成都金堂李家梁子M23号墓石棺构件矿物组成及风化机理研究
|
摘要
成都金堂李家梁子M23号墓出土的汉朝石棺存在表面粉化、剥落等病害现象,急需保护修复。现场调查表明,该石质文物风化病害主要表现为裂隙状风化、页片状风化、粒状风化、粉末状风化等。本文借助X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜等对金堂石质文物进行了微观成分及结构分析。结果表明,文物材质为红色砂岩,其碎屑物主要为石英、钠长石、岩屑和少量云母,胶结物以钙质为主,含少量的炭质及泥质。该砂岩产生风化病害的主要原因是钙质胶结物的溶解流失及泥质胶结物遇水的崩解,同时还受岩屑、长石类碎屑风化蚀变的影响。该研究可为石棺的后期保护修复工作提供基础科学数据。
The Han Dynasty stone coffin unearthed from M23 tomb in Jintang Lijialiangzi of Chengdu has suffered from surface weathering phenomena such as powdering, peeling and other diseases and hence needs protection and restoration as soon as possible. On-the-spot investigation shows that the main weathering diseases of the stone artifact include cracks, sheets, granules, powders, etc. In this paper, the authors used X-ray diffraction(XRD), polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) to analyze the microstructure and structure of Jintang stone artifact. The results show that the stone artifact is made of red sandstone, and the main detrital minerals are quartz, albite, rock debris and a small amount of mica. The main cement is calcium with a small amount of carbonaceous and argillaceous material. It is also shown that the main factors responsible for the sandstone weathering is the dissolution loss of calcareous cement and the disintegration of muddy cement with water, together with the influence of the weathering alteration of debris and feldspar debris. The results obtained by the authors will help to provide basic scientific data for the post-protection and restoration of this stone coffin.
The Han Dynasty stone coffin unearthed from M23 tomb in Jintang Lijialiangzi of Chengdu has suffered from surface weathering phenomena such as powdering, peeling and other diseases and hence needs protection and restoration as soon as possible. On-the-spot investigation shows that the main weathering diseases of the stone artifact include cracks, sheets, granules, powders, etc. In this paper, the authors used X-ray diffraction(XRD), polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) to analyze the microstructure and structure of Jintang stone artifact. The results show that the stone artifact is made of red sandstone, and the main detrital minerals are quartz, albite, rock debris and a small amount of mica. The main cement is calcium with a small amount of carbonaceous and argillaceous material. It is also shown that the main factors responsible for the sandstone weathering is the dissolution loss of calcareous cement and the disintegration of muddy cement with water, together with the influence of the weathering alteration of debris and feldspar debris. The results obtained by the authors will help to provide basic scientific data for the post-protection and restoration of this stone coffin.
引文
Bai Lingyun,Li Wenkui and Xiang Junhuai.2016.Application Experiment of Computer in Materials[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,37~87(in Chinese).
Benito G,Machado M J and Sancho C.1993.Sandstone weathering processes damaging prehistoric rock paintings at the Albarracin Cultural Park,NE spain[J].Environmental Geology,22:71~79.
Cheng Qiang,Kou Xiaobing,Huang Shaobin,et al.2004.The distributes and geologic environment characteristics of red beds in China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1:34~40(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou Guihua,Li Weifeng,Guo Wei,et al.2008.Analysis of mineral phase of converter steel slag by backscattered electron images of SEM[J].Materials Review,22(S2):208~211(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Linyan,Zhang Qingjun and Shen Yi.2004.A method for weighted data fusion to estimate the population mean-value of random variables[J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Technology,3:83~86(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yumao,Suo Dehao,Liu Shouqiang,et al.2007.A brief report of tombs of the Tang and Song dynasties at Li Jialiangzi in Zhao Town,Jintang County were excavated[J].Chengdou Archaeology and Discovery,564~580(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Lulu.2011.Research on hydrogeological features of weathering fracture weak aquifer and types of water-storing units in Red Beds[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Dongyun,Zhang Zanxun,Fu Linsen,et al.1993.Formation of weathered product and destroying effect of an ancient grotto in Beishan[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,6:39~44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Jinhua,Yan Shaojun,Ren Weizhong,et al.2013.Systematic Studies on the Stability of Rock Caves[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,7~10(in Chinese).
Wei Quan,He Xiaodong,Xie Zhenbin,et al.2009.The Physical characteristics of rock cliff figures in Sichuan province[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,21(2):48~52(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yan Hongbin,Huang Jizhong and Zhao Xinchun.2005.The change law of temperature and humidity of Yungang Grottoes and its influence on Grotto preservation[A].Proceedings of Yungang International Symposium 2005[C].Yungang Grottoes Research Institute,101~108(in Chinese).
Zhang Xiong,Huang Tinghao,Zhang Yongjuan,et al.2015.Image-pro plus analysis of pore structure of concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,18(1):177~182(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Qingsong.2016.Research on the Influence of microstructure of red beds sandstone on its Engineering Mechanical Properties in Longquan mountain area[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Junyi.2006.Study on the protection for lithoid cultural relic of red layer in southwest area,China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,243~250(in Chinese).
白凌云,李文魁,向军淮.2016.计算机在材料中的应用实验指导[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,37~87.
程强,寇小兵,黄绍槟,等.2004.中国红层的分布及地质环境特征[J].工程地质学报,1:34~40.
侯贵华,李伟峰,郭伟,等.2008.用扫描电镜的背散射电子像分析转炉钢渣中的矿物相[J].材料导报,22(S2):208~211.
