水下微生态系统构建及水体净化模拟研究
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摘要
在模拟试验条件下,选用水生植物轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、细叶蜈蚣草(Egeria najas)、长叶九冠(Echinodorus uruguayensis)和水生动物方形环棱螺(Bellamya quadrata)、锯齿新米虾(Neocaridina denticulata)组合构建稳定的水下微生态系统,探讨不同水生植物配置模式下各系统对污染水体的净化效果。结果表明:所用水生植物在中度营养底泥和劣Ⅴ类水体中正常生长且成活率达到100%,水生动植物组合系统稳定后以营养盐为主的水质指标值有所下降;净化效果最好的是3号系统(以苦草为主),各处理组系统对水体DO和p H都有显著的促进作用(p<0.05);对氮素营养(TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N)和TP表现出较强的去除能力(p<0.05),试验最终3号系统对TN去除率达78.29%,对TP的去除率达到92.63%;和对TP的去除一样,整个试验过程中系统对COD_(Cr)去除率一直是3号>2号>1号>0号系统,3号系统对COD_(Cr)的最终去除率为82.03%。综上,以水生植物为主导,与水生动物形成组合且采用不同的配置模式构成稳定水生态系统符合生态演替式水体修复理念,是水体生态修复技术集成和发展的方向。
In order to explore the effect of each system on the purification of polluted water in different aquatic plants configuration modes,Hydrilla verticillata,Vallisneria natans,Ceratophyllum demersum,Egeria najas,Echinodorus uruguayensis and Bellamya quadrata,Neocaridina denticulata are selected to construct a stable underwater micro-ecological system under the conditions of simulated experiment.The results show that the aquatic plants had normal growth and survival rate of 100%,and the water quality indexes mainly decreases after the combination of aquatic animals and plants system is stable.The purification effect of 3#system(mainly Vallisneria natans)is best in polluted water.The treatment systems significantly promote the DO and p H of water body(p<0.05),and showe strong removal of nitrogen(TN,NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,NO_2~--N)and phosphorus(TP)(p<0.05).The removal rate of TN and TP are 78.29%and 92.63%,respectively.The removal rate of TP and COD_(Cr)is always the 3#>2#>1#>0#system,and the final removal rate of COD_(Cr)in 3#system is 82.03%.In conclusion,the combination of aquatic plants and aquatic animals and the use of different configuration modes to form stable aquatic ecosystems are consistent with the concept of ecological succession-type water restoration,which is the direction of the integration and development of ecological restoration technology.
In order to explore the effect of each system on the purification of polluted water in different aquatic plants configuration modes,Hydrilla verticillata,Vallisneria natans,Ceratophyllum demersum,Egeria najas,Echinodorus uruguayensis and Bellamya quadrata,Neocaridina denticulata are selected to construct a stable underwater micro-ecological system under the conditions of simulated experiment.The results show that the aquatic plants had normal growth and survival rate of 100%,and the water quality indexes mainly decreases after the combination of aquatic animals and plants system is stable.The purification effect of 3#system(mainly Vallisneria natans)is best in polluted water.The treatment systems significantly promote the DO and p H of water body(p<0.05),and showe strong removal of nitrogen(TN,NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,NO_2~--N)and phosphorus(TP)(p<0.05).The removal rate of TN and TP are 78.29%and 92.63%,respectively.The removal rate of TP and COD_(Cr)is always the 3#>2#>1#>0#system,and the final removal rate of COD_(Cr)in 3#system is 82.03%.In conclusion,the combination of aquatic plants and aquatic animals and the use of different configuration modes to form stable aquatic ecosystems are consistent with the concept of ecological succession-type water restoration,which is the direction of the integration and development of ecological restoration technology.
引文
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[20]高岩,张芳,刘新红,等.漂浮水生植物对富营养化水体中N2O产生及输移过程的调节作用[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):925-933.
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[24]李玥.复合人工湿地磷去除效果及过程分析研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[25]伏彩中,肖瑜,高士祥.模拟水生生态系统中沉水植物对水体营养物质消减的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(10):753-756.
