时,分别于晨饲后0.5、2.0和6.0 h,经口腔采集瘤胃内容物,进行瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性测定。结果表明:1)饲用苎麻青贮长度对平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05);在晨饲后0.5和2.0 h,1 cm组的瘤胃液pH显著低于2和3 cm组(P<0.05);在晨饲后2.0 h,1 cm组的瘤胃液氨态氮浓度最低,且显著低于2和3 cm组(P<0.05)。2)饲用苎麻青贮长度对瘤胃液乙丙比有显著影响(P=0.026),3 cm组在各个时间点均低于1和2 cm组,但是对单一挥发性脂肪酸及总挥发性脂肪酸浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲用苎麻青贮长度对瘤胃液各纤维素酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05),采样时间对瘤胃液β-葡萄糖苷酸酶、果胶酶及木聚糖酶活性均有显著影响(P<0.05),饲用苎麻青贮长度与采样时间对瘤胃液羧甲基纤维素酶及木聚糖酶活性有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,长度为3 cm的饲用苎麻青贮更有利于黑山羊瘤胃发酵。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different lengths of feeding-ramie silage on rumen fermentation parameters and cellulase activities of black goats.Twelve black goats with similar body weight [(20.35±2.16) kg]were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 goats per group.Goats in the 4 groups were fed total mixed rations(TMRs) which used the feeding-ramie silage as a roughage,and the lengths of feeding-ramie silage were 1,2 and 3 cm,respectively.On the 11 th day of feeding,the rumen contents were collected by the oral cavity at 0.5,2.0 and 6.0 h after morning feeding,and the rumen fermentation parameters and cellulase activities were measured.The results showed as follows:1) the length of feeding-ramie silage had no significant effect on average daily intake of goats(P>0.05).The pH in rumen fluid of 1 cm group was significantly lower than that of 2 and 3 cm groups at 0.5 and 2.0 h after morning feeding(P<0.05).The rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1 cm group was the lowest,and it significantly lower than that of 2and 3 cm groups at 2.0 h after morning feeding(P<0.05).2) The length of feeding-ramie silage had significant effects on the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio(P=0.026),especially the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio of 3 cm group was lower than that of other two groups at all time points,but there were no significant effects on individual volatile fatty acids(VFAs) and total VFAs(P>0.05).3) The length of feeding-ramie silage had no significant influences on cellulose activities in rumen fluid(P>0.05),but the sampling time had a significant effect on β-glucuronidase,pectinase and xylanase activities in rumen fluid(P<0.05),and the feedingramie silage length and sampling time had significant interaction effects on carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activities in rumen fluid(P<0.05).In conclusion,the feeding-ramie silage with 3 cm chopped length is more conducive to rumen fermentation of black goats under this experiment conditions.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different lengths of feeding-ramie silage on rumen fermentation parameters and cellulase activities of black goats.Twelve black goats with similar body weight [(20.35±2.16) kg]were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 goats per group.Goats in the 4 groups were fed total mixed rations(TMRs) which used the feeding-ramie silage as a roughage,and the lengths of feeding-ramie silage were 1,2 and 3 cm,respectively.On the 11 th day of feeding,the rumen contents were collected by the oral cavity at 0.5,2.0 and 6.0 h after morning feeding,and the rumen fermentation parameters and cellulase activities were measured.The results showed as follows:1) the length of feeding-ramie silage had no significant effect on average daily intake of goats(P>0.05).The pH in rumen fluid of 1 cm group was significantly lower than that of 2 and 3 cm groups at 0.5 and 2.0 h after morning feeding(P<0.05).The rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1 cm group was the lowest,and it significantly lower than that of 2and 3 cm groups at 2.0 h after morning feeding(P<0.05).2) The length of feeding-ramie silage had significant effects on the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio(P=0.026),especially the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio of 3 cm group was lower than that of other two groups at all time points,but there were no significant effects on individual volatile fatty acids(VFAs) and total VFAs(P>0.05).3) The length of feeding-ramie silage had no significant influences on cellulose activities in rumen fluid(P>0.05),but the sampling time had a significant effect on β-glucuronidase,pectinase and xylanase activities in rumen fluid(P<0.05),and the feedingramie silage length and sampling time had significant interaction effects on carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activities in rumen fluid(P<0.05).In conclusion,the feeding-ramie silage with 3 cm chopped length is more conducive to rumen fermentation of black goats under this experiment conditions.
引文
[1]朱涛涛.苎麻与南方主要牧草的饲用价值比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2014:11-35.
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[3]王延周,熊和平,吴端钦,等.饲用苎麻‘中饲苎1号'最佳刈割株高的研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(6):1280-1286.
