城市非点源污染逐日排放特征及控制策略研究——以昆明市北部排水片区为例
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摘要
城市非点源污染的排放负荷计算及特征分析是开展相应污染控制工作的基础。基于SWMM模型开展昆明市北部排水片区2013年城市非点源污染逐日排放负荷模拟与特征分析,并选取6项评价指标对比分析了3种源头控制技术措施的径流和污染物削减潜力。结果表明:2013年研究区域排入盘龙江的非点源COD、TN和TP年排放负荷分别为2 818.39、119.24、75.21t,最大日排放负荷分别为135.41、5.69、3.86t;2013年非点源COD、TN和TP入盘龙江日平均排放值分别有171、170、215d未达到水环境功能区划目标;削减潜力分析结果表明,水质浮选雨水口对COD年总负荷超标倍数和超标日平均超标倍数的削减程度最大,屋面雨水收集则对其余指标的削减效果最好。
The calculation and characteristics analysis of urban nonpoint source pollutants emission loads are thebasis for the corresponding pollution control.Based on SWMM model,the simulation and characteristics analysis ofdaily urban nonpoint source pollution emission loads in the northern drainage area of Kunming in 2013 were carriedout in this study.6 indexes were selected to compare the runoff and pollution reduction potential of 3 technicalmeasures of nonpoint source control.The results showed that the annual nonpoint source COD,TN and TP emissionloads into the Panlong River in 2013 were 2 818.39,119.24,75.21 t,respectively.The maximum daily emission loadswere 135.41,5.69,3.86 t,respectively.The number of days in which the daily average concentration of nonpoint sourceCOD,TN and TP emission exceeded the water quality standard for water environment functional zoning were 171,170,215 d,respectively.The analysis of the reduction potential of 3 technical measures showed that the water qualityfloatation gully had the greatest reduction in COD superstandard multiples of annual nonpoint source pollution loadand the overall load of the days in which the daily average concentration of emission exceeded the standard,while roofrainwater harvesting had the best effect on the reduction of the other indexes.
The calculation and characteristics analysis of urban nonpoint source pollutants emission loads are thebasis for the corresponding pollution control.Based on SWMM model,the simulation and characteristics analysis ofdaily urban nonpoint source pollution emission loads in the northern drainage area of Kunming in 2013 were carriedout in this study.6 indexes were selected to compare the runoff and pollution reduction potential of 3 technicalmeasures of nonpoint source control.The results showed that the annual nonpoint source COD,TN and TP emissionloads into the Panlong River in 2013 were 2 818.39,119.24,75.21 t,respectively.The maximum daily emission loadswere 135.41,5.69,3.86 t,respectively.The number of days in which the daily average concentration of nonpoint sourceCOD,TN and TP emission exceeded the water quality standard for water environment functional zoning were 171,170,215 d,respectively.The analysis of the reduction potential of 3 technical measures showed that the water qualityfloatation gully had the greatest reduction in COD superstandard multiples of annual nonpoint source pollution loadand the overall load of the days in which the daily average concentration of emission exceeded the standard,while roofrainwater harvesting had the best effect on the reduction of the other indexes.
引文
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[22]张大伟.流域非点源污染模拟与控制决策支持系统的开发与应用[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[23]赵冬泉.城市非点源污染与控制策略的模拟研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[2]李家科.流域非点源污染负荷定量化研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009.
[3]朱梅.海河流域农业非点源污染负荷估算与评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[4]ROSSMAN L A.Storm water management model user’s manual,version 5.0[R].Cincinnati:National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,USEPA,2010.
[5]BICKNELL B R,IMHOFF J C,KITTLE JR J L,et al.Hydrological simulation program-Fortran(HSPF):user’s manual for release 12[R].Athens:USEPA,2001.
[6]HEC.Storage,treatment,overflow,runoff model“STORM”[R].Davis:HEC,United States Corps of Engineers,1977.
[7]ALLEY W M,SMITH P E.Distributed routing rainfall-runoff model:versionⅡ[R].Richmond:United States Geological Survey,1982.
[8]THOMAS R P.Application of the DR3M watershed model on a small urban basin[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1990,26(5):757-766.
[9]NAJJAR K F,PARK S S,UCHRIN C G.A water quality management model for the Lakes Bay estuarine embayment 1.receiving water quality model[J].Journal of Environment Science and Health.Part A:Environmental Science and Engineering,1995,30(5):1001-1023.
[10]IM S,BRANNAN K M,MOSTAGHIMI S.Simulating hydrologic and water quality impacts in an urbanizing watershed[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2003,39(6):1465-1479.
[11]BARCO J,WONG K M,STENSTROM M K.Automatic calibration of the U.S.EPA SWMM model for a large urban catchment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,134(4):466-474.
[12]王石.基于SWMM模型的南宁市地表径流及非点源污染精细化模拟研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.
[13]何佳,王丽,张丽平,等.滇池北岸重污染排水区污染控制与水质改善方案研究[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(5):66-75.
[14]王蓉,秦华鹏,赵智杰.基于SWMM模拟的快速城市化地区洪峰径流和非点源污染控制研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(1):141-150.
[15]KONG F,BAN Y,YIN H,et al.Modeling stormwater management at the city district level in response to changes in land use and low impact development[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2017,95:132-142.
[16]WANG M,SUN Y,SWEETAPPLE C.Optimization of storage tank locations in an urban stormwater drainage system using a two-stage approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,204:31-38.
[17]马晓宇,朱元励,梅琨,等.SWMM模型应用于城市住宅区非点源污染负荷模拟计算[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(1):95-102.
[18]马箐,沙晓军,徐向阳,等.基于SWMM模型的低影响开发对城市住宅区非点源污染负荷的控制效果模拟[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(9):53-57.
[19]CIPOLLA S S,MAGLIONICO M,STOJKOV I.A long-term hydrological modelling of an extensive green roof by means of SWMM[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,95:876-887.
[20]秦攀,雷坤,乔飞,等.子汇水区划分精度对SWMM模拟城市非点源的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(6):179-186.
[21]东阳.滇池流域城市和农村非点源污染耦合模拟与控制策略研究[D].北京:清华大学,2016.
[22]张大伟.流域非点源污染模拟与控制决策支持系统的开发与应用[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[23]赵冬泉.城市非点源污染与控制策略的模拟研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.