防除小麦田鬼蜡烛主要除草剂的筛选
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摘要
[目的]本文旨在明确侵入麦田恶性杂草鬼蜡烛(Phleum paniculatum)的适宜田间防除药剂。[方法]采用整株生物测定法研究鬼蜡烛对不同除草剂的敏感性。[结果]发现小麦田常用土壤处理剂吡氟酰草胺、丙草胺、异丙隆、绿麦隆对鬼蜡烛毒力效果显著,ED90值均低于各自的推荐剂量;茎叶处理除草剂啶磺草胺、炔草酯、异丙隆、三甲苯草酮和氟唑磺隆对鬼蜡烛毒力较好,ED90值亦均低于各自的推荐剂量;甲基二磺隆和精唑禾草灵对鬼蜡烛毒力较差,ED90值分别是各自推荐剂量的2倍和3.5倍。非小麦田除草剂二甲戊灵、乙草胺、甲氧咪草烟、敌草隆、乙氧氟草醚、氨唑草酮对鬼蜡烛毒力较好,ED90值均低于各自的推荐剂量,二甲戊灵和氨唑草酮对小麦的选择性指数分别为2.49和2.47,一定剂量下对小麦安全。[结论]鬼蜡烛对麦田常用除草剂吡氟酰草胺、丙草胺、异丙隆、绿麦隆、啶磺草胺、炔草酯、三甲苯草酮和氟唑磺隆仍比较敏感,在各自推荐剂量下均能有效防除鬼蜡烛,但对精唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆不敏感。
[Objectives]This study was to find out the appropriate herbicides to control a malignant weed Phleum paniculatum in wheat fields. [Methods]Whole-plant bioassay was conducted to determine the sensitivity of P. paniculatum to various different herbicides. [Results]Whole-plant bioassay revealed that the pre-emergence herbicides in wheat fields,such as diflufenican,pretilachlor,isoproturon,chlortoluron,and post-emergence herbicides,including pyroxsulam,clodinafop,isoproturon,tralkoxydim,flucarbazone were most effective on controlling P. paniculatum. Their ED90 values were all below their recommended doses respectively.P. paniculatum was not sensitive to fenoxaprop or mesosulfuron,and the ED90 values were 2 and 3.5 times higher than their recommended doses respectively. Herbicides which were not used in wheat field,such as pendimethalin,acetochlor,diuron,oxyfluorfen,and amicarbazone also had significant control effect on P. paniculatum. Their ED90 values were all below their recommended doses. The selectivity index of pendimethalin and amicarbazone were 2. 49 and 2. 47 respectively,which were safe to wheat at a certain dose.[Conclusions]P. paniculatum was sensitive to most wheat field herbicides,including diflufenican,pretilachlor,isoproturon,chlortoluron,pyroxsulam,clodinafop,tralkoxydim and flucarbazone,and it could be controlled effectively at their recommended doses,but was not sensitive to fenoxaprop or mesosulfuron.
[Objectives]This study was to find out the appropriate herbicides to control a malignant weed Phleum paniculatum in wheat fields. [Methods]Whole-plant bioassay was conducted to determine the sensitivity of P. paniculatum to various different herbicides. [Results]Whole-plant bioassay revealed that the pre-emergence herbicides in wheat fields,such as diflufenican,pretilachlor,isoproturon,chlortoluron,and post-emergence herbicides,including pyroxsulam,clodinafop,isoproturon,tralkoxydim,flucarbazone were most effective on controlling P. paniculatum. Their ED90 values were all below their recommended doses respectively.P. paniculatum was not sensitive to fenoxaprop or mesosulfuron,and the ED90 values were 2 and 3.5 times higher than their recommended doses respectively. Herbicides which were not used in wheat field,such as pendimethalin,acetochlor,diuron,oxyfluorfen,and amicarbazone also had significant control effect on P. paniculatum. Their ED90 values were all below their recommended doses. The selectivity index of pendimethalin and amicarbazone were 2. 49 and 2. 47 respectively,which were safe to wheat at a certain dose.[Conclusions]P. paniculatum was sensitive to most wheat field herbicides,including diflufenican,pretilachlor,isoproturon,chlortoluron,pyroxsulam,clodinafop,tralkoxydim and flucarbazone,and it could be controlled effectively at their recommended doses,but was not sensitive to fenoxaprop or mesosulfuron.