[4]魏金涛,杨雪海,严念东,等.苎麻营养成分分析及瘤胃降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):197-204.
[5]王郝为,戴求仲,侯振平,等.饲用苎麻青贮特性及其青贮前后营养成分与饲用价值比较[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):293-298.
[6]吴端钦,魏仲珊,高帅,等.苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、乳成分及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1645-1651.
[7]高钢,熊和平,陈平,等.饲喂苎麻嫩茎叶青贮料对山羊育肥效果及肌肉品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(19):20-23.
[8]LI X X,DURMIC Z,LIU S M,et al.Eremophila glabra reduces methane production and methanogen populations when fermented in a Rusitec[J].Anaerobe,2014,29:100-107.
[9]KOZLOSKI G V,LIMA L D,CADORIN R L,Jr,et al.Microbial colonization and degradation of forage samples incubated in vitro at different initial pH[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,141(3/4):356-367.
[10]SONG Y H,LEE K T,BAEK J Y,et al.Isolation and characterization of a novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase from a metagenomic library of the black-goat rumen[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2017,48(4):801-808.
[11]BENVENUTTI MA,PICHARD G R.Fibrolysis in rumen mediated by a mixture of exogenous polysaccharidases[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,198:130-140.
[12]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[13]WU D Q,TANG S X,HE Z X,et al.Oleic and linoleic acids alter fermentation characteristics,methane and fatty acid isomers production during in vitro incubation with mixed ruminal microbes[J].Journal of Food,Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(2):464-469.
[14]聂普.粗饲料长度、来源对泌乳奶牛采食量、咀嚼活动及生产性能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014:12-20.
[15]赵正剑.TMR中不同长度的苜蓿干草以及用全棉籽替换部分精料对奶牛生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011:17-28.
[16]HOOVER W H,KINCAID C R,VARGA G A,et al.Effect of solid and liquid flow s on fermentation in continuous cultures.Ⅳ.pH and dilution rate 1[J].Journal of Animal Science,1984,58(3):692-699.
[17]KMICIKEWYCZ A D,HARVATINE K J,HEINRICHS A J.Effects of corn silage particle size,supplemental hay,and forage-to-concentrate ratio on rumen pH,feed preference,and milk fat profile of dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(7):4850-4868.
[18]YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Physically effective fiber:method of determination and effects on chewing,ruminal acidosis,and digestion by dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2618-2633.
[19]EINARSON MS,PLAIZIER J C,WITTENBERG K M.Effects of barley silage chop length on productivity and rumen conditions of lactating dairy cow s fed a total mixed ration[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(9):2987-2996.
[20]THOMSON A L,HUMPHRIES D J,KLIEMK E,et al.Effects of replacing maize silage with lucerne silage and lucerne silage chop length on rumen function and milk fatty acid composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(9):7127-7138.
[21]OMIDI-MIRZAEI H,AZARFAR A,MIRZAEI M,et al.Effects of forage source and forage particle size as a free-choice provision on grow th performance,rumen fermentation,and behavior of dairy calves fed texturized starters[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(5):4143-4157.
[22]张毕阳,赵桂琴,焦婷,等.燕麦干草与全株玉米青贮不同组合对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3563-3573.
[23]张涛,赵向辉,徐明,等.粗饲料颗粒长度对山羊咀嚼活动和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(9):30-32.
[24]KONONOFF P J,HEINRICHS A J,LEHMAN H A.The effect of corn silage particle size on eating behavior,chewing activities,and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(10):3343-3353.
[25]KRAUSE K M,COMBS D K.Effects of forage particle size,forage source,and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in midlactation cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(4):1382-1397.
[26]邬彩霞,陈国宏,赵国琦.TMR中苜蓿干草长度对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(5):58-61.
[27]高爽,邓俊良,陈芸,等.复合抗菌肽对山羊瘤胃发酵和酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2548-2555.
[28]陈光吉,宋善丹,彭忠利,等.体外产气法研究不同NFC/NDF底物条件下外源纤维素酶的适宜添加水平[J].草业学报,2017,26(7):116-127.
[29]ZEBELI Q,TAFAJ M,WEBER I,et al.Effects of dietary forage particle size and concentrate level on fermentation profile,in vitro degradation characteristics and concentration of liquid-or solid-associated bacterial mass in the rumen of dairy cow s[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,140(3/4):307-325.
[30]高洋.黑麦草NDF组成及粒度对山羊采食行为、瘤胃发酵和瘤胃养分降解动力学的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[2]吴端钦,王郝为,侯振平,等.几种南方非常规饲料作物的营养成分及氨基酸组成[J].草业科学,2017,34(6):1332-1336.
