冻土区埋地油气管道管沟融陷机理
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摘要
为了治理冻土区埋地油气管道管沟融陷工程病害,通过对管道病害现场调查,结合现场地质勘探、含水量试验测试及管周土体温度监测,分析了融陷病害的发生机理,并结合管沟融陷形成因素,提出了相应的防治措施。结果表明:冻土区埋地油气管道管沟融陷病害的发生与地层土质、土体含冰量、冻土类型、管道热扰动及施工方式等因素有关;冻土区埋地油气管道的敷设应选择合理的施工季节,综合分析冻土环境因素,确定合理的管道埋设深度,设置管道隔热保温措施,加强管道运行状态监测和科学管理,从而保证管道安全运行。研究成果可为冻土区埋地油气管道的设计、施工及安全运营提供借鉴。(图3,表1,参19)
In order to deal with the pipe-trench thaw collapse of buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions, the mechanism of thaw collapse was analyzed by conducting field investigation on pipeline disease, combined with field geological exploration, water content test and temperature monitoring of soil around the pipeline. Then, the treatment measures were put forward correspondingly based on the factors involved in the formation of pipe-trench thaw collapse. It is indicated that the pipe-trench thaw collapse of buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions is related to the properties of soil, the ice content of soil, the type of permafrost, the thermal disturbance of pipeline and the construction method. As for the laying of the buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions, it is necessary to choose the reasonable construction season and analyze the permafrost environment factors comprehensively. What's more, it is recommended to determine the buried depth of pipeline reasonably, take the measures of pipe insulation and strengthen the monitoring of pipeline operation state and the scientific management so as to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. The research results provide the reference for the design,construction and safe operation of buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions.(3 Figures, 1 Table, 19 References)
In order to deal with the pipe-trench thaw collapse of buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions, the mechanism of thaw collapse was analyzed by conducting field investigation on pipeline disease, combined with field geological exploration, water content test and temperature monitoring of soil around the pipeline. Then, the treatment measures were put forward correspondingly based on the factors involved in the formation of pipe-trench thaw collapse. It is indicated that the pipe-trench thaw collapse of buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions is related to the properties of soil, the ice content of soil, the type of permafrost, the thermal disturbance of pipeline and the construction method. As for the laying of the buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions, it is necessary to choose the reasonable construction season and analyze the permafrost environment factors comprehensively. What's more, it is recommended to determine the buried depth of pipeline reasonably, take the measures of pipe insulation and strengthen the monitoring of pipeline operation state and the scientific management so as to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. The research results provide the reference for the design,construction and safe operation of buried oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions.(3 Figures, 1 Table, 19 References)
引文
[1]金会军,喻文兵,高小飞,等.冻土区输油管道工程基础稳定性研究[J].油气储运,2006,25(2):13-18.JIN H J,YU W B,GAO X F,et al.Stability of engineering foundations of oil pipelines in permafrost regions:a review[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2006,25(2):13-18.
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[3]胡渊,徐震,汪鹏飞,等.冻土区输气管道周围土体冻胀融沉研究[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(4):1035-1042.HU Y,XU Z,WANG P F,et al.Field monitoring for frostheaving and thawing-settlement of soil around gas pipelines in permafrost region[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2018,26(4):1035-1042.
[4]吕兰芝,金会军,常晓丽,等.中俄原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)沿线气温、地表和浅层地温年际变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(4):794-802.LYU L Z,JIN H J,CHANG X L,et al.Interannual variations of the air temperature,surface temperature and shallow ground temperature along the China-Russia crude oil pipeline[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(4):794-802.
[5]杨思忠,金会军,于少鹏,等.中俄输油管道(漠河-大庆段)主要冻土环境问题探析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(2):358-366.YANG S Z,JIN H J,YU S P,et al.An investigation into the permafrost environment along the Chinese-Russian Oil Pipeline Route from Mohe to Daqing[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(2):358-366.
[6]JIN H J,HAO J Q,CHANG X L,et al.Zonation and assessment of frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the China-Russia crude oil pipeline route from Mohe to Daqing,Northeastern China[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):213-225.