引文
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[4]李香菊,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.河北省冬小麦田杂草的发生规律及化学防除[J].河北农业科学,2004,8(1):14-17.Li X J,Wang G Q,Fan C Q,et al.Weeds and their chemical control in winter wheat in Hebei Province[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2004,8(1):14-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[8]朱良备,宋爱颖.麦田蜡烛草生态经济阈值研究[J].现代农业科技,2012(18):112-113.Zhu L B,Song A Y.Research on ecological threshold of Phlenm paniculatum Huds.in wheat field[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2012(18):112-113(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]赵杰,张管曲,彭德良,等.节节麦、鬼蜡烛---燕麦孢囊线虫的两种新寄主[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(4):379-380.Zhao J,Zhang G Q,Peng D L,et al.Aegilops tauschii and Phleum paniculatum,two new hosts of Heterodera avenae[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2013,40(4):379-380(in Chinese).
[10]王琼,陈国奇,姜英,等.水稻田稗属(Echinochloa spp.)杂草对稻田常用除草剂的敏感性[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(5):804-809.DOI:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2015.05.015.Wang Q,Chen G Q,Jiang Y,et al.Sensitivity of Echinochloa species to frequently used herbicides in paddy rice field[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2015,38(5):804-809(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]刘庆虎,陈国奇,张玉华,等.不同叶龄千金子、稗和马唐对氰氟草酯和五氟磺草胺的敏感性[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(5):771-776.DOI:10.7685/jnau.201510047.Liu Q H,Chen G Q,Zhang Y H,et al.Sensitivities of Leptochloa chinensis,Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis at different leaf stages to cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2016,39(5):771-776(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]王茂云,李蓉荣,刘纯,等.三氟啶磺隆除草活性及对棉花的安全性评价[J].农药学学报,2014,16(1):23-28.Wang M Y,Li R R,Liu C,et al.Evaluation of herbicidal activity of trifloxysulfuron and its safety to various cotton varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2014,16(1):23-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Ritz C,Streibig J C.Bioassay analysis using R[J].Journal of Statistical Software,2005,12(5):1-22.
[14]Matzenbacher F O,Bortoly E D,Kalsing A,et al.Distribution and analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crusgalli)to imidazolinone and quinclorac herbicides[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,153(6):1044-1058.
[15]Chen G,Wang Q,Yao Z,et al.Penoxsulam-resistant barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli)in rice fields in China[J].Weed Biology and Management,2016,16(1):16-23.
[16]鄢志会,曾婷婷,吴宪,等.棒头草对16种夏熟作物田常用除草剂的敏感性[J].杂草科学,2015,33(4):10-13,26.Yan Z H,Zeng T T,Wu X,et al.Sensitivity of Polypogon fugax to 16 herbicides frequently used in summer-harvest crops[J].Weed Science,2015,33(4):10-13,26(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]章超斌,马波,强胜.江苏省主要农田杂草种子库物种组成和多样性及其与环境因子的相关性分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2012,21(1):1-13.Zhang C B,Ma B,Qiang S.Analyses of species composition,and diversity of weed seed bank of main crop fields in Jiangsu Province and its correlation with environmental factors[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2012,21(1):1-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Rao N,Dong L,Li J,et al.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne)[J].Weed Science,2008,56:529-533.
[19]王红春,娄远来,李宜慰.早熟禾萌发特性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2009(4):138-140.Wang H C,Lou Y L,Li Y W.Study on the germination of Poaannua[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2009(4):138-140(in Chinese).
[20]Wu X,Li J,Xu H L,et al.Factors affecting seed germination and seedling emergence of Polypogon fugax[J].Weed Science,2015,63:440-447.
[2]中国植物志编委.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:145.Editorial Board of Flora of China.Flora of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:145(in Chinese).
[3]阮义理,金登迪,林瑞芬.小麦丛矮病(NCMV)寄主范围的研究[J].植物病理学报,1982,12(2):379-380.Ruan Y L,Jin D D,Lin R F.The host range of the wheat rosette disease(NCMV)[J].Acta Phytopat Ologica Sinica,1982,12(2):379-380(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]李香菊,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.河北省冬小麦田杂草的发生规律及化学防除[J].河北农业科学,2004,8(1):14-17.Li X J,Wang G Q,Fan C Q,et al.Weeds and their chemical control in winter wheat in Hebei Province[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2004,8(1):14-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]王亚红,刘万锋,杨建斌,等.关中小麦田禾本科杂草危害现状及原因分析[J].陕西农业科学,2007(3):25-27.Wang Y H,Liu W F,Yang J B,et al.Analysis on the present situation and causes of gramineous weeds in Guanzhong wheat field[J].Journal of Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences,2007(3):25-27(in Chinese).
