插电式混合动力汽车能量管理策略发展综述
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摘要
插电式混合动力汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,PHEV)的电池容量大,能够接入外部电网充电;兼具燃油动力和电动驱动系统的优点,被认为是传统燃油汽车向纯电动汽车过渡的最佳方案。能量管理系统是实现整车需求能量在发动机和电动机之间分配的关键,插电式混合动力汽车的经济性、动力性与所采用的能量管理策略密切相关。对插电式混合动力汽车能量管理策略的研究发展进行了综述,对比了各种基于规则和基于优化的能量管理策略的优缺点,分析了驾驶数据与交通信息对能量管理策略的影响及存在的问题,最后,提出了插电式混合动力汽车能量管理策略的发展方向,为今后插电式混合动力汽车的研究提供参考。
The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has large battery capacity,can be charged from the external power grid,has the advantages of both fuel power and electric drive system,it is considered to be the optimal transition scheme from traditional fuel vehicle to pure electric vehicle. Energy management system is the key to realize the distribution of the demand energy between engine and motor. The economy and power performance of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are closely related to the energy management strategy adopted. The current situation of the energy management strategy for the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is reviewed. The merit and demerit of rulebased and optimization-based energy management strategies are compared. The problems and impact of driving data and traffic information on the energy management strategy are emphatically analyzed. Finally,the development trend of energy management strategy is pointed out,to provide a reference for the research of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has large battery capacity,can be charged from the external power grid,has the advantages of both fuel power and electric drive system,it is considered to be the optimal transition scheme from traditional fuel vehicle to pure electric vehicle. Energy management system is the key to realize the distribution of the demand energy between engine and motor. The economy and power performance of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are closely related to the energy management strategy adopted. The current situation of the energy management strategy for the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is reviewed. The merit and demerit of rulebased and optimization-based energy management strategies are compared. The problems and impact of driving data and traffic information on the energy management strategy are emphatically analyzed. Finally,the development trend of energy management strategy is pointed out,to provide a reference for the research of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
引文
1 Tie S F,Tan C W.A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,20(4):82-102
2 Salisa A R,Zhang N,Zhu J G.A comparative analysis of fuel economy and emissions between a conventional HEV and the UTS PHEV[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2011,60(1):44-54
3 Schori M,Boehme T J,Frank B,et al.Optimal calibration of mapbased energy management for plug-in parallel hybrid configurations:A hybrid optimal control approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2015,64(9):3897-3907
4 He Y,Chowdhury M,Pisu P,et al.An energy optimization strategy for power-split drivetrain plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2012,22(3):29-41
5 Wirasingha S G,Emadi A.Classification and review of control strategies for plug-In hybrid electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2011,60(1):111-122
6 Padmarajan B V,Mcgordon A,Jennings P A.Blended rule-based energy management for PHEV:System structure and strategy[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2016,65(10):8757-8762
7 Ramadan H S,Becherif M,Claude F.Energy management improvement of hybrid electric vehicles via combined GPS/rule-based methodology[J].IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,2017,14(2):586-597
8 He H,Zhang J,Li G.Model predictive control for energy management of a plug-in hybrid electric bus[J].Energy Procedia,2016,88:901-907
9李贵炎,鲁植雄.插电式混合动力整车能量管理控制策略[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2018(4):410-414Li Guiyan,Lu Zhixiong.Energy management control strategy for plugin hybrid electric vehicle[J].Journal of Shenyang University of Technology,2018(4):410-414
10 Huang Y,Wang H,Khajepour A,et al.Model predictive control power management strategies for HEVs:A review[J].Journal of Power Sources,2017,341:91-106
11 Enang W,Bannister C.Modelling and control of hybrid electric vehicles(A comprehensive review)[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,74:1210-1239
12 Zhang P,Yan F,Du C.A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles based on bibliometrics[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,48:88-104
