复方中草药发酵制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究复方中草药发酵制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响。选择144头遗传背景相同、初始体重(9.54±0.08)kg的35日龄健康杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每重复12头,公母各半。分别饲喂3种不同的日粮:Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%复方中草药,Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%复方中草药发酵制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,中草药组平均日增重(ADG)有一定程度提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);与中草药组相比,中草药发酵组平均日增重有较大程度提高(P>0.05),料重比有一定程度降低(P>0.05),平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,中草药组血清中IgA、IgG水平有一定程度提高,IgM水平略有降低,但差异都不显著(P>0.05),中草药发酵组血清中IgA、IgG和IgM水平都显著提高(P<0.05);与中草药组相比,中草药发酵组血清中IgA、IgG和IgM水平都有较大程度提高,其中IgA和IgM达到显著水平(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,中草药组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(GHO)和甘油三酯(TG)含量差异都不显著(P>0.05),血清尿素氮(BUN)含量显著降低(P<0.05);与中草药组相比,中草药发酵组血清中谷丙转氨酶活性、总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量差异都不显著(P>0.05)。综合试验结果,在日粮中添加复方中草药发酵制剂可提高断奶仔猪生产性能,提高血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量,增强机体免疫功能。
The study was aimed to investigate the effects of fermentation preparation of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance,immune function and serum biochemical indexes in weaned piglets.A total of 144 Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace health piglets weaned at 35 days of age with the same genetic background and(9.54±0.08) kg body weight were randomly divided into three groups with 4 replicates in each group and 12 pigs in each replicate(half male and female).The control group(groupⅠ) was fed basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed basal diet supplemented 0.4% compound Chinese herbal medicine and group Ⅲ were fed 0.4% fermentation preparation of compound Chinese herbal medicine.The trial lasted for 30 d.The results showed as follows:①Compared with the control group,the average daily gain(ADG) of the group Ⅱ increased to a certain extent,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),the average daily feed intake(ADFI) and F/G decreased significantly(P<0.05);compared with group Ⅱ,the ADG of group Ⅲ increased(P>0.05),while the F/G decreased to a certain extent(P>0.05),and the ADFI decreased significantly(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in IgA,IgG and IgM between the control group and group Ⅱ(P>0.05),but the levels of IgA,IgG and IgM increased significantly in group Ⅲ compared with control group,and the levels of IgA and IgM were higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05).③ Compared with the control group,serum ALT,AST,TP,ALB,GLO,GLU,CHO and TG in group Ⅱ had no significant change(P>0.05),while BUN decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅱ,ALT activity,contents of TP and GLO in group Ⅲ increased significantly(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing compound Chinese herbal medicine could improve growth performance,increase serum TP,ALB and GLO contents,and enhance immune function in weaned piglets.
The study was aimed to investigate the effects of fermentation preparation of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance,immune function and serum biochemical indexes in weaned piglets.A total of 144 Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace health piglets weaned at 35 days of age with the same genetic background and(9.54±0.08) kg body weight were randomly divided into three groups with 4 replicates in each group and 12 pigs in each replicate(half male and female).The control group(groupⅠ) was fed basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed basal diet supplemented 0.4% compound Chinese herbal medicine and group Ⅲ were fed 0.4% fermentation preparation of compound Chinese herbal medicine.The trial lasted for 30 d.The results showed as follows:①Compared with the control group,the average daily gain(ADG) of the group Ⅱ increased to a certain extent,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),the average daily feed intake(ADFI) and F/G decreased significantly(P<0.05);compared with group Ⅱ,the ADG of group Ⅲ increased(P>0.05),while the F/G decreased to a certain extent(P>0.05),and the ADFI decreased significantly(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in IgA,IgG and IgM between the control group and group Ⅱ(P>0.05),but the levels of IgA,IgG and IgM increased significantly in group Ⅲ compared with control group,and the levels of IgA and IgM were higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05).③ Compared with the control group,serum ALT,AST,TP,ALB,GLO,GLU,CHO and TG in group Ⅱ had no significant change(P>0.05),while BUN decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅱ,ALT activity,contents of TP and GLO in group Ⅲ increased significantly(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing compound Chinese herbal medicine could improve growth performance,increase serum TP,ALB and GLO contents,and enhance immune function in weaned piglets.