[3]王延周,熊和平,吴端钦,等.饲用苎麻‘中饲苎1号'最佳刈割株高的研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(6):1280-1286.
[4]魏金涛,杨雪海,严念东,等.苎麻营养成分分析及瘤胃降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):197-204.
[5]王郝为,戴求仲,侯振平,等.饲用苎麻青贮特性及其青贮前后营养成分与饲用价值比较[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):293-298.
[6]吴端钦,魏仲珊,高帅,等.苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、乳成分及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1645-1651.
[7]高钢,熊和平,陈平,等.饲喂苎麻嫩茎叶青贮料对山羊育肥效果及肌肉品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(19):20-23.
[8]LI X X,DURMIC Z,LIU S M,et al.Eremophila glabra reduces methane production and methanogen populations when fermented in a Rusitec[J].Anaerobe,2014,29:100-107.
[9]KOZLOSKI G V,LIMA L D,CADORIN R L,Jr,et al.Microbial colonization and degradation of forage samples incubated in vitro at different initial pH[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,141(3/4):356-367.
[10]SONG Y H,LEE K T,BAEK J Y,et al.Isolation and characterization of a novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase from a metagenomic library of the black-goat rumen[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2017,48(4):801-808.
[11]BENVENUTTI MA,PICHARD G R.Fibrolysis in rumen mediated by a mixture of exogenous polysaccharidases[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,198:130-140.
[12]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[13]WU D Q,TANG S X,HE Z X,et al.Oleic and linoleic acids alter fermentation characteristics,methane and fatty acid isomers production during in vitro incubation with mixed ruminal microbes[J].Journal of Food,Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(2):464-469.
[14]聂普.粗饲料长度、来源对泌乳奶牛采食量、咀嚼活动及生产性能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014:12-20.
[15]赵正剑.TMR中不同长度的苜蓿干草以及用全棉籽替换部分精料对奶牛生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011:17-28.
[16]HOOVER W H,KINCAID C R,VARGA G A,et al.Effect of solid and liquid flow s on fermentation in continuous cultures.Ⅳ.pH and dilution rate 1[J].Journal of Animal Science,1984,58(3):692-699.
[17]KMICIKEWYCZ A D,HARVATINE K J,HEINRICHS A J.Effects of corn silage particle size,supplemental hay,and forage-to-concentrate ratio on rumen pH,feed preference,and milk fat profile of dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(7):4850-4868.
[18]YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Physically effective fiber:method of determination and effects on chewing,ruminal acidosis,and digestion by dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2618-2633.
[19]EINARSON MS,PLAIZIER J C,WITTENBERG K M.Effects of barley silage chop length on productivity and rumen conditions of lactating dairy cow s fed a total mixed ration[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(9):2987-2996.
[20]THOMSON A L,HUMPHRIES D J,KLIEMK E,et al.Effects of replacing maize silage with lucerne silage and lucerne silage chop length on rumen function and milk fatty acid composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(9):7127-7138.
[21]OMIDI-MIRZAEI H,AZARFAR A,MIRZAEI M,et al.Effects of forage source and forage particle size as a free-choice provision on grow th performance,rumen fermentation,and behavior of dairy calves fed texturized starters[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(5):4143-4157.
[22]张毕阳,赵桂琴,焦婷,等.燕麦干草与全株玉米青贮不同组合对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3563-3573.
[23]张涛,赵向辉,徐明,等.粗饲料颗粒长度对山羊咀嚼活动和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(9):30-32.
[24]KONONOFF P J,HEINRICHS A J,LEHMAN H A.The effect of corn silage particle size on eating behavior,chewing activities,and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(10):3343-3353.
[25]KRAUSE K M,COMBS D K.Effects of forage particle size,forage source,and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in midlactation cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(4):1382-1397.
[26]邬彩霞,陈国宏,赵国琦.TMR中苜蓿干草长度对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(5):58-61.
[27]高爽,邓俊良,陈芸,等.复合抗菌肽对山羊瘤胃发酵和酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2548-2555.
[28]陈光吉,宋善丹,彭忠利,等.体外产气法研究不同NFC/NDF底物条件下外源纤维素酶的适宜添加水平[J].草业学报,2017,26(7):116-127.
[29]ZEBELI Q,TAFAJ M,WEBER I,et al.Effects of dietary forage particle size and concentrate level on fermentation profile,in vitro degradation characteristics and concentration of liquid-or solid-associated bacterial mass in the rumen of dairy cow s[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,140(3/4):307-325.
[30]高洋.黑麦草NDF组成及粒度对山羊采食行为、瘤胃发酵和瘤胃养分降解动力学的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.