采收及加工方法对金边蚂蟥抗凝血酶活性影响的研究
|
摘要
研究了采收及不同加工方法对金边蚂蟥抗凝血酶活性的影响规律。分别设置了6种加工方法,4个部位和5个体重等级,采用凝血酶直接滴定法分别对各处理样品进行抗凝血酶活性测定。结果表明,在加工方法中,金边蚂蟥鲜品经冷冻干燥处理后其抗凝血酶活性最高,达1 303.56 U·g~(-1),而90℃烘干样品最低,为15.44 U·g~(-1);在不同部位中,金边蚂蟥头部的抗凝血酶活性最高,为226.42 U·g~(-1),尾部仅为102.12 U·g~(-1);在不同体重级别中,金边蚂蟥体重≤10 g时,抗凝血酶活性最高,为328.86 U·g~(-1),体重≥40 g时,抗凝血酶活性最低,为87.71 U·g~(-1)。综上所述,采收及不同加工方法对金边蚂蟥抗凝血酶活性均有显著性影响。在金边蚂蟥加工中应该选取体质量在20~30 g的金边蚂蟥,优先选用超低温冷冻干燥方法进行干燥,其次选用晒干方法进行干燥。
The effects of harvest and different processing methods on the anti-thrombin activity of Poecilobdella manillensis were respectively studied. The indicators included processing methods( vacuum freeze drying,fresh homogenate,drying under sunlight,freezing,scalding,baking under different temperatures),different parts( entire body,cephalon,pygidium,exudate) and body weights( ≤10,10-20,20-30,30-40,≥40 g). The anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis with different processing methods were evaluated by direct anti-thrombin titration. The results indicated that the processing methods significantly affected the anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis. Among the 11 groups,the anti-thrombin activity of P. manillensis processed with vacuum freeze drying( 1 303. 56 U·g~(-1)) was significantly highest than the other groups( P < 0. 05),and that processed with baking under 90 ℃( 15. 44 U·g~(-1)) was the lowest. The anti-thrombin activity of the cephalon of P. manillensis( 226. 42 U·g~(-1)) was the highest,and that of the pygidium( 102. 12 U·g~(-1)) was lowest; the anti-thrombin activities for different body weights were significantly different( P < 0. 05); and among the five groups,the body weight of ≤10 g( 328. 86 U · g~(-1)) was the highest( P < 0. 05),and the body weight of ≥40 g( 87. 71 U·g~(-1)) was the lowest. In conclusion,harvest and different processing methods had a significant impact on the anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis. In the study,for the optimal processing method for P. manillensis,the body weight between 20-30 g is recommended,and the vacuum freeze drying is preferred,which is followed by the drying under sunlight.
The effects of harvest and different processing methods on the anti-thrombin activity of Poecilobdella manillensis were respectively studied. The indicators included processing methods( vacuum freeze drying,fresh homogenate,drying under sunlight,freezing,scalding,baking under different temperatures),different parts( entire body,cephalon,pygidium,exudate) and body weights( ≤10,10-20,20-30,30-40,≥40 g). The anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis with different processing methods were evaluated by direct anti-thrombin titration. The results indicated that the processing methods significantly affected the anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis. Among the 11 groups,the anti-thrombin activity of P. manillensis processed with vacuum freeze drying( 1 303. 56 U·g~(-1)) was significantly highest than the other groups( P < 0. 05),and that processed with baking under 90 ℃( 15. 44 U·g~(-1)) was the lowest. The anti-thrombin activity of the cephalon of P. manillensis( 226. 42 U·g~(-1)) was the highest,and that of the pygidium( 102. 12 U·g~(-1)) was lowest; the anti-thrombin activities for different body weights were significantly different( P < 0. 05); and among the five groups,the body weight of ≤10 g( 328. 86 U · g~(-1)) was the highest( P < 0. 05),and the body weight of ≥40 g( 87. 71 U·g~(-1)) was the lowest. In conclusion,harvest and different processing methods had a significant impact on the anti-thrombin activities of P. manillensis. In the study,for the optimal processing method for P. manillensis,the body weight between 20-30 g is recommended,and the vacuum freeze drying is preferred,which is followed by the drying under sunlight.