引文
[1] 李玉,陈亮,孟庆娟,等.复方中药制剂对仔猪生长性能及免疫机能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(10):9-13. LI Y,CHEN L,MENG Q J,et al.Effects of compound Chinese herbal on growth performance and immune function of piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(10):9-13.(in Chinese)
[2] 吴超,张莉,吴跃明,等.中草药添加剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):31-35. WU C,ZHANG L,WU Y M,et al.Effects of Chinese herb additives on growth performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2010,46(3):31-35.(in Chinese)
[3] 王芳芳,刁华杰,王志龙,等.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪肠道菌群与生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(3):121-124. WANG F F,DIAO H J,WANG Z L,et al.Effects of herbal additives on performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(3):121-124.(in Chinese)
[4] 刘茹,马光欣,刘乾亥.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪的安全性评价[J].中国饲料,2018,6:34-36. LIU R,MA G X,LIU Q H.Safety evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine additives to weaned piglets[J].China Feed,2018,6:34-36.(in Chinese)
[5] 秦琴.发酵在中药研究中的应用概况[J].中国西部科技,2010,21:43-46. QIN Q.Application of fermentation technology on the study of Chinese materia medica[J].Science and Technology of West China,2010,21:43-46.(in Chinese)
[6] 武洪志,宋玉卓,王志龙,等.发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫和生化指标的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(8):15-24. WU H Z,SONG Y Z,WANG Z L,et al.Effect of fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance,immune and biochemical indices of weaned piglets[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2017,48(8):15-24.(in Chinese)
[7] 汪洋,汪德刚,张世新,等.中药微生态发酵技术研究进展与展望[J].中国动物保健,2014,16(9):22-26. WANG Y,WANG D G,ZHANG S X,et al.Progress and prospect for microecology fermentation in Chinese medicine[J].China Animal Health,2014,16(9):22-26.(in Chinese)
[8] 汪晶晶,任红立,宋建楼,等.中草药饲料添加剂在猪生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2016,2:36-39. WANG J J,REN H L,SONG J L,et al.Application of Chinese herbal medicine in pig breeding production[J].Feed Review,2016,2:36-39.(in Chinese)
[9] 孙玉华.添加中草药对断奶仔猪生产性能及经济效益的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(6):108-111. SUN Y H.Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on production performance and economic benefits of weaning piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(6):108-111.(in Chinese)
[10] 苗旭,王璐菊,黄超,等.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能影响的研究[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2013,32(2):16-18. MIAO X,WANG L J,HUANG C,et al.Study on effects of Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance in weaning piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2013,32(2):16-18.(in Chinese)
[11] 曹授俊,雷莉辉,乔立东,等.复方中药添加剂对仔猪生产性能和血液生理指数的影响[J].饲料研究,2015,21:23-25. CAO S J,LEI L H,QIAO L D,et al.Effects of compound Chinese herbal on growth performance and blood physiological values of pig lets[J].Feed Research,2015,21:23-25.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵倩,陈玉春,高绪娜,等.三株益生菌发酵中草药制剂对鲤鱼血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化指标及肠道菌群结构的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,2:39-43. ZHAO Q,CHEN Y C,GAO X N.et al.The influence of the fermented traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) products by three probiotics on serum biochemical index,liver antioxidant index and intestinal flora structure in carp[J].Feed Industry,2017,2:39-43.(in Chinese)
[13] 吴炳新,牛纪江,孙筱林,等.发酵中草药学[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2014. WU B X,NOU J J,SUN X L,et al.Fermented Chinese Herbs[M].Beijing:Chinese Medicine Ancient Works Publisher,2014.(in Chinese)
[14] DE-RIHERS N,FARMER C,DIVIDICHJ L E,et al.Variability of colostrum yield and colostmm intake in pigs[J].Animal,2007,1(7):1033-1041.
