玉米种质对丝黑穗病的抗性分析及发病条件研究
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摘要
为明确不同玉米种质资源对丝黑穗病的抗性差异,本研究于2012—2015年间采用人工接种法对1 164份玉米种质进行了田间抗性鉴定,结果表明,38份材料03GEM00041、07GEM02289、07GEM02902等表现高抗,占比3.26%;61份材料W6、478、4619、A580等表现抗病,占鉴定种质的5.24%;W22、W216、W286等140份表现中抗,占比12.03%;其余566份和359份分别表现感病和高感,分别占总鉴定材料的48.63%和30.84%。经过对比发现,不同地区玉米种质抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在较大的差异,来自云南和广东的种质其抗性水平明显低于内蒙古和黑龙江。通过聚类分析发现,41份材料可划分为5类。在系谱图上,抗病性相同的品种大致划分在同一个类中,但也存在一定的偏差。研究结果同时表明0～10cm的土壤温度在15.8～17.9℃,病株率在85%以上,为适宜发病温度,其中15.8℃为最佳发病温度;接菌量为0.3%时的病株率明显高于接菌量为0.1%和0.2%的病株率。
The study aimed to confirm the head smut-resistance differences among maize germplasm resources.Using the artificial inoculation method under field conditions,1 164 corn accessions resistances were screened and evaluated for resistance to head smut from 2012 to 2015.The results showed that 38 accessions were highly resistant,including 03 GEM00041,07 GEM02289,07 GEM02902 et al,accounting for3.26% of the total of accessions.Sixty-one germplasm was resistant,such as W6,478,4619,A580 and so on,accounting for the percentage of 5.24.One hundred and forty accessions were moderately resistant,such as W22,W216,W286,accounting for 12.03%of the total of germplasm.The other 566 and 359 accessions were susceptible and highly susceptible with the percentage of 48.63 and 30.84,respectively.The results also showed that there were differences in resistance level and diversity among maize germplasm from different ecological areas For instance,the resistance level in germplasm from Yunnan province and Guangdong province were lower than that from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang province.The clustering analysis result showed that 41 landraceswere classified into five groups.The accessions with the same resistance level was roughly classified in the same group,but deviations also existed.The incidence of head smut was above 85% when the 0～10 cm soil temperature was between 15.8 to 17.9℃,showing that the above tem-perature was suitable for this disease.The disease incidence with the inoculation rate of 0.3% was significantly higher than that of 0.1%and 0.2%inoculation rate.
The study aimed to confirm the head smut-resistance differences among maize germplasm resources.Using the artificial inoculation method under field conditions,1 164 corn accessions resistances were screened and evaluated for resistance to head smut from 2012 to 2015.The results showed that 38 accessions were highly resistant,including 03 GEM00041,07 GEM02289,07 GEM02902 et al,accounting for3.26% of the total of accessions.Sixty-one germplasm was resistant,such as W6,478,4619,A580 and so on,accounting for the percentage of 5.24.One hundred and forty accessions were moderately resistant,such as W22,W216,W286,accounting for 12.03%of the total of germplasm.The other 566 and 359 accessions were susceptible and highly susceptible with the percentage of 48.63 and 30.84,respectively.The results also showed that there were differences in resistance level and diversity among maize germplasm from different ecological areas For instance,the resistance level in germplasm from Yunnan province and Guangdong province were lower than that from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang province.The clustering analysis result showed that 41 landraceswere classified into five groups.The accessions with the same resistance level was roughly classified in the same group,but deviations also existed.The incidence of head smut was above 85% when the 0～10 cm soil temperature was between 15.8 to 17.9℃,showing that the above tem-perature was suitable for this disease.The disease incidence with the inoculation rate of 0.3% was significantly higher than that of 0.1%and 0.2%inoculation rate.
