?传递和转化的普遍化动力学方程
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摘要
能量在传递和转化过程中是守恒的,但不同形式的?在传递和转化过程中有不同程度的损耗,对该过程的深入理解有助于合理而又高效地利用能源。任何形式的能和?都可以被表示为一对基本强度量和基本广延量的乘积。利用基本强度量乘以与其共轭的基本广延量的平衡方程,导出了?传递和转化的普遍化动力学方程。该普遍化动力学方程表示出了任意形式的?在传递过程中与其它形式的?之间的转化关系,由此导出了在工程领域常见的动?、化学?、压?、电?和热?的传递和转化动力学关系式,并给出了系统总?的表述式。这些动力学关系式不仅清楚地反映了系统内部不同形式?之间存在的相互转化关系,而且还定量地反映了各种转化过程的不可逆性。
Although energy is conserved during the transfer and conversion processes,exergy is not conserved,and different form of exergy has different amount of dissipation( destruction) in processes. A better understanding of these processes will be of great benefit to create new energy-conversion and energy-utilization technology. Any form of energy and exergy can be mathematically expressed as the product of a pair of conjugate basic intensive quantity and basic extensive quantity. Multiplying the balance equation of a basic extensive quantity by the conjugate intensive quantity,a generalized transfer and conversion equation of exergy was derived,which revealed the transfer and conversion relation among any specified form of exergy and the others. The transfer and conversion equations of kinetic,chemical,pressure( strain),electric and thermal exergy,which were commonly used in engineering,were given. In the resultant total exergy equation,not only terms appear that explicitly reveal conversions between different forms of exergies,but also the irreversibility of different conversions is quantitatively included.
Although energy is conserved during the transfer and conversion processes,exergy is not conserved,and different form of exergy has different amount of dissipation( destruction) in processes. A better understanding of these processes will be of great benefit to create new energy-conversion and energy-utilization technology. Any form of energy and exergy can be mathematically expressed as the product of a pair of conjugate basic intensive quantity and basic extensive quantity. Multiplying the balance equation of a basic extensive quantity by the conjugate intensive quantity,a generalized transfer and conversion equation of exergy was derived,which revealed the transfer and conversion relation among any specified form of exergy and the others. The transfer and conversion equations of kinetic,chemical,pressure( strain),electric and thermal exergy,which were commonly used in engineering,were given. In the resultant total exergy equation,not only terms appear that explicitly reveal conversions between different forms of exergies,but also the irreversibility of different conversions is quantitatively included.
引文
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[7]韩光泽,华贲,陈清林,等.热力学中的普遍化表达式[J].中国科学:A辑,2001,31(10):934-938.
[8]韩光泽,华贲,陈清林,等.传递过程的统一描述[J].工程热物理学报,2003,24(6):1025-1027.
[2]韩光泽,李珺,郭平生,等.能量传递和转换的动力学分解关系[J].广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,24(2):19-23.
[3] MORAN M J,SHAPIRO H N. Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics[M]. 6th ed. New York:John Wiley&Sons,2008.
[4]华贲.工艺过程用能分析及综合[M].北京:烃加工出版社,1989.
[5]德格鲁托.非平衡态热力学[M].陆全康,译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1981.
[6]韩光泽,华贲,陈清林,等.能量的普遍化表达式与能态公设[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2001,29(7):48-50.
[7]韩光泽,华贲,陈清林,等.热力学中的普遍化表达式[J].中国科学:A辑,2001,31(10):934-938.
[8]韩光泽,华贲,陈清林,等.传递过程的统一描述[J].工程热物理学报,2003,24(6):1025-1027.