[7]LI G Y,SHENG Y,JIN H J,et al.Development of freezingthawing processes of foundation soils surrounding the ChinaRussia crude oil pipeline under climate change[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):226-234.
[8]HE R X,JIN H J.Permafrost and cold-region environmental problems of the oil product pipeline from Golmud to Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their mitigation[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):279-288.
[9]WANG F,LI G Y,MA W,et al.Permafrost thawing along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline and countermeasures:A case study in Jiagedaqi,Northeast China[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2018,155(8):308-313.
[10]何树生,喻文兵,陈文国,等.东北多年冻土区埋地式输油管道周围温度场特征非线性分析[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):287-295.HE S S,YU W B,CHEN W G,et al.Non-linear analysis of temperature fields around the buried oil-pipeline in permafrost regions,Northeast China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(2):287-295.
[11]LI G Y,SHENG Y,JIN H J,et al.Forecasting the oil temperatures along the proposed Chinese-Russian crude oil pipeline using Quasi 3-D transient heat conduction model[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):235-242.
[12]刘建军,谢军.岛状多年冻土管道周围热-水-应力耦合数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊1):444-450.LIU J J,XIE J.Numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling around underground pipelines in patchy permafrost region[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S1):444-450.
[13]张艳芳.埋地式输油管道对多年冻土温度影响的数值模拟研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014:5-10.ZH Y F.Numerical simulation study on effects of the buried oil pipeline on permafrost temperature[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014:5-10.
[14]吕宏庆,李均峰,汤永亮.多年冻土区管道的若干关键技术[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(6):1-4.LYU H Q,LI J F,TANG Y L.Several key technical issues of permafrost pipeline[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2009,27(6):1-4.
[15]王剑亮,牛怀俊,杨永鹏,等.中俄输油管道沿线多年冻土工程地质问题及防治对策[J].铁道工程学报,2009,26(11):5-9.WANG J L,NIU H J,YANG Y P,et al.Study of the engineering geological problems in permafrost region along China-Russia oil pipeline and prevention countermeasures[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009,26(11):5-9.
[16]李国玉,马巍,王学力,等.中俄原油管道漠大线运营后面临一些冻害问题及防治措施建议[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2963-2973.LI G Y,MA W,WANG X L,et al.Frost hazards and mitigative measures following operation of Mohe-Daqing line of China-Russia crude oil pipeline[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):2963-2973.
[17]王永平.中俄原油管道多年冻土区管基土的冻融灾害及其防治技术研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2016:1-13.WANG Y P.Formation mechanisms and mitigative measures for frost hazards of foundation soils in permafrost areas along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline route[D].Lanzhou:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016:1-13.
[18]杨永鹏,韩龙武,丁靖康,等.人工地基在多年冻土区管道地基处理中的应用[J].石油工程建设,2009,35(2):5-9.YANG Y P,HAN L W,DING J K,et al.Application of artificial foundation in pipeline foundation treatment in permafrost region[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2009,35(2):5-9.
[19]毛卫南,田泽野,刘建坤.冻土区输油管道服役性能可靠度评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(增刊1):1526-1530.MAO W N,TIAN Z Y,LIU J K.Evaluation of the reliability of oil pipeline serving performance in permafrost region[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(S1):1526-1530.
[2]金会军,喻文兵,陈友昌,等.多年冻土区输油管道工程中的(差异性)融沉和冻胀问题[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(3):454-464.JIN H J,YU W B,CHEN Y C,et al.(Differential)Frost heave and thaw settlement in the engineering design and construction of oil pipelines in permafrost regions:a review[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(3):454-464.
[3]胡渊,徐震,汪鹏飞,等.冻土区输气管道周围土体冻胀融沉研究[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(4):1035-1042.HU Y,XU Z,WANG P F,et al.Field monitoring for frostheaving and thawing-settlement of soil around gas pipelines in permafrost region[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2018,26(4):1035-1042.