引文
[1]Johnson D J D,Li W,Huntington J A,et al.An-tithrombin-S195A factor Xa-heparin structure re-veals the allosteric mechanism of antithrombin activation[J].EMBO J,2006,25(9):2029.
[2]晁叶青,张士璀.抗凝血酶的结构、功能、表达和演化[J].海洋科学,2008,32(7):71.
[3]孟凡国,史红专,王嘉,等.蚂蟥与梨形环棱螺营养成分的相关性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(12):1915.
[4]程搏幸,刘飞,郭巧生,等.温度、密度、喂食周期对菲牛蛭育苗影响的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(6):1071.
[5]刘宏,郭巧生,史红专,等.蚂蟥不同月龄口器组织学及组织化学研究[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(12):2258.
[6]史红专,刘飞,郭巧生.温度对蚂蟥生长及摄食规律影响的初步研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(23):1944.
[7]Liu F,Shi H Z,Guo Q S,et al.Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the analysis of genetic diversity in Whitmania pigra[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2013,51:207.
[8]Liu F,Guo Q S,Shi H Z,et al.Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among and within populations of Whitmania pigra and Hirudo nipponica based on ISSR and SRAP marker[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2013,51:215.
[9]刘飞,郭巧生,史红专,等.蚂蟥和水蛭种间遗传变异和系统关系的ITS序列分析[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(4):414.
[10]Liu F,Cheng B X,Guo Q S,et al.Effects of indigowoad root(Radix Isatidis)on the immune responses and HSP70 gene expression of medicinal leeches(Poecilobdella manillensis)under Proteus mirabilis infection[J].Aquacultrue,2016,454:44.
[11]Liu F,Guo Q S,Shi H Z,et al.Genetic variation in Whitmania pigra,Hirudo nipponica and Poecilobdella manillensis,three endemic and endangered species in China using SSR and TRAP markers[J].Gene,2016,579:172.
[12]中国药典.四部[S].2015.
[13]陈林伟,秦昆明,朱艳汇,等.中药材产地加工的研究现状及展望[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(4):602.
[14]龙全江.论中药材采收与产地加工技术的研究与教育[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2011,18(11):3.
[15]梁迎暖,郭巧生,张重义,等.不同加工方法对怀菊品质的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(21):2314.
[16]董娟娥,龚明贵,梁宗锁,等.干燥方法和提取温度对板蓝根、大青叶有效成分的影响[J].中草药,2008,39(1):111.
[17]吴俊华.凝血酶抑制剂研究进展[J].生命科学仪器,2006,4(5):3.
[18]张汉贞,聂诗明,张丽萍,等.不同食性的水蛭抗凝血酶活性的比较[J].中药材,1998,21(12):599.
[19]吴志军,张灵霞,于立华.四种不同品种水蛭生物活性的研究与比较[J].中成药,2006,28(2):232.
[20]关世侠,袁中文,周郁斌,等.不同品种水蛭抗凝抗血栓作用的比较[J].中国医院药学杂志,2012,32(14):1093.
[21]欧兴长,张秋海,丁家欣,等.四种水蛭抗凝血酶作用的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1996,8(2):54.
[22]汪文茉,张秋海,欧兴长.水蛭头、尾抗凝活性的比较及晾干后对活性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(3):176.
[23]吴志军,于立华.菲牛蛭及其制品的抗血栓、溶血栓作用[J].中成药,2007,29(4):591.
[24]杨潼.中国动物志·环节动物门蛭纲[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:16.
[25]杨潼.吸血水蛭化学感受器的特异性[J].生物学通报,2001,36(12):8.
[26]田丽华,刘娟,刘利成.水蛭素的提取及含量测定[J].黑龙江医药科学,2010,33(4):87.
