打叶留茎对烤烟上部叶质量和可用性的影响
|
摘要
为了提高烤烟上部叶叶片质量和经济性状。采用田间试验,以常规打顶为对照,设置打叶留茎2节、打叶留茎4节和打叶留茎6节3个顶端调控处理,研究打叶留茎长度对烤烟打顶后农艺性状、上部叶常规化学成分、物理性状及相关生理指标的动态影响。结果表明,和常规打顶相比,打叶留茎降低了烤烟上部叶叶面积、叶质重及叶厚,提高了叶片组织疏松程度;提高上等烟、中等烟及中部化烟叶比例,尤其以打叶留茎4节处理明显,分别增加22.32%、17.56%和191.77%;顶端处理后,3个打叶留茎处理烟株的根系活力降低,钾含量提高,烟碱含量有所下降,其中以打叶留茎4节和打叶留茎6节处理烟叶的烟碱含量降幅最大。3个打叶留茎处理上部叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量以及总糖/烟碱、总氮/烟碱和钾/氯的比值较常规打顶提高,烟叶化学成分协调。打叶留茎4节的烟叶中部化比例和等级较高,上部叶品质较好,工业可用性高。
To improve the quality and economic traits of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco. The effects of conventional topping, threshing leaving two stems, threshing leaving four stems and threshing leaving six stems on agronomic traits, main chemical components, physical traits and dynamic physiological indicators of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that, compared with conventional topping, leaf area, weight and thickness of threshing leaving stems were reduced of upper leaves by threshing leaving stems,and the loosen degree was improved; proportion of the fine tobacco, medium tobacco and middle part were increased, and those indexes were increased by 22.32%, 17.56% and 191.77% by leaving 4 stems especially. The root activity and nicotine content of three threshing leaving stems were decreased, and potassium content was increased after topping treatment. The total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium content, total sugar/nicotine, total nitrogen/nicotine and potassium/chlorine were increased, and the chemical composition were coordinated of tobacco leaves. Therefore, proportion of middle leaf tobacco of leaving four stems was high, the quality of upper leaves was better, and the industrial availability was high.
To improve the quality and economic traits of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco. The effects of conventional topping, threshing leaving two stems, threshing leaving four stems and threshing leaving six stems on agronomic traits, main chemical components, physical traits and dynamic physiological indicators of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that, compared with conventional topping, leaf area, weight and thickness of threshing leaving stems were reduced of upper leaves by threshing leaving stems,and the loosen degree was improved; proportion of the fine tobacco, medium tobacco and middle part were increased, and those indexes were increased by 22.32%, 17.56% and 191.77% by leaving 4 stems especially. The root activity and nicotine content of three threshing leaving stems were decreased, and potassium content was increased after topping treatment. The total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium content, total sugar/nicotine, total nitrogen/nicotine and potassium/chlorine were increased, and the chemical composition were coordinated of tobacco leaves. Therefore, proportion of middle leaf tobacco of leaving four stems was high, the quality of upper leaves was better, and the industrial availability was high.
引文
[1]余志虹,陈建军,林锐锋,等.不同打顶方式对烤烟农艺性状及上部叶可用性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2012,33(4):429-433.
[2]徐增汉,王能如,王东胜,等.半晾半烤法提高烤烟上部叶可用性的研究[J].浙江农业科学,2003,44(5):259-261.
[3]宫长荣,李巍,司辉,等.下部烟叶采收时间对上部叶生理生化变化及烤后质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2003,36(9):36-38.
[4]郭群召,刘卫群,陈良存,等.降低烤烟上部叶烟碱含量的综合措施[J].耕作与栽培,2004(1):58-59.
[5]CLAUSSEN M,LüTHE H,BLATT M,et al.Auxin-induced growth and its linkage to potassium channels[J].Planta,1997,201(2):227-234.
[6]KESSLER A,BALDWIN I T.Plant responses to insect herbivory:the emerging molecular analysis[J].Annu Rev Plant Biol,2002,53(1):299-328.
[7]宫长荣,刘霞,宋朝鹏,等.影响烤烟上部叶质量的因素及提高其可用性的措施[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):103-108.
[8]郭东海,朱列书,宋正熊,等.不同打顶方式对烤烟上部叶化学成分的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):83-85.
[9]兰金隆,蓝周焕,赖荣泉,等.不同打顶时期和驳枝方法对烤烟品种“K326”上部叶可用性影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):265-271.
[10]陈宜军,齐绍武,夏凯,等.不同时间二次打顶对烤烟上部叶生物量和钾含量的影响[J].作物研究,2007,21(S1):746-747.
[11]时鹏,申国明,向德恩,等.恩施烟区主要气候因子与烤烟烟叶化学成分的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):13-16.
[12]赵志鹏,高致明,陈益银,等.海拔对烤烟叶片亚显微结构的影响[J].烟草科技,2010,43(4):54-58.