[6]金平涛,杨宇超,陈红,等.周至县麦田蜡烛草发生特点及治理对策[J].中国农技推广,2009,25(10):43-44.Jin P T,Yang Y C,Chen H,et al.The occurrence and control measures of Phleum paniculatum in wheat field at Zhouzhi County[J].China Agricultural Technology Extension,2009,25(10):43-44(in Chinese).
[7]李贵,吴竞伦.江苏省小麦田禾本科杂草发生趋势及防除策略思考[J].杂草科学,2006(4):9-10.Li G,Wu J L.Occurrence and control of gramineous weeds in wheat field in Jiangsu Province[J].Weed Science,2006(4):9-10(in Chinese).
[8]朱良备,宋爱颖.麦田蜡烛草生态经济阈值研究[J].现代农业科技,2012(18):112-113.Zhu L B,Song A Y.Research on ecological threshold of Phlenm paniculatum Huds.in wheat field[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2012(18):112-113(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]赵杰,张管曲,彭德良,等.节节麦、鬼蜡烛---燕麦孢囊线虫的两种新寄主[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(4):379-380.Zhao J,Zhang G Q,Peng D L,et al.Aegilops tauschii and Phleum paniculatum,two new hosts of Heterodera avenae[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2013,40(4):379-380(in Chinese).
[10]王琼,陈国奇,姜英,等.水稻田稗属(Echinochloa spp.)杂草对稻田常用除草剂的敏感性[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(5):804-809.DOI:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2015.05.015.Wang Q,Chen G Q,Jiang Y,et al.Sensitivity of Echinochloa species to frequently used herbicides in paddy rice field[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2015,38(5):804-809(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]刘庆虎,陈国奇,张玉华,等.不同叶龄千金子、稗和马唐对氰氟草酯和五氟磺草胺的敏感性[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(5):771-776.DOI:10.7685/jnau.201510047.Liu Q H,Chen G Q,Zhang Y H,et al.Sensitivities of Leptochloa chinensis,Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis at different leaf stages to cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2016,39(5):771-776(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]王茂云,李蓉荣,刘纯,等.三氟啶磺隆除草活性及对棉花的安全性评价[J].农药学学报,2014,16(1):23-28.Wang M Y,Li R R,Liu C,et al.Evaluation of herbicidal activity of trifloxysulfuron and its safety to various cotton varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2014,16(1):23-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Ritz C,Streibig J C.Bioassay analysis using R[J].Journal of Statistical Software,2005,12(5):1-22.
[14]Matzenbacher F O,Bortoly E D,Kalsing A,et al.Distribution and analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crusgalli)to imidazolinone and quinclorac herbicides[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,153(6):1044-1058.
[15]Chen G,Wang Q,Yao Z,et al.Penoxsulam-resistant barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli)in rice fields in China[J].Weed Biology and Management,2016,16(1):16-23.
[16]鄢志会,曾婷婷,吴宪,等.棒头草对16种夏熟作物田常用除草剂的敏感性[J].杂草科学,2015,33(4):10-13,26.Yan Z H,Zeng T T,Wu X,et al.Sensitivity of Polypogon fugax to 16 herbicides frequently used in summer-harvest crops[J].Weed Science,2015,33(4):10-13,26(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]章超斌,马波,强胜.江苏省主要农田杂草种子库物种组成和多样性及其与环境因子的相关性分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2012,21(1):1-13.Zhang C B,Ma B,Qiang S.Analyses of species composition,and diversity of weed seed bank of main crop fields in Jiangsu Province and its correlation with environmental factors[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2012,21(1):1-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Rao N,Dong L,Li J,et al.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne)[J].Weed Science,2008,56:529-533.
[19]王红春,娄远来,李宜慰.早熟禾萌发特性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2009(4):138-140.Wang H C,Lou Y L,Li Y W.Study on the germination of Poaannua[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2009(4):138-140(in Chinese).
[20]Wu X,Li J,Xu H L,et al.Factors affecting seed germination and seedling emergence of Polypogon fugax[J].Weed Science,2015,63:440-447.