[27]段超,刘娟.仿生诱导高效提取水蛭素及分离纯化的研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2008,31(3):40.
[28]宾冬梅,钟福生,刘军,等.蛇毒的采集与利用[J].蛇志,2004,16(4):44.
[29]严昌国,张敏,金贵兰,等.蜂胶制剂对人工取胆熊胆汁产量及品质的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(11):56.
[30]郑贵花,孙明梅,刘利,等.麦饭石复合添加剂对熊胆粉质量与产量的影响[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2007,28(9):7.
[31]付绍智,蒋用福.药材商品品别、规格与等级标准的探讨[J].中国现代中药,2008,10(8):12.
[32]杨光,曾燕,郭兰萍,等.中药材商品规格等级标准研究现状及几个关键问题的商榷[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(9):1733.
[33]Fritz M.The development of hirudin as antithrombotic drug[J].Thromb Res,1994,74(1):1.
[34]周维官,周维海,关建聪,等.菲牛蛭的研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2010,26(1):74.
[35]曲敬来,韩正雪,陈生.日本医蛭的研究近况[J].中国中医药科技,2000,7(4):272.
[36]冯旭,孔维军,杨美华,等.菲牛蛭的药理作用及其机制研究进展[J].中南药学,2013,11(10):750.
[37]潘雪,严亚萍,林亚明.菲牛蛭近20年的研究进展[J].中西医结合研究,2015,7(4):216.
[38]来复根,金永昌.中药水蛭原动物的本草学考证[J].现代应用药学,1988,5(1):14.
[39]曹静,赵文静,旺建伟,等.水蛭的本草考证及现代研究[J].中医药信息,2015,32(4):122.
[40]张卫,张瑞贤,李健,等.中药水蛭品种考证及资源可持续利用发展探讨[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(6):914.
[41]李诚.水蛭资源稀缺现象和原因分析[C].昆明:濒危中药资源保护利用战略研讨会,2000.
[42]郭巧生.水蛭的野生资源保护与人工养殖[J].中药研究与信息,2001,3(2):23.
[43]陈士林,苏钢强,周健强,等.中国中药资源可持续发展体系构建[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(15):1141.
[2]晁叶青,张士璀.抗凝血酶的结构、功能、表达和演化[J].海洋科学,2008,32(7):71.
[3]孟凡国,史红专,王嘉,等.蚂蟥与梨形环棱螺营养成分的相关性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(12):1915.
[4]程搏幸,刘飞,郭巧生,等.温度、密度、喂食周期对菲牛蛭育苗影响的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(6):1071.
[5]刘宏,郭巧生,史红专,等.蚂蟥不同月龄口器组织学及组织化学研究[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(12):2258.
[6]史红专,刘飞,郭巧生.温度对蚂蟥生长及摄食规律影响的初步研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(23):1944.
[7]Liu F,Shi H Z,Guo Q S,et al.Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the analysis of genetic diversity in Whitmania pigra[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2013,51:207.
[8]Liu F,Guo Q S,Shi H Z,et al.Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among and within populations of Whitmania pigra and Hirudo nipponica based on ISSR and SRAP marker[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2013,51:215.
[9]刘飞,郭巧生,史红专,等.蚂蟥和水蛭种间遗传变异和系统关系的ITS序列分析[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(4):414.
[10]Liu F,Cheng B X,Guo Q S,et al.Effects of indigowoad root(Radix Isatidis)on the immune responses and HSP70 gene expression of medicinal leeches(Poecilobdella manillensis)under Proteus mirabilis infection[J].Aquacultrue,2016,454:44.
[11]Liu F,Guo Q S,Shi H Z,et al.Genetic variation in Whitmania pigra,Hirudo nipponica and Poecilobdella manillensis,three endemic and endangered species in China using SSR and TRAP markers[J].Gene,2016,579:172.
[12]中国药典.四部[S].2015.
