博落回中绿霉病抑菌物质的提取工艺及抑菌稳定性研究
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摘要
探讨植物源保鲜剂(博落回提取物)对柑橘果实采后病原菌的抑菌活性影响。以湖南常德石门宽皮柑橘绿霉病原菌(指状青霉)和中药博落回为试材,以抑菌圈直径为衡量指标,对抑菌活性物质提取工艺条件及活性物质抑菌稳定性测定。试验结果表明,80%乙醇作为提取溶剂时,提取物具有较强抑菌效果;最佳提取工艺条件:料液比1∶27.5(g/mL)、超声提取时间2.5 h、提取温度72.5℃、超声功率850 W的条件下,提取物具有较强抑菌效果,抑菌圈直径达30.0 mm以上,相对于其它条件下的提取物,其抑菌能力有了很大的提高。紫外光照射48 h以上、偏碱性环境、Ag~+、Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)金属离子对提取物活性均产生一定的负作用,抑菌圈直径降低了20%以上;在低于20℃下储存80 d左右对提取物活性的影响较小。
The effects of plant preservatives(Macleaya cordata extract) on the antimicrobial activity of postharvest pathogens in citrus fruits were discussed. Taking pathogenic fungi of green mold(penicillium digitatum)of citrus reticulate from shimen,changde,hunan and Chinese herbal medicine Macleaya cordata as test materials and bacteriostatic circle diameter as measurement index,the extraction conditions of antibacterial active substances and the antimicrobial stability of active substances were determined. The results showed that the extracts had strong bacteriostatic activity when 80 % ethanol was used as extraction solvent,the optimum extraction process conditions were as follows:the ratio of material to liquid was 1 ∶ 27.5(g/mL),ultrasonic extraction time was 2.5 h,extraction temperature was 72.5 ℃,ultrasonic power was 850 W. Under these conditions,the diameter of bacteriostatic circle was more than 30 mm,its bacteriostatic ability had been greatly improved compared with the extracts under other conditions. Ultraviolet irradiation for more than 48 h,alkaline environment,and Ag~+,Fe~(3+),Cu~(2+) metal ions,all of them had certain negative effects on the activity of extracts,the diameter of bacteriostatic ring was reduced by more than 20 %. Storage for about 80 days at less than 20 ℃had little effect on the activity of the extract.
The effects of plant preservatives(Macleaya cordata extract) on the antimicrobial activity of postharvest pathogens in citrus fruits were discussed. Taking pathogenic fungi of green mold(penicillium digitatum)of citrus reticulate from shimen,changde,hunan and Chinese herbal medicine Macleaya cordata as test materials and bacteriostatic circle diameter as measurement index,the extraction conditions of antibacterial active substances and the antimicrobial stability of active substances were determined. The results showed that the extracts had strong bacteriostatic activity when 80 % ethanol was used as extraction solvent,the optimum extraction process conditions were as follows:the ratio of material to liquid was 1 ∶ 27.5(g/mL),ultrasonic extraction time was 2.5 h,extraction temperature was 72.5 ℃,ultrasonic power was 850 W. Under these conditions,the diameter of bacteriostatic circle was more than 30 mm,its bacteriostatic ability had been greatly improved compared with the extracts under other conditions. Ultraviolet irradiation for more than 48 h,alkaline environment,and Ag~+,Fe~(3+),Cu~(2+) metal ions,all of them had certain negative effects on the activity of extracts,the diameter of bacteriostatic ring was reduced by more than 20 %. Storage for about 80 days at less than 20 ℃had little effect on the activity of the extract.