13 Yuan Z,Teng L,Fengchun S,et al.Comparative study of dynamic programming and pontryagin's minimum principle on energy management for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle[J].Energies,2013,6(4):2305-2318
14 Zhang J,Zheng C,Cha S W,et al.Co-state variable determination in Pontryagin's minimum principle for energy management of hybrid vehicles[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2016,17(9):1215-1222
15 Onori S,Tribioli L.Adaptive Pontryagin's Minimum Principle supervisory controller design for the plug-in hybrid GM Chevrolet Volt[J].Applied Energy,2015,147:224-234
16沈登峰,王晨,于海生,等.复合功率分流混合动力汽车能量管理策略研究[J].汽车工程,2017,(1):15-22,27Shen Dengfeng,Wang Chen,Yu Haisheng,et al.A study on energy management strategy for compound power-split hybrid electric vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,(1):15-22,27
17 Hou C,Ouyang M,Xu L,et al.Approximate Pontryagin's minimum principle applied to the energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Applied Energy,2014,115:174-189
18 Li Y,Lu X,Kar N C.Rule-based control strategy with novel parameters optimization using NSGA-II for power-split PHEV operation cost minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2014,63(7):3051-3061
19李平.基于SA-PSO的Plug-In混合动力汽车模糊控制策略优化研究[D].济南:山东大学,2017Li Ping,Optimization reasearch on control strategy for a plug-in hybrid vehicle based on SA-PSO algorithm[D].Jinan:Shandong Unversity,2017
20 Cheng Y H,Lai C M.Control strategy optimization for parallel hybrid electric vehicles using a memetic algorithm[J].Energies,2017,10(3):305-326
21陈征,刘亚辉,杨芳.基于进化-增强学习方法的插电式混合动力公交车能量管理策略[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(16):86-93Chen Zheng,Liu Yahui,Yang Fang.Energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric bus with evolutionary-reinforcement learning method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(16):86-93
22杨观赐,张钧星,李少波,等.基于行为博弈进化算法的并联混合动力汽车控制策略参数优化[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(13):70-76Yang Guanci,Zhang Junxing,Li Shaobo,et al.Parameters optimization of PHEV control strategy with game evolutionary algorithm based on behavioral game theory[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(13):70-76
23 Paganelli G,Guerra T M,Delprat S,et al.Simulation and assessment of power control strategies for a parallel hybrid car[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part D,2000,214(7):705-717
24 Li L,Huang H,Lian J,et al.Research of ant colony optimized adaptive control strategy for hybrid electric vehicle[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2014,2014(9):1-10
25 Ye X,Jin Z,Hu X,et al.Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2013,14(6):971-985
26 Pei D,Leamy M J.Dynamic programming-informed equivalent cost minimization control strategies for hybrid-electric vehicles[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement&Control,2013,135(5):595-611
27 Zhang F,Liu H,Hu Y,et al.A supervisory control algorithm of hybrid electric vehicle based on adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy with fuzzy PI[J].Energies,2016,9(11):919-935
28 Han J,Kum D,Park Y.Synthesis of predictive equivalent consumption minimization strategy for hybrid electric vehicles based on closed-form solution of optimal equivalence factor[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(7):5604-5616
29 Musardo C,Rizzoni G,Guezennec Y,et al.A-ECMS:An adaptive algorithm for hybrid electric vehicle energy management[J].European Journal of Control,2005,11(4-5):509-524
30 de Vlieger I,de Keukeleere D,Kretzschmar J G.Environmental effects of driving behaviour and congestion related to passenger cars[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(27):4649-4655
31 Zhang Y,Chu L,Fu Z,et al.Optimal energy management strategy for parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on driving behavior analysis and real time traffic information prediction[J].Mechatronics,2017,46:177-192
32 He Y,Chowdhury M,Pisu P,et al.An energy optimization strategy for power-split drivetrain plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research:Part C,2012,22(5):29-41
33 Zhang C,Vahidi A.Route preview in energy management of plug-in hybrid vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2012,20(2):546-553
34 Tang J,Guo L,Gao B,et al.Energy management of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with CVT using model predictive control[C]//35th Chinese Control Conference.Chengdu:IEEE,2016:4396-4401
35 Shi D,Wang S,Pisu P,et al.Modeling and optimal energy management of a power split hybrid electric vehicle[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2017,60(5):713-725