[13]陈林伟,秦昆明,朱艳汇,等.中药材产地加工的研究现状及展望[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(4):602.
[14]龙全江.论中药材采收与产地加工技术的研究与教育[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2011,18(11):3.
[15]梁迎暖,郭巧生,张重义,等.不同加工方法对怀菊品质的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(21):2314.
[16]董娟娥,龚明贵,梁宗锁,等.干燥方法和提取温度对板蓝根、大青叶有效成分的影响[J].中草药,2008,39(1):111.
[17]吴俊华.凝血酶抑制剂研究进展[J].生命科学仪器,2006,4(5):3.
[18]张汉贞,聂诗明,张丽萍,等.不同食性的水蛭抗凝血酶活性的比较[J].中药材,1998,21(12):599.
[19]吴志军,张灵霞,于立华.四种不同品种水蛭生物活性的研究与比较[J].中成药,2006,28(2):232.
[20]关世侠,袁中文,周郁斌,等.不同品种水蛭抗凝抗血栓作用的比较[J].中国医院药学杂志,2012,32(14):1093.
[21]欧兴长,张秋海,丁家欣,等.四种水蛭抗凝血酶作用的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1996,8(2):54.
[22]汪文茉,张秋海,欧兴长.水蛭头、尾抗凝活性的比较及晾干后对活性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(3):176.
[23]吴志军,于立华.菲牛蛭及其制品的抗血栓、溶血栓作用[J].中成药,2007,29(4):591.
[24]杨潼.中国动物志·环节动物门蛭纲[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:16.
[25]杨潼.吸血水蛭化学感受器的特异性[J].生物学通报,2001,36(12):8.
[26]田丽华,刘娟,刘利成.水蛭素的提取及含量测定[J].黑龙江医药科学,2010,33(4):87.
[27]段超,刘娟.仿生诱导高效提取水蛭素及分离纯化的研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2008,31(3):40.
[28]宾冬梅,钟福生,刘军,等.蛇毒的采集与利用[J].蛇志,2004,16(4):44.
[29]严昌国,张敏,金贵兰,等.蜂胶制剂对人工取胆熊胆汁产量及品质的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(11):56.
[30]郑贵花,孙明梅,刘利,等.麦饭石复合添加剂对熊胆粉质量与产量的影响[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2007,28(9):7.
[31]付绍智,蒋用福.药材商品品别、规格与等级标准的探讨[J].中国现代中药,2008,10(8):12.
[32]杨光,曾燕,郭兰萍,等.中药材商品规格等级标准研究现状及几个关键问题的商榷[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(9):1733.
[33]Fritz M.The development of hirudin as antithrombotic drug[J].Thromb Res,1994,74(1):1.
[34]周维官,周维海,关建聪,等.菲牛蛭的研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2010,26(1):74.
[35]曲敬来,韩正雪,陈生.日本医蛭的研究近况[J].中国中医药科技,2000,7(4):272.
[36]冯旭,孔维军,杨美华,等.菲牛蛭的药理作用及其机制研究进展[J].中南药学,2013,11(10):750.
[37]潘雪,严亚萍,林亚明.菲牛蛭近20年的研究进展[J].中西医结合研究,2015,7(4):216.
[38]来复根,金永昌.中药水蛭原动物的本草学考证[J].现代应用药学,1988,5(1):14.
[39]曹静,赵文静,旺建伟,等.水蛭的本草考证及现代研究[J].中医药信息,2015,32(4):122.
[40]张卫,张瑞贤,李健,等.中药水蛭品种考证及资源可持续利用发展探讨[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(6):914.
[41]李诚.水蛭资源稀缺现象和原因分析[C].昆明:濒危中药资源保护利用战略研讨会,2000.
[42]郭巧生.水蛭的野生资源保护与人工养殖[J].中药研究与信息,2001,3(2):23.
[43]陈士林,苏钢强,周健强,等.中国中药资源可持续发展体系构建[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(15):1141.