试验卫星激光反射器的设计和试验
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摘要
MS1和MS2试验星是我国首批设计寿命10年的中高轨导航卫星,为提高在轨精度和实现卫星精密定位,作为舱外有效载荷,两颗卫星均标配搭载了激光反射器。卫星激光反射器光学设计应考虑远场衍射等物理光学影响,不能仅考虑几何光学理论设计。以试验星反射器为例,基于角反射器光学远场衍射能量分布理论为基础,采用最大雷达截面法进行反射器尺寸优化,利用角度补偿法进行速差补偿角设计,对反射器表面加工精度、反射表面特性、切割方式等光学参数进行优化分析计算,并通过合理的机械结构和材料设计,解决了高量级力学环境、330℃高低温度交变、10年空间辐照寿命等环境适应性问题。试验星光学测试结果表明:参数设计合理,可实现远场环带能量在预定观测区域的最大化,在轨观测数据表明反射器工作正常,测距精度、测距范围等指标满足预期设计,理论设计和实践相符,这对今后同类激光反射器的设计具有借鉴和指导意义。
Lives of MS1 and MS2 are 10 years, they are first high orbit navigation satellites of China. In order to improve orbit accuracy and realize the precise positioning of satellites, the two satellites were equipped with laser retro-reflectors. For the optical design of laser retro-reflector, the far-field diffraction of physical and optical properties should be considered besides the design theory of geometrical optics.Taking the test satellite reflector as an example, based on the corner reflector optical far field diffraction energy distribution theory, the reflector size was optimized by using the maximum radar cross section method, the laser retro-reflector aberration was compensated by the angle compensation method, the optical parameters, such as the reflector surface machining accuracy, surface reflection characteristics,cutting mode were optimizated and analyzed, and environment adaptability problems, for example, the high level mechanical environment, 330 ℃ high temperature, alternating 10 years life space radiation,were solved through the rational design of the mechanical structure and materials. Optical test results show that the parameters are reasonable, can realize the far field energy maximization in predetermined observation area, at the same time, observation data on orbit shows that the reflector works properly,ranging accuracy, range of indicators meet the expected design and the theory is in according with practice,this provideds certain reference and guiding for the design of similar laser reflector in the future.
Lives of MS1 and MS2 are 10 years, they are first high orbit navigation satellites of China. In order to improve orbit accuracy and realize the precise positioning of satellites, the two satellites were equipped with laser retro-reflectors. For the optical design of laser retro-reflector, the far-field diffraction of physical and optical properties should be considered besides the design theory of geometrical optics.Taking the test satellite reflector as an example, based on the corner reflector optical far field diffraction energy distribution theory, the reflector size was optimized by using the maximum radar cross section method, the laser retro-reflector aberration was compensated by the angle compensation method, the optical parameters, such as the reflector surface machining accuracy, surface reflection characteristics,cutting mode were optimizated and analyzed, and environment adaptability problems, for example, the high level mechanical environment, 330 ℃ high temperature, alternating 10 years life space radiation,were solved through the rational design of the mechanical structure and materials. Optical test results show that the parameters are reasonable, can realize the far field energy maximization in predetermined observation area, at the same time, observation data on orbit shows that the reflector works properly,ranging accuracy, range of indicators meet the expected design and the theory is in according with practice,this provideds certain reference and guiding for the design of similar laser reflector in the future.
引文
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[10]Chen Liemin.Spacecraft Structures and Mechanisms[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2005:20-65.(in Chinese)陈烈民.航天器结构与机构[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005:20-65.
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[12]Zhou Hui,Li Song,Shi Yan,et al.Effect of polarization on the far-field diffraction of ideal cube corner retroreflector[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2004,33(4):418-422.(in Chinese)周辉,李松,石岩,等.偏振态对角锥棱镜远场衍射分布的影响[J].红外与激光工程,2004,33(4):418-422.
[2]Xing Meng,Zhong Qi,Chen Jingzhi,et al.Design of navigation constellation based on the principle of laser reflector ranging[C]//China Satellite Navigation Conference,2015.(in Chinese)邢猛,钟奇,陈景志,等.基于激光反射器测距原理的导航星座体制的设计[C]//中国卫星导航学术年会,2015.
[3]Zhao Gang.Studies on applications of SLR precise orbit determination in China′s satellite projects[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013:1-58.(in Chinese)赵罡.激光测距精密定轨在中国卫星工程中的应用[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013:1-58.
[4]Zhao Qunhe,Wang Xiaoya,He Bing,et al.Probability model of center-of-mass calibration of satellites′retroreflectors used for laser ranging[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(4):370-376.(in Chinese)赵群河,王小亚,何冰,等.卫星激光反射器质心改正的概率模型[J].测绘学报,2015,44(4):370-376.
[5]Zhong Shengyuan,Li Changzhen,Chen Nianjiang,et al.Study of the laser retro-reflector on navigation satellities[J].Laser&Infrared,2011,41(8):834-839.(in Chinese)钟声远,李长桢,陈念江,等.导航卫星激光后向反射器研究[J].激光与红外,2011,41(8):834-839.
[6]Jiao Zhongke,Yue Yongjian,Liu Bo.Theoretical calculations of cube corner retro-reflector[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2015,35(S1):0123001.(in Chinese)焦仲科,岳永坚,刘博.角反射器的理论计算[J].光学学报,2015,35(S1):0123001.
[7]International Laser Ranging Service(ILRS),List of Supported Missions[EB/OL].2018.01.15.https://ilrs.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_missions.
[8]Luo Qingshan,Guo Tangyong,Zou Tong,et al.Theoretical analysis of laser retro-reflectors and experiment of laser ranging for HY-2 satellites[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2017,46(11):1106003.(in Chinese)罗青山,郭唐永,邹彤,等.HY-2卫星激光反射器理论分析及激光测距实验[J].红外与激光工程,2017,46(11):1106003.
[9]Fan Jianxing.Research on design and distribution effects of satellite laser ret ro-reflectors[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2000.(in Chinese)范建兴.卫星激光反射器的设计和分布效应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2000.
[10]Chen Liemin.Spacecraft Structures and Mechanisms[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2005:20-65.(in Chinese)陈烈民.航天器结构与机构[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005:20-65.
[11]Min Guirong,Guo Shun.Spacecraft Thermal Control[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:90-132.(in Chinese)闵桂荣,郭舜.航天器热控制[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:90-132.
[12]Zhou Hui,Li Song,Shi Yan,et al.Effect of polarization on the far-field diffraction of ideal cube corner retroreflector[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2004,33(4):418-422.(in Chinese)周辉,李松,石岩,等.偏振态对角锥棱镜远场衍射分布的影响[J].红外与激光工程,2004,33(4):418-422.