[15] 郭爱伟,朱静,陈纷纷,等.中草药的免疫调节作用研究进展[J].动物医学研究进展,2008,29(11):64-67. GUO A W,ZHU J,CHEN F F,et al.Progress on immune function of Chinese herbal medicines[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2008,29(11):64-67.(in Chinese)
[16] 安胜英,马学会,刘观忠.发酵中药添加剂对肉仔鸡免疫机能和抗氧化机能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(5):863-867. AN S Y,MA X H,LIU G Z.Effects of fermented Chinese herbs on immunity and antioxidant ability of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2015,46(5):863-867.(in Chinese)
[17] 何正义,李福宝,吴翠娟,等.中药复方制剂对生长育肥猪生长性能及血清免疫球蛋白的影响[J].养猪,2008,5:13-14. HE Z Y,LI F B,WU C J,et al.Effect of Chinese herb complex on growth performance and serum immunoglobulin content of growing finishing pigs[J].Swine Production,2008,5:13-14.(in Chinese)
[18] 李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖、益生菌合生元对雏鸡生长和免疫的作用[J].中国农学通报,2005,6:51-54. LI S P,ZHAO X J.Effects of synbiotics of Astragalus polysaccharide and profitable microbe on growth performance and immune function of chick[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,6:51-54.(in Chinese)
[19] 尹清强,李小飞,常娟,等.微生态制剂对哺乳和断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及作用机理研究[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(4):622-630. YIN Q Q,LI X F,CHANG J,et al.Probiotics:Effects on performance and mechanisms of action in suckling and weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(4):622-630.(in Chinese)
[20] 胡新旭,周映华,卞巧,等.无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生产性能、血液生化指标和肉品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(1):72-77. HU X X,ZHOU Y H,BIAN Q,et al.Effects of complex probiotics fermented feed without antibiotic on growth performance,plasma biochemical parameters,immune function and meat quality in growing-finishing pig[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2015,34(1):72-77.(in Chinese)
[21] 贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915. JIA C H,YANG C M,ZENG X F,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immune function and serum biochemical parameters of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(3):908-915.(in Chinese)
[22] 王强,张乃锋,崔凯,等.植物乳杆菌和苦荞黄酮及其复合物对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):170-179. WANG Q,ZHANG N F,CUI K.et al.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum,buckwheat flavone and their compounds on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum indices of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(1):170-179.(in Chinese)
[23] SCOTT M L,NESHEIM M C,YUONG R J.Nutrition of the Chicken[M].3rd Edition.Ithaca:Cornell University,1982.
[24] 孙鸣,潘宝海,孙冬岩,等.合生素对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2009,7:63-64. SUN M,PAN B H,SUN D Y,et al.Effects of synbiotics on serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[J].Feed Research,2009,7:63-64.(in Chinese)
[2] 吴超,张莉,吴跃明,等.中草药添加剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):31-35. WU C,ZHANG L,WU Y M,et al.Effects of Chinese herb additives on growth performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2010,46(3):31-35.(in Chinese)
[3] 王芳芳,刁华杰,王志龙,等.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪肠道菌群与生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(3):121-124. WANG F F,DIAO H J,WANG Z L,et al.Effects of herbal additives on performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(3):121-124.(in Chinese)
[4] 刘茹,马光欣,刘乾亥.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪的安全性评价[J].中国饲料,2018,6:34-36. LIU R,MA G X,LIU Q H.Safety evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine additives to weaned piglets[J].China Feed,2018,6:34-36.(in Chinese)
[5] 秦琴.发酵在中药研究中的应用概况[J].中国西部科技,2010,21:43-46. QIN Q.Application of fermentation technology on the study of Chinese materia medica[J].Science and Technology of West China,2010,21:43-46.(in Chinese)
[6] 武洪志,宋玉卓,王志龙,等.发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫和生化指标的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(8):15-24. WU H Z,SONG Y Z,WANG Z L,et al.Effect of fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance,immune and biochemical indices of weaned piglets[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2017,48(8):15-24.(in Chinese)
[7] 汪洋,汪德刚,张世新,等.中药微生态发酵技术研究进展与展望[J].中国动物保健,2014,16(9):22-26. WANG Y,WANG D G,ZHANG S X,et al.Progress and prospect for microecology fermentation in Chinese medicine[J].China Animal Health,2014,16(9):22-26.(in Chinese)
[8] 汪晶晶,任红立,宋建楼,等.中草药饲料添加剂在猪生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2016,2:36-39. WANG J J,REN H L,SONG J L,et al.Application of Chinese herbal medicine in pig breeding production[J].Feed Review,2016,2:36-39.(in Chinese)