36 Yu K,Liang Q,Yang J,et al.Model predictive control for hybrid electric vehicle platooning using route information[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2016,230(9):1273-1285
37 Cairano S D,Bernardini D,Bemporad A,et al.Stochastic MPCwith learning for driver-predictive vehicle control and its application to HEV energy management[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2014,22(3):1018-1031
38 Homchaudhuri B,Vahidi A,Pisu P.Fast model predictive controlbased fuel efficient control strategy for a group of connected vehicles in urban road conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2017,25(2):760-767
39 Cairano S D,Wei L,Kolmanovsky I V,et al.Power smoothing energy management and its application to a series hybrid powertrain[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2013,21(6):2091-2103
40 Liessner R,Dietermann A M,B?ker B,et al.Derivation of realworld driving cycles corresponding to traffic situation and driving style on the basis of Markov models and cluster analyses[C]//6th Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Conference.London:Institution of Engineering and Technology,2016:1-7
41 Sun C,Moura S J,Hu X S,et al.Dynamic traffic feedback data enabled energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2015,23(3):1075-1086
42 Themann P,Zlocki A,Eckstein L.Energy efficient control of vehicle's longitudinal dynamics using V2X communication[J].ATZWorldwide,2014,116(7):36-41
43 Zhang F,Xi J,Langari R.Real-time energy management strategy based on velocity forecasts using V2V and V2I communications[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,18(2):416-430
44 Liu G,Zhang J.An energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on driver behavior and road information[J].Journal of Intelligent&Fuzzy Systems,2017,33(5):3009-3020
45 Jiménez F,Cabrera-Montiel W.System for road vehicle energy optimization using real time road and traffic information[J].Energies,2014,7(6):3576-3598
46 Hu X,Wang H,Tang X.Cyber-physical control for energy-saving vehicle following with connectivity[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(11):8578-8587
47 Chen Z,Guo N,Shen J,et al.A hierarchical energy management strategy for power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicles considering velocity prediction[J].IEEE Access,2018,(6):33261-33274
48钱立军,邱利宏,司远,等.智能网联环境下的混合动力汽车分层能量管理[J].汽车工程,2017,39(6):621-629Qian Lijun,Qiu Lihong,Si Yuan,et al.Hierarchical energy management of hybrid electric vehicles under the environment of intelligent and connected vehicles[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(6):621-629
49 Li L,Chen X,Zhang L.Multimodel ensemble for freeway traffic state estimations[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2014,15(3):1323-1336
50 Yang C,Li L,You S,et al.Cloud computing-based energy optimization control framework for plug-in hybrid electric bus[J].Energy,2017,125:11-26
51 Fetene G M,Kaplan S,Mabit S L,et al.Harnessing big data for estimating the energy consumption and driving range of electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2017,54:1-11
52 Ozatay E,Onori S,Wollaeger J,et al.Cloud-based velocity profile optimization for everyday driving:A dynamic-programming-based solution[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2014,15(6):2491-2505
53 Martinez C M,Hu X,Cao D,et al.Energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles:Recent progress and a connected vehicles perspective[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(6):4534-4549
2 Salisa A R,Zhang N,Zhu J G.A comparative analysis of fuel economy and emissions between a conventional HEV and the UTS PHEV[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2011,60(1):44-54
3 Schori M,Boehme T J,Frank B,et al.Optimal calibration of mapbased energy management for plug-in parallel hybrid configurations:A hybrid optimal control approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2015,64(9):3897-3907
4 He Y,Chowdhury M,Pisu P,et al.An energy optimization strategy for power-split drivetrain plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2012,22(3):29-41
5 Wirasingha S G,Emadi A.Classification and review of control strategies for plug-In hybrid electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2011,60(1):111-122
6 Padmarajan B V,Mcgordon A,Jennings P A.Blended rule-based energy management for PHEV:System structure and strategy[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2016,65(10):8757-8762