引文
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[21]刘聪莉.鉴定玉米对丝黑穗病抗性的简易方法[J].莱阳农学院学报,1997,14(4):259-260
[22]李兴红,康纠兰,曹志敏.玉米苗期对丝黑穗病抗性机制初探[J].河北农业大学学报,1997,17(2):109-112
[23]董玲,金益,王振华.玉米资源抗丝黑穗病快速鉴定方法的初步研究[J].西南农业学报,2005,18(5):653-657
[24]倪深.玉米抗丝黑穗病相关基因的筛选及抗病机理探究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006:2
[25]高洁.特用玉米抗丝黑穗病遗传分析及其病菌致病性的遗传多样性[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2005:13-14
[26]王殿修.吉林省玉米丝黑穗病菌致病性分化与RAPD分析[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2004:4
[27]邢跃先.栽培因子对不同抗性玉米品种丝黑穗病发病的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007:16
[28]华致甫,白宝璋,赵晓军.玉米丝黑穗菌生理分化的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1995,17(2):32-35
[29]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:332-356
[2]王林,孙启忠,张慧杰.苜蓿与玉米混贮质量研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):202-209
[3]崔卫东,董朝霞,张建国,等.不同收割时间对甜玉米秸秆的营养价值和青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):208-213
[4]国家统计局.2017年玉米种植面积下降3.6%(附各省粮食产量)[EB/OL].http://www.sohu.com/a/21012230,668371,2017-12-12
[5]段灿星,王晓鸣,武小菲,等.玉米种质和新品种对腐霉茎腐病和镰孢穗腐病的抗性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(5):947-954
[6]王晓鸣,石洁,晋齐鸣,等.玉米病虫害田间手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010
[7] Sanchez-Pale J R,Ramirez-Davila J F,Gonzalez-Huerta A,et al.Modelization of the spatial distribution of corn head smut(Sporisorium reilianum Langdon and Fullerton)in Mexico[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,9(3):882-893
[8]晋齐鸣,李建平,张秀文.松辽平原玉米主要病虫害综合治理体系的研究[J].玉米科学,2000(2):84-88
[9]李德锋,姜义宝,付楠,等.青贮玉米品种比较试验[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):612-617
[10]柳斌辉,赵海明,游永亮,等.海河平原区引进青贮玉米品种的生产性能及适应性评价[J].草地学报,2016,24(3):632-641
[11]王燕,石秀清,王建军,等.玉米自交系抗丝黑穗病鉴定与评价[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(7):17-19,25
[12]高卫东,戴法超,朱小阳.玉米种质资源对四种病害的抗性鉴定[J].植物保护学报,1997,24(2):191-192
[13]王晓鸣,戴法超,朱振东,等.玉米自交系和杂交种的抗病特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(增刊):132-140
[14]郭满库,刘永刚,王晓鸣.玉米自交系及群体材料抗丝黑穗病鉴定与评价[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):30-33
[15]谢志军,郭满库,刘永刚,等.玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定与评价[J].植物保护,2008,34(6):92-95
[16]梁素明,王爱萍,董琦,等.长根茎玉米自交系及群体材料抗丝黑穗病鉴定与评价[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(10):55-57
[17]左淑珍,靳学慧,李洪雨,等.玉米丝黑穗病的抗源鉴定及抗性遗传研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(4):8-12
[18]郭成,郭满库,魏宏玉,等.玉米种质资源对丝轴团散黑粉菌的抗性筛选[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(2):343-344
[19]中华人民共和国农业部.NY 1248.3-2006-T玉米抗病虫性鉴定技术规范第3部分:玉米抗丝黑穗病鉴定技术规范[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:3
[20]刘锡若,薛国典.玉米品种对丝黑穗病的抗病性和幼苗诊断的研究[J].植物保护学报,1983,10(4):274-275
[21]刘聪莉.鉴定玉米对丝黑穗病抗性的简易方法[J].莱阳农学院学报,1997,14(4):259-260
[22]李兴红,康纠兰,曹志敏.玉米苗期对丝黑穗病抗性机制初探[J].河北农业大学学报,1997,17(2):109-112
[23]董玲,金益,王振华.玉米资源抗丝黑穗病快速鉴定方法的初步研究[J].西南农业学报,2005,18(5):653-657
[24]倪深.玉米抗丝黑穗病相关基因的筛选及抗病机理探究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006:2
[25]高洁.特用玉米抗丝黑穗病遗传分析及其病菌致病性的遗传多样性[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2005:13-14
[26]王殿修.吉林省玉米丝黑穗病菌致病性分化与RAPD分析[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2004:4
[27]邢跃先.栽培因子对不同抗性玉米品种丝黑穗病发病的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007:16
[28]华致甫,白宝璋,赵晓军.玉米丝黑穗菌生理分化的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1995,17(2):32-35
[29]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:332-356