引文
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[23]张强,胡维岗,金新文.壳聚糖-蒲公英提取物的抑菌活性与稳定性研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(20):150-154
[24]赵磊,林文轩,迟茜,等.甜叶菊废渣提取物抑菌活性及抑菌稳定性研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(24):168-172
[2]刘琨毅,王琪,郑佳,等.不同柑橘品种对柑橘果酒香气成分的影响[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(10):275-279
[3]Holmes G J,Eckert J W.Sensitivity of Penicillium digitatum and P.italicum to Postharvest Citrus Fungicides in California[J].Phytopathology,1999,89(9):716-721
[4]Marcethouben M,Ballester A R,Fuente B D L,et al.Genome sequence of the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum,the main postharvest pathogen of citrus[J].Bmc Genomics,2012,13(1):646
[5]凡凤.几种挥发性芳香物质对采后柑橘绿霉的作用[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2014:1-2
[6]Palou L,Smilanick J L,Montesinos-Herrero C,et al.Novel approaches for postharvest preservation of fresh citrus fruits[M].Citrus Fruits:Properties,Consumption and Nutrition,2011:1-45
[7]Juttuporn W,Thiengkaew P,Rodklongtan A,et al.Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Phenolic Compounds from Steam-Exploded Sugarcane Bagasse[J].Sugar Tech,2018,20(5):1-10
[8]Borges A,Ferreira C,Saavedra M J,et al.Antibacterial activity and mode of action of ferulic and gallic acids against pathogenic bacteria[J].Microbial Drug Resistance,2013,19(4):256-265
[9]Poomanee W,Chaiyana W,Mueller M,et al.In-vitro investigation of anti-acne properties of Mangifera indica L.kernel extract and its mechanism of action against Propionibacterium acnes[J].Anaerobe,2018,52:64-66
[10]刘秀斌.博落回属植物中生物碱代谢累积研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012:1-2
[11]杨鹏.基于质谱示踪法挖掘博落回中化学成分[D].长沙:湖南中医药大学,2017:1-5
[12]徐效华,刘秀峰,李树正,等.博落回植物有效成分与杀菌活性[C].杭州:中国植物化感作用学术研讨会暨中国植物保护学会植物化感作用专业委员会成立大会,2005
[13]戴素明,曾建国,程辟,等.两种药用植物提取物对柑橘保鲜的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自科版),2012,38(6):623-625
[14]戴素明.博落回和虎杖提取物保鲜冰糖橙效果好[J].农家顾问,2013(5):33-33
[15]余敏,黄晶晶,付瑞燕,等.响应曲面法优化酶解豆粕蛋白制备降糖肽的工艺[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(6):108-113
[16]Bacon K,Boyer R,Denbow C,et al.Evaluation of different solvents to extract antibacterial compounds from jalape觡o peppers[J].Food Science&Nutrition,2017,5(3):497-503
[17]Nam S Y.Changes in Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Schizandra chinensis Baillon under Different Solvent Extraction[J].Journal of the Korean Society of I nternational Agriculture,2014,26(4):513-518
[18]Tham M W,Kang C L.Influence of different extraction temperatures and methanol solvent percentages on the total phenols and total flavonoids from the heartwood and bark of Acacia auriculiformis[J].European Journal of Wood&Wood Products,2014,72(1):67-72
[19]Lou C W,Lin M C,Lu C T,et al.Manufacturing Technique and Bacteriostatic Property Evaluation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Fibrous Membrane[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013,457/458:371-374
[20]Toma M,Vinatoru M,Paniwnyk L,et al.Investigation of the effects of ultrasound on vegetal tissues during solvent extraction[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2001,8(2):137-142
[21]杨丹,郝再彬,胡淑田,等.光照对芦丁稳定性及抑菌活性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011(2):223-226
[22]Puttarak P,Charoonratana T,Panichayupakaranant P.Antimicrobial activity and Stableility of rhinacanthins-rich Rhinacanthus nasutus extract[J].Phytomedicine,2010,17(5):323-327
[23]张强,胡维岗,金新文.壳聚糖-蒲公英提取物的抑菌活性与稳定性研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(20):150-154
[24]赵磊,林文轩,迟茜,等.甜叶菊废渣提取物抑菌活性及抑菌稳定性研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(24):168-172