7 Ramadan H S,Becherif M,Claude F.Energy management improvement of hybrid electric vehicles via combined GPS/rule-based methodology[J].IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,2017,14(2):586-597
8 He H,Zhang J,Li G.Model predictive control for energy management of a plug-in hybrid electric bus[J].Energy Procedia,2016,88:901-907
9李贵炎,鲁植雄.插电式混合动力整车能量管理控制策略[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2018(4):410-414Li Guiyan,Lu Zhixiong.Energy management control strategy for plugin hybrid electric vehicle[J].Journal of Shenyang University of Technology,2018(4):410-414
10 Huang Y,Wang H,Khajepour A,et al.Model predictive control power management strategies for HEVs:A review[J].Journal of Power Sources,2017,341:91-106
11 Enang W,Bannister C.Modelling and control of hybrid electric vehicles(A comprehensive review)[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,74:1210-1239
12 Zhang P,Yan F,Du C.A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles based on bibliometrics[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,48:88-104
13 Yuan Z,Teng L,Fengchun S,et al.Comparative study of dynamic programming and pontryagin's minimum principle on energy management for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle[J].Energies,2013,6(4):2305-2318
14 Zhang J,Zheng C,Cha S W,et al.Co-state variable determination in Pontryagin's minimum principle for energy management of hybrid vehicles[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2016,17(9):1215-1222
15 Onori S,Tribioli L.Adaptive Pontryagin's Minimum Principle supervisory controller design for the plug-in hybrid GM Chevrolet Volt[J].Applied Energy,2015,147:224-234
16沈登峰,王晨,于海生,等.复合功率分流混合动力汽车能量管理策略研究[J].汽车工程,2017,(1):15-22,27Shen Dengfeng,Wang Chen,Yu Haisheng,et al.A study on energy management strategy for compound power-split hybrid electric vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,(1):15-22,27
17 Hou C,Ouyang M,Xu L,et al.Approximate Pontryagin's minimum principle applied to the energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Applied Energy,2014,115:174-189
18 Li Y,Lu X,Kar N C.Rule-based control strategy with novel parameters optimization using NSGA-II for power-split PHEV operation cost minimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2014,63(7):3051-3061
19李平.基于SA-PSO的Plug-In混合动力汽车模糊控制策略优化研究[D].济南:山东大学,2017Li Ping,Optimization reasearch on control strategy for a plug-in hybrid vehicle based on SA-PSO algorithm[D].Jinan:Shandong Unversity,2017
20 Cheng Y H,Lai C M.Control strategy optimization for parallel hybrid electric vehicles using a memetic algorithm[J].Energies,2017,10(3):305-326
21陈征,刘亚辉,杨芳.基于进化-增强学习方法的插电式混合动力公交车能量管理策略[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(16):86-93Chen Zheng,Liu Yahui,Yang Fang.Energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric bus with evolutionary-reinforcement learning method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(16):86-93
22杨观赐,张钧星,李少波,等.基于行为博弈进化算法的并联混合动力汽车控制策略参数优化[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(13):70-76Yang Guanci,Zhang Junxing,Li Shaobo,et al.Parameters optimization of PHEV control strategy with game evolutionary algorithm based on behavioral game theory[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(13):70-76
23 Paganelli G,Guerra T M,Delprat S,et al.Simulation and assessment of power control strategies for a parallel hybrid car[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part D,2000,214(7):705-717
24 Li L,Huang H,Lian J,et al.Research of ant colony optimized adaptive control strategy for hybrid electric vehicle[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2014,2014(9):1-10
25 Ye X,Jin Z,Hu X,et al.Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2013,14(6):971-985
26 Pei D,Leamy M J.Dynamic programming-informed equivalent cost minimization control strategies for hybrid-electric vehicles[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement&Control,2013,135(5):595-611
27 Zhang F,Liu H,Hu Y,et al.A supervisory control algorithm of hybrid electric vehicle based on adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy with fuzzy PI[J].Energies,2016,9(11):919-935
28 Han J,Kum D,Park Y.Synthesis of predictive equivalent consumption minimization strategy for hybrid electric vehicles based on closed-form solution of optimal equivalence factor[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(7):5604-5616
29 Musardo C,Rizzoni G,Guezennec Y,et al.A-ECMS:An adaptive algorithm for hybrid electric vehicle energy management[J].European Journal of Control,2005,11(4-5):509-524