[13]薛琳,郭建,王丽萍,等.不同打顶时间和留叶数对云烟97产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):40-45.
[14]陈刚,周清明,杨姣弟,等.采收方式和成熟度对上部烟叶细胞结构及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):34-39.
[15]张晓远,毕庆文,汪健,等.变黄期温湿度及持续时间对上部烟叶呼吸速率和化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2009,42(6):56-59.
[16]国家烟草专卖局.烤烟:GB 2635-1992[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[17]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科技出版社,1990.
[18]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]阎克玉,王海燕,李兴波,等.烤烟国家标准(40级)河南烟叶叶片厚度,叶质重及叶片密度研究[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),1999,14(2):45-50.
[20]林中麟,石健林,周益.烟草打顶研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(6):32-36.
[21]杨怀玉,李春俭.顶端调控对烤烟生长、主要矿质养分吸收和分配特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(9):1846-1852.
[22]洪丽芳,付丽波,赵宗胜,等.烤烟钾素库源关系生理调控措施研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):404-409.
[23]王瑞新,齐群纲,韩锦峰.烟草生物碱的生物合成与代谢[J].河南农业大学学报,1988,22(1):65-77.
[24]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[25]于建军.卷烟工艺学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[26]班国相,李朝阳,冉贤传,等.打叶留茎对烤烟顶叶品质及中部化叶比例的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):47-49.
[27]代晓燕,苏以荣,陈风雷,等.顶端调控措施对烤烟生长、内源激素及氮钾累积的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(8):234-240.
[28]王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[2]徐增汉,王能如,王东胜,等.半晾半烤法提高烤烟上部叶可用性的研究[J].浙江农业科学,2003,44(5):259-261.
[3]宫长荣,李巍,司辉,等.下部烟叶采收时间对上部叶生理生化变化及烤后质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2003,36(9):36-38.
[4]郭群召,刘卫群,陈良存,等.降低烤烟上部叶烟碱含量的综合措施[J].耕作与栽培,2004(1):58-59.
[5]CLAUSSEN M,LüTHE H,BLATT M,et al.Auxin-induced growth and its linkage to potassium channels[J].Planta,1997,201(2):227-234.
[6]KESSLER A,BALDWIN I T.Plant responses to insect herbivory:the emerging molecular analysis[J].Annu Rev Plant Biol,2002,53(1):299-328.
[7]宫长荣,刘霞,宋朝鹏,等.影响烤烟上部叶质量的因素及提高其可用性的措施[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):103-108.
[8]郭东海,朱列书,宋正熊,等.不同打顶方式对烤烟上部叶化学成分的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):83-85.
[9]兰金隆,蓝周焕,赖荣泉,等.不同打顶时期和驳枝方法对烤烟品种“K326”上部叶可用性影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):265-271.
[10]陈宜军,齐绍武,夏凯,等.不同时间二次打顶对烤烟上部叶生物量和钾含量的影响[J].作物研究,2007,21(S1):746-747.
[11]时鹏,申国明,向德恩,等.恩施烟区主要气候因子与烤烟烟叶化学成分的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):13-16.
[12]赵志鹏,高致明,陈益银,等.海拔对烤烟叶片亚显微结构的影响[J].烟草科技,2010,43(4):54-58.
[13]薛琳,郭建,王丽萍,等.不同打顶时间和留叶数对云烟97产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):40-45.
[14]陈刚,周清明,杨姣弟,等.采收方式和成熟度对上部烟叶细胞结构及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):34-39.
[15]张晓远,毕庆文,汪健,等.变黄期温湿度及持续时间对上部烟叶呼吸速率和化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2009,42(6):56-59.
[16]国家烟草专卖局.烤烟:GB 2635-1992[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[17]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科技出版社,1990.
[18]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]阎克玉,王海燕,李兴波,等.烤烟国家标准(40级)河南烟叶叶片厚度,叶质重及叶片密度研究[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),1999,14(2):45-50.
[20]林中麟,石健林,周益.烟草打顶研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(6):32-36.
[21]杨怀玉,李春俭.顶端调控对烤烟生长、主要矿质养分吸收和分配特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(9):1846-1852.
[22]洪丽芳,付丽波,赵宗胜,等.烤烟钾素库源关系生理调控措施研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):404-409.
[23]王瑞新,齐群纲,韩锦峰.烟草生物碱的生物合成与代谢[J].河南农业大学学报,1988,22(1):65-77.
[24]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[25]于建军.卷烟工艺学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[26]班国相,李朝阳,冉贤传,等.打叶留茎对烤烟顶叶品质及中部化叶比例的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(12):47-49.
[27]代晓燕,苏以荣,陈风雷,等.顶端调控措施对烤烟生长、内源激素及氮钾累积的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(8):234-240.
[28]王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.