[4]吕兰芝,金会军,常晓丽,等.中俄原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)沿线气温、地表和浅层地温年际变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(4):794-802.LYU L Z,JIN H J,CHANG X L,et al.Interannual variations of the air temperature,surface temperature and shallow ground temperature along the China-Russia crude oil pipeline[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(4):794-802.
[5]杨思忠,金会军,于少鹏,等.中俄输油管道(漠河-大庆段)主要冻土环境问题探析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(2):358-366.YANG S Z,JIN H J,YU S P,et al.An investigation into the permafrost environment along the Chinese-Russian Oil Pipeline Route from Mohe to Daqing[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(2):358-366.
[6]JIN H J,HAO J Q,CHANG X L,et al.Zonation and assessment of frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the China-Russia crude oil pipeline route from Mohe to Daqing,Northeastern China[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):213-225.
[7]LI G Y,SHENG Y,JIN H J,et al.Development of freezingthawing processes of foundation soils surrounding the ChinaRussia crude oil pipeline under climate change[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):226-234.
[8]HE R X,JIN H J.Permafrost and cold-region environmental problems of the oil product pipeline from Golmud to Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their mitigation[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):279-288.
[9]WANG F,LI G Y,MA W,et al.Permafrost thawing along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline and countermeasures:A case study in Jiagedaqi,Northeast China[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2018,155(8):308-313.
[10]何树生,喻文兵,陈文国,等.东北多年冻土区埋地式输油管道周围温度场特征非线性分析[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):287-295.HE S S,YU W B,CHEN W G,et al.Non-linear analysis of temperature fields around the buried oil-pipeline in permafrost regions,Northeast China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(2):287-295.
[11]LI G Y,SHENG Y,JIN H J,et al.Forecasting the oil temperatures along the proposed Chinese-Russian crude oil pipeline using Quasi 3-D transient heat conduction model[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,64(3):235-242.
[12]刘建军,谢军.岛状多年冻土管道周围热-水-应力耦合数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊1):444-450.LIU J J,XIE J.Numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling around underground pipelines in patchy permafrost region[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S1):444-450.
[13]张艳芳.埋地式输油管道对多年冻土温度影响的数值模拟研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014:5-10.ZH Y F.Numerical simulation study on effects of the buried oil pipeline on permafrost temperature[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014:5-10.
[14]吕宏庆,李均峰,汤永亮.多年冻土区管道的若干关键技术[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(6):1-4.LYU H Q,LI J F,TANG Y L.Several key technical issues of permafrost pipeline[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2009,27(6):1-4.
[15]王剑亮,牛怀俊,杨永鹏,等.中俄输油管道沿线多年冻土工程地质问题及防治对策[J].铁道工程学报,2009,26(11):5-9.WANG J L,NIU H J,YANG Y P,et al.Study of the engineering geological problems in permafrost region along China-Russia oil pipeline and prevention countermeasures[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009,26(11):5-9.
[16]李国玉,马巍,王学力,等.中俄原油管道漠大线运营后面临一些冻害问题及防治措施建议[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2963-2973.LI G Y,MA W,WANG X L,et al.Frost hazards and mitigative measures following operation of Mohe-Daqing line of China-Russia crude oil pipeline[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):2963-2973.
[17]王永平.中俄原油管道多年冻土区管基土的冻融灾害及其防治技术研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2016:1-13.WANG Y P.Formation mechanisms and mitigative measures for frost hazards of foundation soils in permafrost areas along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline route[D].Lanzhou:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016:1-13.
[18]杨永鹏,韩龙武,丁靖康,等.人工地基在多年冻土区管道地基处理中的应用[J].石油工程建设,2009,35(2):5-9.YANG Y P,HAN L W,DING J K,et al.Application of artificial foundation in pipeline foundation treatment in permafrost region[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2009,35(2):5-9.
[19]毛卫南,田泽野,刘建坤.冻土区输油管道服役性能可靠度评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(增刊1):1526-1530.MAO W N,TIAN Z Y,LIU J K.Evaluation of the reliability of oil pipeline serving performance in permafrost region[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(S1):1526-1530.