30 de Vlieger I,de Keukeleere D,Kretzschmar J G.Environmental effects of driving behaviour and congestion related to passenger cars[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(27):4649-4655
31 Zhang Y,Chu L,Fu Z,et al.Optimal energy management strategy for parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on driving behavior analysis and real time traffic information prediction[J].Mechatronics,2017,46:177-192
32 He Y,Chowdhury M,Pisu P,et al.An energy optimization strategy for power-split drivetrain plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research:Part C,2012,22(5):29-41
33 Zhang C,Vahidi A.Route preview in energy management of plug-in hybrid vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2012,20(2):546-553
34 Tang J,Guo L,Gao B,et al.Energy management of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with CVT using model predictive control[C]//35th Chinese Control Conference.Chengdu:IEEE,2016:4396-4401
35 Shi D,Wang S,Pisu P,et al.Modeling and optimal energy management of a power split hybrid electric vehicle[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2017,60(5):713-725
36 Yu K,Liang Q,Yang J,et al.Model predictive control for hybrid electric vehicle platooning using route information[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2016,230(9):1273-1285
37 Cairano S D,Bernardini D,Bemporad A,et al.Stochastic MPCwith learning for driver-predictive vehicle control and its application to HEV energy management[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2014,22(3):1018-1031
38 Homchaudhuri B,Vahidi A,Pisu P.Fast model predictive controlbased fuel efficient control strategy for a group of connected vehicles in urban road conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2017,25(2):760-767
39 Cairano S D,Wei L,Kolmanovsky I V,et al.Power smoothing energy management and its application to a series hybrid powertrain[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2013,21(6):2091-2103
40 Liessner R,Dietermann A M,B?ker B,et al.Derivation of realworld driving cycles corresponding to traffic situation and driving style on the basis of Markov models and cluster analyses[C]//6th Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Conference.London:Institution of Engineering and Technology,2016:1-7
41 Sun C,Moura S J,Hu X S,et al.Dynamic traffic feedback data enabled energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2015,23(3):1075-1086
42 Themann P,Zlocki A,Eckstein L.Energy efficient control of vehicle's longitudinal dynamics using V2X communication[J].ATZWorldwide,2014,116(7):36-41
43 Zhang F,Xi J,Langari R.Real-time energy management strategy based on velocity forecasts using V2V and V2I communications[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,18(2):416-430
44 Liu G,Zhang J.An energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on driver behavior and road information[J].Journal of Intelligent&Fuzzy Systems,2017,33(5):3009-3020
45 Jiménez F,Cabrera-Montiel W.System for road vehicle energy optimization using real time road and traffic information[J].Energies,2014,7(6):3576-3598
46 Hu X,Wang H,Tang X.Cyber-physical control for energy-saving vehicle following with connectivity[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(11):8578-8587
47 Chen Z,Guo N,Shen J,et al.A hierarchical energy management strategy for power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicles considering velocity prediction[J].IEEE Access,2018,(6):33261-33274
48钱立军,邱利宏,司远,等.智能网联环境下的混合动力汽车分层能量管理[J].汽车工程,2017,39(6):621-629Qian Lijun,Qiu Lihong,Si Yuan,et al.Hierarchical energy management of hybrid electric vehicles under the environment of intelligent and connected vehicles[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(6):621-629
49 Li L,Chen X,Zhang L.Multimodel ensemble for freeway traffic state estimations[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2014,15(3):1323-1336
50 Yang C,Li L,You S,et al.Cloud computing-based energy optimization control framework for plug-in hybrid electric bus[J].Energy,2017,125:11-26
51 Fetene G M,Kaplan S,Mabit S L,et al.Harnessing big data for estimating the energy consumption and driving range of electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2017,54:1-11
52 Ozatay E,Onori S,Wollaeger J,et al.Cloud-based velocity profile optimization for everyday driving:A dynamic-programming-based solution[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2014,15(6):2491-2505
53 Martinez C M,Hu X,Cao D,et al.Energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles:Recent progress and a connected vehicles perspective[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(6):4534-4549