[26]XUE P,LI G,LIU W,et al.Copper uptake and translocation in a submerged aquatic plant Hydrillaverticillata(Lf)Royle[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(9):1098-1103.
[27]李淑英,周元清,胡承,等.水生植物组合后根际微生物及水净化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(3):148-153.
[2]王晓琴,杨梅,陈雷.生物修复技术在黑臭河道治理中的应用[J].资源节约与环保,2017(4):73-74.
[3]LU X M,HUANG M S.Nitrogen and phosphorus removal and physiological response in aquatic plants under aeration conditions[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2010,7(4):665-674.
[4]王妹,杜兴华,靳坤,等.不同搭配比例的水生植物与底栖生物对湖滨湿地水质净化效果的研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(8):70-73.
[5]高月香,陈桐,张毅敏,等.不同生物联合净化富营养化水体的效果[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3555-3563.
[6]周雪,李兆欣,黄炳彬,等.基于水生生物调控的再生水生态稳定性分析[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):176-182.
[7]向速林,朱梦圆,朱广伟,等.太湖东部湖湾水生植物生长区底泥氮磷污染特征[J].沉积学报,2014,32(6):1083-1088.
[8]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.中国环境科学出版社,2002:210-220,243-285.
[9]袁旭音,许乃政,陶于祥,等.太湖底泥的空间分布和富营养化特征[J].资源调查与环境,2003,24(1):20-28.
[10]杨皓,胡继伟,黄先飞,等.喀斯特地区金刺梨种植基地土壤肥力研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):50-55.
[11]赵瑞,胡芳,姚玲爱,等.高州水库底泥磷吸附与解吸模拟研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(2):115-119.
[12]HILT S,GROSS E M.Canallelopathically active submerged macrophytesstabilise clear-water states in shallow lakes[J].Basic&Applied Ecology,2008,9(4):422-432.
[13]谈冰畅,蔡永久,安苗,等.着生藻碳氮计量特征对铜锈环棱螺生长的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(1):35-40.
[14]张之浩,李威,吴晓芙.6种沉水植物对富营养化水体化感抑藻效果研究[J].湘潭大学自科学报,2017,39(2):55-60.
[15]赵建成,杨扬,钟胜强,等.沉水植物水槽对农村水体净化效果与机制的模拟[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(6):1274-1282.
[16]周露洪,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.不同密度螺-草结构对养殖尾水净化效果的比较研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(2):173-178.
[17]周晓红,王国祥,冯冰冰,等.3种景观植物对城市污染河道水体的净化效果[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(1):108-113.
[18]相晨,卢剑波,刘芳,等.水生植物对富营养化水体净化效果的初步研究[J].环境科学导刊,2016,35(5):32-37.
[19]吴振斌,徐光来,周培疆,等.复合垂直流人工湿地对不同氮污水的净化[J].环境科学与技术,2004(S1):30-32+54.
[20]高岩,张芳,刘新红,等.漂浮水生植物对富营养化水体中N2O产生及输移过程的调节作用[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):925-933.
[21]GAO Y,LIU X,YI N,et al.Estimation of N2,and N2O ebullition from eutrophic water using an improved bubble trap device[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,57(8):403-412.
[22]NAYAR S,COLLINGS G J,MILLER D J,et al.Uptake and resource allocation of ammonium and nitrate in temperate seagrasses Posidoniaand Amphibolis[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(9):1502-1511.
[23]SYRETT P J.Nitrogen metabolism of microalgae[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1981,67(210):182-210.
[24]李玥.复合人工湿地磷去除效果及过程分析研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[25]伏彩中,肖瑜,高士祥.模拟水生生态系统中沉水植物对水体营养物质消减的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(10):753-756.
[26]XUE P,LI G,LIU W,et al.Copper uptake and translocation in a submerged aquatic plant Hydrillaverticillata(Lf)Royle[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(9):1098-1103.
[27]李淑英,周元清,胡承,等.水生植物组合后根际微生物及水净化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(3):148-153.