[9] 孙玉华.添加中草药对断奶仔猪生产性能及经济效益的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(6):108-111. SUN Y H.Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on production performance and economic benefits of weaning piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(6):108-111.(in Chinese)
[10] 苗旭,王璐菊,黄超,等.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能影响的研究[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2013,32(2):16-18. MIAO X,WANG L J,HUANG C,et al.Study on effects of Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance in weaning piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2013,32(2):16-18.(in Chinese)
[11] 曹授俊,雷莉辉,乔立东,等.复方中药添加剂对仔猪生产性能和血液生理指数的影响[J].饲料研究,2015,21:23-25. CAO S J,LEI L H,QIAO L D,et al.Effects of compound Chinese herbal on growth performance and blood physiological values of pig lets[J].Feed Research,2015,21:23-25.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵倩,陈玉春,高绪娜,等.三株益生菌发酵中草药制剂对鲤鱼血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化指标及肠道菌群结构的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,2:39-43. ZHAO Q,CHEN Y C,GAO X N.et al.The influence of the fermented traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) products by three probiotics on serum biochemical index,liver antioxidant index and intestinal flora structure in carp[J].Feed Industry,2017,2:39-43.(in Chinese)
[13] 吴炳新,牛纪江,孙筱林,等.发酵中草药学[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2014. WU B X,NOU J J,SUN X L,et al.Fermented Chinese Herbs[M].Beijing:Chinese Medicine Ancient Works Publisher,2014.(in Chinese)
[14] DE-RIHERS N,FARMER C,DIVIDICHJ L E,et al.Variability of colostrum yield and colostmm intake in pigs[J].Animal,2007,1(7):1033-1041.
[15] 郭爱伟,朱静,陈纷纷,等.中草药的免疫调节作用研究进展[J].动物医学研究进展,2008,29(11):64-67. GUO A W,ZHU J,CHEN F F,et al.Progress on immune function of Chinese herbal medicines[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2008,29(11):64-67.(in Chinese)
[16] 安胜英,马学会,刘观忠.发酵中药添加剂对肉仔鸡免疫机能和抗氧化机能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(5):863-867. AN S Y,MA X H,LIU G Z.Effects of fermented Chinese herbs on immunity and antioxidant ability of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2015,46(5):863-867.(in Chinese)
[17] 何正义,李福宝,吴翠娟,等.中药复方制剂对生长育肥猪生长性能及血清免疫球蛋白的影响[J].养猪,2008,5:13-14. HE Z Y,LI F B,WU C J,et al.Effect of Chinese herb complex on growth performance and serum immunoglobulin content of growing finishing pigs[J].Swine Production,2008,5:13-14.(in Chinese)
[18] 李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖、益生菌合生元对雏鸡生长和免疫的作用[J].中国农学通报,2005,6:51-54. LI S P,ZHAO X J.Effects of synbiotics of Astragalus polysaccharide and profitable microbe on growth performance and immune function of chick[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,6:51-54.(in Chinese)
[19] 尹清强,李小飞,常娟,等.微生态制剂对哺乳和断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及作用机理研究[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(4):622-630. YIN Q Q,LI X F,CHANG J,et al.Probiotics:Effects on performance and mechanisms of action in suckling and weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(4):622-630.(in Chinese)
[20] 胡新旭,周映华,卞巧,等.无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生产性能、血液生化指标和肉品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(1):72-77. HU X X,ZHOU Y H,BIAN Q,et al.Effects of complex probiotics fermented feed without antibiotic on growth performance,plasma biochemical parameters,immune function and meat quality in growing-finishing pig[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2015,34(1):72-77.(in Chinese)
[21] 贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915. JIA C H,YANG C M,ZENG X F,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immune function and serum biochemical parameters of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(3):908-915.(in Chinese)
[22] 王强,张乃锋,崔凯,等.植物乳杆菌和苦荞黄酮及其复合物对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):170-179. WANG Q,ZHANG N F,CUI K.et al.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum,buckwheat flavone and their compounds on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum indices of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(1):170-179.(in Chinese)
[23] SCOTT M L,NESHEIM M C,YUONG R J.Nutrition of the Chicken[M].3rd Edition.Ithaca:Cornell University,1982.
[24] 孙鸣,潘宝海,孙冬岩,等.合生素对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2009,7:63-64. SUN M,PAN B H,SUN D Y,et al.Effects of synbiotics on serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[J].Feed Research,2009,7:63-64.(in Chinese)