胡林彦,张庆军,沈毅.2004.X射线衍射分析的实验方法及其应用[J].河北理工学院学报,3:83~86.
刘雨茂,索德浩,刘守强,等.2007.金堂赵镇李家梁子唐宋墓发掘简报[J].成都考古发现,564~580.
孙璐璐.2011.红层风化裂隙弱含水层水文地质特征及储水单元类型研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.
汪东云,张赞勋,付林森,等.1993.北山石窟渗水特征及其对造象岩体的破坏作用[J].水文地质工程地质,6:39~44.
王金华,严绍军,任伟中,等.2013.石窟岩体结构稳定性分析评价系统研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,7~10.
韦荃,贺晓东,谢振斌,等.2009.四川摩崖造像岩石的工程物理特性[J].文物保护与考古科学,21(2):48~52.
闫宏彬,黄继忠,赵新春.2005.云冈石窟温湿度变化规律及对石窟保存的影响[A].2005年云冈国际学术研讨会论文集[C].云冈石窟研究院,101~108.
张雄,黄廷皓,张永娟,等.2015.Image-Pro Plus混凝土孔结构图像分析方法[J].建筑材料学报,18(1):177~182.
郑清松.2016.龙泉山红层砂岩微结构对其工程力学性质的影响研究[D].成都:西南交通大学.
周骏一.2006.我国西南地区“红层”石质文物的保护研究[C].工程地质学报,243~250.
Benito G,Machado M J and Sancho C.1993.Sandstone weathering processes damaging prehistoric rock paintings at the Albarracin Cultural Park,NE spain[J].Environmental Geology,22:71~79.
Cheng Qiang,Kou Xiaobing,Huang Shaobin,et al.2004.The distributes and geologic environment characteristics of red beds in China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1:34~40(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou Guihua,Li Weifeng,Guo Wei,et al.2008.Analysis of mineral phase of converter steel slag by backscattered electron images of SEM[J].Materials Review,22(S2):208~211(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Linyan,Zhang Qingjun and Shen Yi.2004.A method for weighted data fusion to estimate the population mean-value of random variables[J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Technology,3:83~86(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yumao,Suo Dehao,Liu Shouqiang,et al.2007.A brief report of tombs of the Tang and Song dynasties at Li Jialiangzi in Zhao Town,Jintang County were excavated[J].Chengdou Archaeology and Discovery,564~580(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun Lulu.2011.Research on hydrogeological features of weathering fracture weak aquifer and types of water-storing units in Red Beds[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Dongyun,Zhang Zanxun,Fu Linsen,et al.1993.Formation of weathered product and destroying effect of an ancient grotto in Beishan[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,6:39~44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Jinhua,Yan Shaojun,Ren Weizhong,et al.2013.Systematic Studies on the Stability of Rock Caves[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,7~10(in Chinese).
Wei Quan,He Xiaodong,Xie Zhenbin,et al.2009.The Physical characteristics of rock cliff figures in Sichuan province[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,21(2):48~52(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yan Hongbin,Huang Jizhong and Zhao Xinchun.2005.The change law of temperature and humidity of Yungang Grottoes and its influence on Grotto preservation[A].Proceedings of Yungang International Symposium 2005[C].Yungang Grottoes Research Institute,101~108(in Chinese).
Zhang Xiong,Huang Tinghao,Zhang Yongjuan,et al.2015.Image-pro plus analysis of pore structure of concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,18(1):177~182(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Qingsong.2016.Research on the Influence of microstructure of red beds sandstone on its Engineering Mechanical Properties in Longquan mountain area[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Junyi.2006.Study on the protection for lithoid cultural relic of red layer in southwest area,China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,243~250(in Chinese).
白凌云,李文魁,向军淮.2016.计算机在材料中的应用实验指导[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,37~87.
程强,寇小兵,黄绍槟,等.2004.中国红层的分布及地质环境特征[J].工程地质学报,1:34~40.
侯贵华,李伟峰,郭伟,等.2008.用扫描电镜的背散射电子像分析转炉钢渣中的矿物相[J].材料导报,22(S2):208~211.
胡林彦,张庆军,沈毅.2004.X射线衍射分析的实验方法及其应用[J].河北理工学院学报,3:83~86.
刘雨茂,索德浩,刘守强,等.2007.金堂赵镇李家梁子唐宋墓发掘简报[J].成都考古发现,564~580.
孙璐璐.2011.红层风化裂隙弱含水层水文地质特征及储水单元类型研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.
汪东云,张赞勋,付林森,等.1993.北山石窟渗水特征及其对造象岩体的破坏作用[J].水文地质工程地质,6:39~44.
王金华,严绍军,任伟中,等.2013.石窟岩体结构稳定性分析评价系统研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,7~10.
韦荃,贺晓东,谢振斌,等.2009.四川摩崖造像岩石的工程物理特性[J].文物保护与考古科学,21(2):48~52.
闫宏彬,黄继忠,赵新春.2005.云冈石窟温湿度变化规律及对石窟保存的影响[A].2005年云冈国际学术研讨会论文集[C].云冈石窟研究院,101~108.
张雄,黄廷皓,张永娟,等.2015.Image-Pro Plus混凝土孔结构图像分析方法[J].建筑材料学报,18(1):177~182.
郑清松.2016.龙泉山红层砂岩微结构对其工程力学性质的影响研究[D].成都:西南交通大学.
周骏一.2006.我国西南地区“红层”石质文物的保护研究[C].工程地质学报,243~250.